Uncover the hidden challenges that plague production environments in this eye-opening session. Join us as we explore the five most common performance problems that emerge in live systems. Gain invaluable insights into detecting these issues early on, before they wreak havoc on your operations. Discover practical solutions that empower you to address these challenges head-on, ensuring optimal performance and seamless user experiences.

1. Top 5 Production
Performance
Problems
Ram Lakshmanan
Architect yCrash

2. Top 5 Performance problems
What you will be learning?
2
Real case studies with Real data
Most efficient way to troubleshoot these problems

3. 3
Backend Slowdown

4. Application Architecture
JDBC
SOAP
MainFrame
REST
Server Thread Pool
Application Server
HTTP(S) request
4

5. Application Architecture
JDBC
SOAP
MainFrame
REST
Server Thread Pool
Application Server
HTTP(S) request
5

6. 1. GC Log
10. netstat
12. vmstat
2. Thread Dump
9. dmesg
3. Heap Dump
6. ps
8. Disk Usage
5. top 13. iostat
11. ping
14. Kernel Params
15. App Logs
16. metadata
4. Heap Substitute
7. top -H
6
Open-source script:
https://github.com/ycrash/yc-data-script
360° Troubleshooting artifacts

7. 1 2
3
1 Timestamp at which thread dump was triggered
2 JVM Version info
3 Thread Details - <<details in following slides>>
7

8. 1 2 3 4 5
6
7
1 Thread Name - InvoiceThread-A996
2 Priority - Can have values from 1 to 10
3 Thread Id - 0x00002b7cfc6fb000 – Unique ID assigned by JVM. It's returned by calling the Thread.getId() method.
4 Native Id - 0x4479 - This ID is highly platform dependent. On Linux, it's the pid of the thread. On Windows, it's simply the OS-level thread ID with
a process. On Mac OS X, it is said to be the native pthread_t value.
5 Address space - 0x00002b7d17ab8000 -
6 Thread State - RUNNABLE
7 Stack trace -
8

9. How to analyze Thread dump?
https://www.ibm.com/support/pages
/ibm-thread-and-monitor-dump-
analyzer-java-tmda
IBM TDMA
FastThread
https://fastthread.io/
03
02
https://tinyurl.com/wq95weo
Sample thread
report
yCrash
https://ycrash.io/
01
9

10. 10
Case Study
Backend Slowdown in a Major
Financial Institution in N.
America

11. OutOfMemoryError
11

12. 12
Memory Leak Program
Open Source app to simulate Performance Problems
BuggyApp

13. MemoryLeakDemo
Object1
Object2
MapManager
Key1 Large String…1
Key2 Large String…2
key3 Large String…3
:
:
KeyN Large String…N
myMap

14. 14
Memory of Healthy Application
- Full Garbage Collection Event

15. 15
Acute Memory Leak
- Full Garbage Collection Event

16. 16
Memory Leak
- Full Garbage Collection Event

17. 1. GC Log
10. netstat
12. vmstat
2. Thread Dump
9. dmesg
3. Heap Dump
6. ps
8. Disk Usage
5. top 13. iostat
11. ping
14. Kernel Params
15. App Logs
16. metadata
4. Heap Substitute
7. top -H
17
Open-source script:
https://github.com/ycrash/yc-data-script
360° Troubleshooting artifacts

18. How to analyze Heap dump?
jhat (oracle.com)
Jhat
Eclipse MAT
https://www.eclipse.org/mat
HeapHero
https://heaphero.io/
04
03
02
https://tinyurl.com/5sxz7dsr
Sample heap report
yCrash
https://ycrash.io/
01
18

19. CPU Spike
19

20. top –H –p <PROCESS_ID>’
Secrete Option:
20
We might have used ‘top’

21. 1. GC Log
10. netstat
12. vmstat
2. Thread Dump
9. dmesg
3. Heap Dump
6. ps
8. Disk Usage
5. top 13. iostat
11. ping
14. Kernel Params
15. App Logs
16. metadata
4. Heap Substitute
7. top -H
21
Open-source script:
https://github.com/ycrash/yc-data-script
360° Troubleshooting artifacts

22. Case Study
Major Trading app in N.
America
https://blog.fastthread.io/2020/04/23/troubleshooting-cpu-spike-in-a-major-trading-application/
22

23. Garbage Collection
23

24. What is Garbage?
HTTP Request
Objects
Memory
Garbage
24

25. 25
3-4 Decades ago
Developer
Writes code to Manually evict Garbage
JVM
Automatically evicts Garbage
Now
How are objects Garbage Collected?
Evolution: Manual -> Automatic

26. 26
Automatic GC sounds good right?
Yes, but for
GC pauses CPU consumption

27. Open-source script:
https://github.com/ycrash/yc-data-script
1. GC Log
10. netstat
12. vmstat
2. Thread Dump
9. dmesg
3. Heap Dump
6. ps
8. Disk Usage
5. top 13. iostat
11. ping
14. Kernel Params
15. App Logs
16. metadata
4. Heap Substitute
7. top -H
27
360° Troubleshooting artifacts

28. 2019-08-31T01:09:19.397+0000: 1.606: [GC (Metadata GC Threshold) [PSYoungGen: 545393K->18495K(2446848K)] 545393K->18519K(8039424K),
0.0189376 secs] [Times: user=0.15 sys=0.01, real=0.02 secs]
2019-08-31T01:09:19.416+0000: 1.625: [Full GC (Metadata GC Threshold) [PSYoungGen: 18495K->0K(2446848K)] [ParOldGen: 24K-
>17366K(5592576K)] 18519K->17366K(8039424K), [Metaspace: 20781K->20781K(1067008K)], 0.0416162 secs] [Times: user=0.38 sys=0.03,
real=0.04 secs]
2019-08-31T01:18:19.288+0000: 541.497: [GC (Metadata GC Threshold) [PSYoungGen: 1391495K->18847K(2446848K)] 1408861K-
>36230K(8039424K), 0.0568365 secs] [Times: user=0.31 sys=0.75, real=0.06 secs]
2019-08-31T01:18:19.345+0000: 541.554: [Full GC (Metadata GC Threshold) [PSYoungGen: 18847K->0K(2446848K)] [ParOldGen: 17382K-
>25397K(5592576K)] 36230K->25397K(8039424K), [Metaspace: 34865K->34865K(1079296K)], 0.0467640 secs] [Times: user=0.31 sys=0.08,
real=0.04 secs]
2019-08-31T02:33:20.326+0000: 5042.536: [GC (Allocation Failure) [PSYoungGen: 2097664K->11337K(2446848K)] 2123061K->36742K(8039424K),
0.3298985 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=9.20, real=0.33 secs]
2019-08-31T03:40:11.749+0000: 9053.959: [GC (Allocation Failure) [PSYoungGen: 2109001K->15776K(2446848K)] 2134406K->41189K(8039424K),
0.0517517 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=1.22, real=0.05 secs]
2019-08-31T05:11:46.869+0000: 14549.079: [GC (Allocation Failure) [PSYoungGen: 2113440K->24832K(2446848K)] 2138853K->50253K(8039424K),
0.0392831 secs] [Times: user=0.02 sys=0.79, real=0.04 secs]
2019-08-31T06:26:10.376+0000: 19012.586: [GC (Allocation Failure) [PSYoungGen: 2122496K->25600K(2756096K)] 2147917K->58149K(8348672K),
0.0371416 secs] [Times: user=0.01 sys=0.75, real=0.04 secs]
2019-08-31T07:50:03.442+0000: 24045.652: [GC (Allocation Failure) [PSYoungGen: 2756096K->32768K(2763264K)] 2788645K->72397K(8355840K),
0.0709641 secs] [Times: user=0.16 sys=1.39, real=0.07 secs]
2019-08-31T09:04:21.406+0000: 28503.616: [GC (Allocation Failure) [PSYoungGen: 2763264K->32768K(2733568K)] 2802893K->83469K(8326144K),
0.0789178 secs] [Times: user=0.12 sys=1.59, real=0.08 secs]
Sample GC Log

29. How to analyze GC Log?
https://developer.ibm.co
m/javasdk/tools/
IBM GC & Memory visualizer
GCeasy
yCrash
https://gceasy.io/
Google Garbage cat (cms)
https://code.google.com/
archive/a/eclipselabs.org/
p/garbagecat
HP Jmeter
https://h20392.www2.hpe
.com/portal/swdepot/displ
ayProductInfo.do?produc
tNumber=HPJMETER
03
02
01
05
04
https://ycrash.io/
29

30. 30
Case Study
Long GC Pauses in Top Cloud hosting
Provider
https://blog.gceasy.io/2022/03/04/garbage-collection-tuning-success-story-reducing-young-gen-size/

31. How does 96% GC Throughput sound?
1 day = 1440 Minutes (i.e., 24 hours x 60 minutes)
96% GC Throughput means app pausing for 57.6
minutes/day 31
What is GC Throughput?
Amount of time application spends in processing customer
transactions
vs
Amount of time application spends in processing garbage
collection activity

32. Concurrency Issues
32

33. public void synchronized getData() {
doSomething();
}
Thread 1
Thread 2
Thread 1
BLOCKED THREADS
BLOCKED thread state
33

34. 1. GC Log
10. netstat
12. vmstat
2. Thread Dump
9. dmesg
3. Heap Dump
6. ps
8. Disk Usage
5. top 13. iostat
11. ping
14. Kernel Params
15. App Logs
16. metadata
4. Heap Substitute
7. top -H
34
Open-source script:
https://github.com/ycrash/yc-data-script
360° Troubleshooting artifacts

35. Case Study
Major Leisure Travel Service
Provider
https://blog.ycrash.io/2022/03/09/java-uuid-generation-performance-impact/
35

36. 36
Environmental Issues
Bonus

37. Case Study
Intermittent HTTP 502 errors in
AWS EBS Service
37

38. EBS Architecture
38

39. Clue: Nginx Error
39

40. 1. GC Log
10. netstat
12. vmstat
2. Thread Dump
9. dmesg
3. Heap Dump
6. ps
8. Disk Usage
5. top 13. iostat
11. ping
14. Kernel Params
15. App Logs
16. metadata
4. Heap Substitute
7. top -H
40
Open-source script:
https://github.com/ycrash/yc-data-script
360° Data

41. 41

42. Ram Lakshmanan ram@tier1app.com
@tier1app https://www.linkedin.com/company/ycrash
This deck will be published in:
https://blog.ycrash.io
If you want to learn more …
42
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FRIENDS