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What do you do with football skills and stamina?




Team Building

     {   The Road to Success



 Copyright: Rinus Michels, Netherlands
General Introduction
    Types of Team Building
    Complexity of Football
    Limits of Team Building
    External Factors on the Psychological Team
     Building Process
    Levels of Development
    Steps in the Development Process
    Performance Level
    Value of the Team Building
General Introduction
Leonard Bernstein, conductor, orchestra leader:

”Individually you are very accomplished, but as an orchestra you
will have to travel a long and difficult road. You think you have
achieved the ultimate level, but the perfection of the orchestra can be
taken from 95 to 100 %

 Not enough that you play your own instrument correctly, you must
  also be harmonic with the orchestra
 Football coach must think how he/she can create a team that can
  produce the best possible outcome in difficult (constantly
  pressurized) situation
 No note book
 The quality of the players
 The quality of the coach
General Introduction
Anticipation and Decision Making


 Constantly changing situation
 Hundreds of Millions of possibilities during the match
 Split-second decision making
 Take into account your team-mates and the opponents
 Team efficiency vs showing off
 The aim of the match
 Outside pressure
 Money
 Perfect match?


 Pro level, amateur level –any difference in the pressure to succeed?
General Introduction
Pressure to Succeed


 Ever higher demands for the peformance level of the team
 Striving to perfection
 Team defensive preformance
 Result: higher demands on attacking and building up -qualities
 Individual and team level
 Structural learning process
 Academies
 Awareness of the team tactical effectivity
 Cohesiveness of the team


 Match analyses as the key
General Introduction
Types of Team Building
Teamwork is as old as the game itself.

    Increasing demands and pressure put on the coaches and players
    Structural means which help the players perform
    More speed & higher difficulty level

   -> players have to perform at a higher level

    Individually and within the team

    Players had much more time in the earlier days!

    PSYCHOLOGICAL team building process
    TEAM TACTICAL team building process
General Introduction
  Psychological Team Building Process
                                             Obvious approach

 Better mentality – better environment for the team tactical team building process
 Players’ willingness to work – MOTIVATION!
 Willingness to win
 What works today. Is not guaranteed to work tomorrow -> remain alert
 Changes in the tension level – which factors affect?

-> the coach must stay alert in each training session and feel the atmosphere & ACT
ACCORDING TO THE MENTAL ATTITUDE OF THE PLAYERS

 Before the game
 During the game: positive and negative developments

     Tact, harshness, continuous improvement
     Consistent, clear and honest behaviour from the coach!
General Introduction
The Team Tactical Team Building Process


 At least as imortant as mental team building
 Team tactics a structural process
 Based on a developed playing style
 Reguires strucutral training work using clear team tactical guidelines

     Organizational team building

     Strategical team building

     Tactical team building
General Introduction
 Organizational team building

  Concerns the guidelines of team organization, team structure and
   the organizational form (4-4-2, 4-3-3 and so on)
  Traffic lights – prevent chaos
  Every player has a role and function within the team organization

      Conduct through experience
      Action is taken fast and ”automatically”
      Too stiff approach?

  Strategical team building
 A series of guidelines how a team or a line or a group defend, build up, or attack
 Continuous positioning in relation to each other
General Introduction
  Tactical team building                   Football is complex


 How to prepare team tactically to    Connection between the complexity
  the match next Saturday?              of the game and the quality of the
                                        players
 Which variations do I use?
                                       The best players are very clever (~
 Based upon specific resistances       the up 5 % of the people)
  from a match
                                       Space and time –dimensions in a
                                        match – quick reflection to upcoming
                                        situations

                                       In comparison to the business world,
                                        space and time –dimensions are
                                        different
General Introduction
Complexity Factors of Team Building
                                                Team tactically the most
 Size of the team
 Unpredictability                                demanding sport
 Roles of the individuals; versatility is expected
     Continuous action

 Most decisicive demands placed on individual qualities of players
    Technically
    Physically (incl. psychologically)                        Players are
    Tactically (insight)                                      directors
    Intelligence, fast reaction to altering situations
    All players are ”quarterbacks”
                                                                Players’
                                                                sport
 Played by feet                                                discipline
 Contact sport                            Adequate training, team spirit
 Playing time, tempo -> physical
General Introduction
The Complexity of football is determined by
 The size of the team

 Individual qualities combined with versatility

 Unpredictability: the players have to make quick TEAM EFFICIENT
  decisions out of several options in ever changing situations

 The ball is played with feet

 Physical contact sport

 The duration of the match
 The measurements of the field
 Players’ game team tactically
 Constant action
                                               Team tactical guidelines a
 Tempo
                                               necessity
General Introduction

Limitations of Succeeding in the Team Building

   Every coach attempts to improve his team’s performance by
    helping to develop an extra team tactical dimension in every
    player = team efficiency/ by each member of the team

       Scoring chances can be created by good team play, but the team
        needs a player with the ability to score in order to succeed

       The same goes with other roles ~ duels
General Introduction
  Limitations in Succeeding in the Team Building

                         Quality of the players (most important factor)
                                  Physics, technics, mentality, tactics
LIMITING FACTORS:
                                                               Balance
                         Between defending, building up and attacking
                            One of the most difficult tasks of the coach

                                                            Success
                            Powerful weapon in team building process

                                                            Opponent
                                                The countermeasures
    What worked in the last game won’t necessarily work in the next one

                                                      Unpredictability
                                                            WC 1978
                                     Luck               CL Final 1999
General Introduction
Psychological Team Building Process
External Factors
Performance level is never a constant factor
Tension between self-interest and the interest of the team
     Power struggle
         Between board members, coach and bms, coach and assistant
          coach…
         Self-interest vs the best of the team

     Statements
         Board member, a coach, a player,…
         The coach must always be on the look-out & focus on TBP!
         Only the coach is able to build a team and a team efficient style
          of play

    -> the coach must have credibility and clear football vision
          Self-confidence
          Not the big picture, but the details are what matter
General Introduction
Levels of Development
All levels
  Challenges of coaches at all levels

      Make players perform better
      Reach the limits of the performance level of the team
      Big difference in the potential of all players in the talent pool
         -> difference in quality
      Coach must possess an adequate technical level (exceptions?)
      Theoretical knowledge of the game
      Theoretical knowledge of the team building process
      Ability to communicate
      No more street football – compensation
      Whoever wins is correct??
      Youth football: keeping the players busy vs teaching the game
      Organizing the training sessions efficiently
      Training football realistic situations
General Introduction
World Class Level of Development

  Relationship betw. Team Building and Performance Level

     Brazil 1994
     In 1970, Brazil used 4-2-4, in 1980s 4-4-2
     Also Parreira used 4-4-2 from the preparation on
     Everyone must take a part in defence, even Romario
     Few touches during the build up - midfielders
     Team spirit vs the stars – dream of all the Brazilians
         Unity and Team Spirit
    No money talk in the team – ”WC bigger than money”
     No press, family members, agents, fríends to the training camp

                  The team members could only communicate
                  with each other in the training camp
     Scrimmages especially helpful
        Not the result but the execution what counted
General Introduction
World Class Level of Development

  Relationship betw. Team Building and Performance Level

    Why was Parreira’s 4-4-2 different?
     Full backs helped in build up
     Centre backs covered the positionsof full backs
     The role of defending midfielders in defence and attack
     Attackers had to move a lot and go deep
     Not allowedto play close to each other durin the build up
     Had to be able to receive the ball in the flanks and behind the
      defensive line
     Shifts according to the state of possession were practiced over
      and over -> by varying the line-up this became familiar

    TEAM EFFICIENCY was the key word -> UNITY was clear
     Compare with Barca of Guardiola
General Introduction
 Steps in the Development Process
A rapid development of team tactics in the modern football since 2000
- the necessity to win has grown (places in big competitions a.s.o)

    When the ball is lost it has to be taken back, everyone is responsible – there
      are no hiding places
    Lightning fast transition from a team function to another, and MOST
      IMPORTANT is to act in the most team efficient manner in each situation
   -> UNITY, no false running -> efficiency
   - Compare with Barca of Guardiola, or Athletic of Bielsa
        - Individual qualities of the players: physical, mental, tactical
    Good coaching is a must
         Team tactical coaching; break the match down and analyze
         Not enough to rely on experiences as a player
         Video analyses take hours (Guardiola a.o.)
    Still, each player can increase his value to the team by improving his insight
    The hardest part: planning and executing the training sessions to serve the
      team tactical development – most coaches don’t make it
    Simulate the match situtations in exercises
General Introduction
  Steps in the Development Process (cont.)

 Practise team tactical positional games in a real high tempo
 Team efficient speed of action
     Quality of the individuals
     Positioning of the teammates
 Glue of the team spirit
 Problem: lack of professionalism of the leading players -> resist the exercises
 A good coach demands high tempo and accuracy (game mentality) -> team spirit
 If you succeed, t he players will make the exercises as their own
 Success: when team building process (tactically, psychoogically) is mastered to the
  minutest detail
 A new face as a coach is usually needed after few years, otherwise the players must
  be changed periodically (crediblity)
 Cataloque = frame of reference when regularly working on improving the
  perfrormance level
General Introduction
   Performance Level
The building blocks of the most reachable performance level
                                    The most negative influences on this:
 The individual qualities of the    -   lack of key players
                                    -   Lack of success
 players
                                    -   Negative audience
 - As much as possible in
                                    -   Too many changes in trainers
   compliance with the team
                                    -   Lack of flexibility in relation to a realistic
   structure and style of play
                                        style of play
 - Sufficient´ly balanced in game
                                    -   Negative internal and external factors in
   mentality/qualities
                                        relation to the team building process
 - Excellent training qualities
                                    -   Budget problems at the club
 - Well developed team building
                                    -   Wrong coach in a wrong place
   qualities (mental and team
                                    -   Lack of challenges
   tactical)
                                    -   Youth education does not have a center
                                        stage
                                    -   Overestimating and underestimating the
                                        opponent
The Evolution of Football
 Introduction
 Top Coaches

         Mario Zagallo (att. style of play)
         Helenio Herrera (def. style of play)
         Sir Alf Ramsey (the demise of the wing forwards)
         Rinus Michels (total and pressure football)
         Franz Beckenbauer (5-3-2)
         Johan Cruijff (3-4-3)
         Louis van Gaal (further development of 3-4-3)
         Sir Alex Ferguson
         Marcelo Bielsa (argentinian developer of the 4-3-3 -play
         Jose Mourinho (players coach)
         Josip ”Pep” Guardiola (dev. total and pressure football)
The Evolution of Football
 Introduction


Today’s pressure football
- demands team tactical maturity from all players
- Total soccer was introduced in the early 70s – now the most applied team
  tactical strategy
- Pressure football is carried out by 11 players, each player has his own task
  (c.)
- The aim is to play in the opposite’s side: press and disturb and prevent
  build-up as early as possible
     -   Force them to deliver an inaccurate pass or rotate from backwords again to
         gain time to get organised
     -   Or get the possession on the opponents’s half and make a quick transition

   Especially well developed in Spain and earlier in England
The Evolution of Football
 Introduction
Combination play/high quality positional play
- ”A must”
- Individual qualities
- Positioning and timing
- Passing and timing
- Decision-making
- Ball-control: give up the ball soon enough
     -   Crucial in the build-up

   The best team efficient solutions
   Individual qualities of the players have developed /average level
        Higher demands all the time

                -   Team tactical aspects and skills must be taught as early as possible
                -   High quality coaches
                -   Youth educational system
                -   As a whole
The Evolution of Football
 Introduction

 More speed, higher tempo, more pressure in the opposite’s side, less time
 - Each coach has to be able to develop a personal style of play
 - Correct balance is required
 - Ready made style of play
 - Tactical changes, variations – developed and practiced beforehand
      -   Entails a lot of training work and tactical talk
      -   Only a skilled coach can do
      -   Theoretically and practically

    Incredible difference between the games of the 60’s and 70’s compared to
     today’s
         Especially in the transition and pressing
         Speed of play

                 -   Individual qualities determine the level of performance
                 -   High quality coaches
                 -   Modern team building mechanism
                 -   Difference between friendly matches and competitive matches
Top-Notch Coaches
”The evolution can be attributed in the influence of a few coaches
(and players), who have innovated new dimensios in the game”

 Mario Zagallo
Attacking style of play
-  Evolution from the 50’s
-  WC 1970: 4-2-4
-  Main focus ín building up and attacking functions
-  Defensively covering of space instead of opponent
    -  Each player must participate
    -  Pelé, Tostao, Rivelino, Jairzinho

   Imitated and developed in Holland, and later in Barcelona, and in the teams of Bielsa
   Risky style – demands high quality players in every line
      Players must have been brought up in this style

      Lack of Culture

      Courage from the coaches – FREEDOM (?!)

      A style of lay must be realistic -> success AT THE TOP
      Not a product of idealism!
Top-Notch Coaches
 Sir Alf Ramsey – the developer of 4-4-2


-   Replaced the classical wing attackers with midfield wingers who had
    also an attacking task

 Franz Beckenbauer : 5-3-2

-   Defencive version 5-3-2
-   Attacking version 3-5-2
-   Two man-to-man markers in the center
-   A sweeper who played defensively behind them and offensively in front of them
-   Defenders in the wings who have duties in the build-up
-   Must cover the whole field from end line to end line
-   Cautious style of play
-   Several possible variations in the build-up and attacking strategies
Top-Notch Coaches
Rinus Michels: total- and pressure football – 4-3-3

 Total football (Ajax of the 70’s)
 - Required actions during the build-up and attack to break through the enforced
   defenses
 - The surprise effect               continuous changes in positions within and
   between the three lines
 - All players may and must take part in the build-up and attack as long as they look
   after their defensive tasks
 - Very demanding style of play individually and team tactically
     -  Each player must participate


Pressure football (Team Holland in the 70’s and ’88) ”The Hunt”
- Hunt for the ball, regaining the possession asap
- All three lines push up and play close to each other – familiar?
- Lots of free space in the own half – vulnerability
- Quick transitions when the ball is lost and won
- Demands years of team building and choosing players
- Demands very much practice of small details – movements and tasks
- Positive mentality of each player a PREREQUISITE
The Evolution of Football
 Introduction

More speed, higher tempo, more pressure in the opposite’s side, less time
- Each coach has to be able to develop a personal style of play
- Correct balance is required
- Ready made style of play
- Tactical changes, variations – developed and practiced beforehand
     -   Entails a lot of training work and tactical talk
     -   Only a skilled coach can do
     -   Theoretically and practically

   Incredible difference between the games of the 60’s and 70’s compared to
    today’s
        Especially in the transition and pressing
        Speed of play
                -   Individual qualities determine the level of performance
                -   High quality coaches
                -   Modern team building mechanism
                -   Difference between friendly matches and competitive matches
The Ground Rules of The Team
Tactical TeamBuilding -Process

    Organizational guidelines
    Strategical Team Tactical Guidelines
    Personal Choice
    Strategical Guidelines Per Team Function
    Strategic Team Tactical Guidelines
Team Tactical Team Building

  Organizational Guidelines

        Organizational forms
        Basic Tasks within the Organizational Form
        The Balance
        The Defensive Team Function as The Starting
         Point
Team Tactical Team Building

 Strategic Team Tactical Guidelines



       Guidelines for the Play-Making Strategy

       Guidelines for the Counter Attack Strategy
Team Tactical Team Building

 Strategic Guidelines per Team Function



       Defensive Strategies as the Basis
       Build Up -Strategies
       Attacking Strategies
The Ground Rules of the Psychological
TeamBuilding Process
   Harmony
                                       The Credibility of the
   Rules of Conduct – On and Off       Coach
    the Field
                                       Consult Situation
   Team Hierarchy
                                       Communication
   Kingdoms
                                       Training Camps
   Clear Objectives
                                       Atmosphere
   Common Enemy
                                       Success
   Culture of the Club
                                       Summarizing
   Strategy of Confrontation
Summarizing

    The Corporate World
    The Dream
    Structural Process
    Communication
    Dynamics
    Credibility
    Team Spirit
    Guidelines
    Leadership
The Soccer Learning Process

    Guidelines to Each Age Category
        5 y old
        6-8 y old
        10-12 y old
        12-14 y old
        14-16 y old
        16-18 y old
        18-21 years old (Final Phase)
    Structured Training Sessions
    Organization
    Gifted and Non-Gifted
Translation to the Training Pitch

      General Criteria
      Organization
      Most Common Mistakes Made in Team Tactical
       Training
      Activities That Focus on Team Tactical Assignments
      Team Tactical Exercises
Team Tactical Exercises

    Defensive Cohesiveness in the Defensive Line While Under
     Attacking Pressure
    The Cogwheels of the Team Tactical Training Mechanism
    Destrctive TeamTactical Abilities as an Example of a Tactical
     Training Activity in Defense
    Build Up Team Function
Perceiving the Value of the
    TeamBuilding Activities
    Value added acts                 Non-value added acts
   the Style of Play
                                        Arguments between members of
   The Formation of the Team            the team
   Activities That Focus on Team       External factors
    Tactical Assignments
                                        Selfishness
   Make Each Player Fully
                                        Activities Lacking the Team
    Understand his/her role in the
                                         Building Function
    squad
                                        Team Tactical Exercises
   Team Tactical Exercises
                                        a Coach Just Exposing Himself

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Team building

  • 1. What do you do with football skills and stamina? Team Building { The Road to Success Copyright: Rinus Michels, Netherlands
  • 2. General Introduction  Types of Team Building  Complexity of Football  Limits of Team Building  External Factors on the Psychological Team Building Process  Levels of Development  Steps in the Development Process  Performance Level  Value of the Team Building
  • 3. General Introduction Leonard Bernstein, conductor, orchestra leader: ”Individually you are very accomplished, but as an orchestra you will have to travel a long and difficult road. You think you have achieved the ultimate level, but the perfection of the orchestra can be taken from 95 to 100 %  Not enough that you play your own instrument correctly, you must also be harmonic with the orchestra  Football coach must think how he/she can create a team that can produce the best possible outcome in difficult (constantly pressurized) situation  No note book  The quality of the players  The quality of the coach
  • 4. General Introduction Anticipation and Decision Making  Constantly changing situation  Hundreds of Millions of possibilities during the match  Split-second decision making  Take into account your team-mates and the opponents  Team efficiency vs showing off  The aim of the match  Outside pressure  Money  Perfect match?  Pro level, amateur level –any difference in the pressure to succeed?
  • 5. General Introduction Pressure to Succeed  Ever higher demands for the peformance level of the team  Striving to perfection  Team defensive preformance  Result: higher demands on attacking and building up -qualities  Individual and team level  Structural learning process  Academies  Awareness of the team tactical effectivity  Cohesiveness of the team  Match analyses as the key
  • 6. General Introduction Types of Team Building Teamwork is as old as the game itself.  Increasing demands and pressure put on the coaches and players  Structural means which help the players perform  More speed & higher difficulty level -> players have to perform at a higher level  Individually and within the team  Players had much more time in the earlier days!  PSYCHOLOGICAL team building process  TEAM TACTICAL team building process
  • 7. General Introduction Psychological Team Building Process Obvious approach  Better mentality – better environment for the team tactical team building process  Players’ willingness to work – MOTIVATION!  Willingness to win  What works today. Is not guaranteed to work tomorrow -> remain alert  Changes in the tension level – which factors affect? -> the coach must stay alert in each training session and feel the atmosphere & ACT ACCORDING TO THE MENTAL ATTITUDE OF THE PLAYERS  Before the game  During the game: positive and negative developments  Tact, harshness, continuous improvement  Consistent, clear and honest behaviour from the coach!
  • 8. General Introduction The Team Tactical Team Building Process  At least as imortant as mental team building  Team tactics a structural process  Based on a developed playing style  Reguires strucutral training work using clear team tactical guidelines  Organizational team building  Strategical team building  Tactical team building
  • 9. General Introduction Organizational team building  Concerns the guidelines of team organization, team structure and the organizational form (4-4-2, 4-3-3 and so on)  Traffic lights – prevent chaos  Every player has a role and function within the team organization  Conduct through experience  Action is taken fast and ”automatically”  Too stiff approach? Strategical team building  A series of guidelines how a team or a line or a group defend, build up, or attack  Continuous positioning in relation to each other
  • 10. General Introduction Tactical team building Football is complex  How to prepare team tactically to  Connection between the complexity the match next Saturday? of the game and the quality of the players  Which variations do I use?  The best players are very clever (~  Based upon specific resistances the up 5 % of the people) from a match  Space and time –dimensions in a match – quick reflection to upcoming situations  In comparison to the business world, space and time –dimensions are different
  • 11. General Introduction Complexity Factors of Team Building Team tactically the most  Size of the team  Unpredictability demanding sport  Roles of the individuals; versatility is expected  Continuous action  Most decisicive demands placed on individual qualities of players  Technically  Physically (incl. psychologically) Players are  Tactically (insight) directors  Intelligence, fast reaction to altering situations  All players are ”quarterbacks” Players’ sport  Played by feet discipline  Contact sport Adequate training, team spirit  Playing time, tempo -> physical
  • 12. General Introduction The Complexity of football is determined by  The size of the team  Individual qualities combined with versatility  Unpredictability: the players have to make quick TEAM EFFICIENT decisions out of several options in ever changing situations  The ball is played with feet  Physical contact sport  The duration of the match  The measurements of the field  Players’ game team tactically  Constant action Team tactical guidelines a  Tempo necessity
  • 13. General Introduction Limitations of Succeeding in the Team Building  Every coach attempts to improve his team’s performance by helping to develop an extra team tactical dimension in every player = team efficiency/ by each member of the team  Scoring chances can be created by good team play, but the team needs a player with the ability to score in order to succeed  The same goes with other roles ~ duels
  • 14. General Introduction Limitations in Succeeding in the Team Building  Quality of the players (most important factor)  Physics, technics, mentality, tactics LIMITING FACTORS:  Balance  Between defending, building up and attacking  One of the most difficult tasks of the coach  Success  Powerful weapon in team building process  Opponent  The countermeasures  What worked in the last game won’t necessarily work in the next one  Unpredictability  WC 1978 Luck  CL Final 1999
  • 15. General Introduction Psychological Team Building Process External Factors Performance level is never a constant factor Tension between self-interest and the interest of the team  Power struggle  Between board members, coach and bms, coach and assistant coach…  Self-interest vs the best of the team  Statements  Board member, a coach, a player,…  The coach must always be on the look-out & focus on TBP!  Only the coach is able to build a team and a team efficient style of play -> the coach must have credibility and clear football vision  Self-confidence  Not the big picture, but the details are what matter
  • 16. General Introduction Levels of Development All levels  Challenges of coaches at all levels  Make players perform better  Reach the limits of the performance level of the team  Big difference in the potential of all players in the talent pool -> difference in quality  Coach must possess an adequate technical level (exceptions?)  Theoretical knowledge of the game  Theoretical knowledge of the team building process  Ability to communicate  No more street football – compensation  Whoever wins is correct??  Youth football: keeping the players busy vs teaching the game  Organizing the training sessions efficiently  Training football realistic situations
  • 17. General Introduction World Class Level of Development  Relationship betw. Team Building and Performance Level  Brazil 1994  In 1970, Brazil used 4-2-4, in 1980s 4-4-2  Also Parreira used 4-4-2 from the preparation on  Everyone must take a part in defence, even Romario  Few touches during the build up - midfielders  Team spirit vs the stars – dream of all the Brazilians  Unity and Team Spirit No money talk in the team – ”WC bigger than money”  No press, family members, agents, fríends to the training camp The team members could only communicate with each other in the training camp  Scrimmages especially helpful  Not the result but the execution what counted
  • 18. General Introduction World Class Level of Development  Relationship betw. Team Building and Performance Level Why was Parreira’s 4-4-2 different?  Full backs helped in build up  Centre backs covered the positionsof full backs  The role of defending midfielders in defence and attack  Attackers had to move a lot and go deep  Not allowedto play close to each other durin the build up  Had to be able to receive the ball in the flanks and behind the defensive line  Shifts according to the state of possession were practiced over and over -> by varying the line-up this became familiar TEAM EFFICIENCY was the key word -> UNITY was clear  Compare with Barca of Guardiola
  • 19. General Introduction Steps in the Development Process A rapid development of team tactics in the modern football since 2000 - the necessity to win has grown (places in big competitions a.s.o)  When the ball is lost it has to be taken back, everyone is responsible – there are no hiding places  Lightning fast transition from a team function to another, and MOST IMPORTANT is to act in the most team efficient manner in each situation -> UNITY, no false running -> efficiency - Compare with Barca of Guardiola, or Athletic of Bielsa - Individual qualities of the players: physical, mental, tactical  Good coaching is a must  Team tactical coaching; break the match down and analyze  Not enough to rely on experiences as a player  Video analyses take hours (Guardiola a.o.)  Still, each player can increase his value to the team by improving his insight  The hardest part: planning and executing the training sessions to serve the team tactical development – most coaches don’t make it  Simulate the match situtations in exercises
  • 20. General Introduction Steps in the Development Process (cont.)  Practise team tactical positional games in a real high tempo  Team efficient speed of action  Quality of the individuals  Positioning of the teammates  Glue of the team spirit  Problem: lack of professionalism of the leading players -> resist the exercises  A good coach demands high tempo and accuracy (game mentality) -> team spirit  If you succeed, t he players will make the exercises as their own  Success: when team building process (tactically, psychoogically) is mastered to the minutest detail  A new face as a coach is usually needed after few years, otherwise the players must be changed periodically (crediblity)  Cataloque = frame of reference when regularly working on improving the perfrormance level
  • 21. General Introduction Performance Level The building blocks of the most reachable performance level The most negative influences on this: The individual qualities of the - lack of key players - Lack of success players - Negative audience - As much as possible in - Too many changes in trainers compliance with the team - Lack of flexibility in relation to a realistic structure and style of play style of play - Sufficient´ly balanced in game - Negative internal and external factors in mentality/qualities relation to the team building process - Excellent training qualities - Budget problems at the club - Well developed team building - Wrong coach in a wrong place qualities (mental and team - Lack of challenges tactical) - Youth education does not have a center stage - Overestimating and underestimating the opponent
  • 22. The Evolution of Football  Introduction  Top Coaches  Mario Zagallo (att. style of play)  Helenio Herrera (def. style of play)  Sir Alf Ramsey (the demise of the wing forwards)  Rinus Michels (total and pressure football)  Franz Beckenbauer (5-3-2)  Johan Cruijff (3-4-3)  Louis van Gaal (further development of 3-4-3)  Sir Alex Ferguson  Marcelo Bielsa (argentinian developer of the 4-3-3 -play  Jose Mourinho (players coach)  Josip ”Pep” Guardiola (dev. total and pressure football)
  • 23. The Evolution of Football  Introduction Today’s pressure football - demands team tactical maturity from all players - Total soccer was introduced in the early 70s – now the most applied team tactical strategy - Pressure football is carried out by 11 players, each player has his own task (c.) - The aim is to play in the opposite’s side: press and disturb and prevent build-up as early as possible - Force them to deliver an inaccurate pass or rotate from backwords again to gain time to get organised - Or get the possession on the opponents’s half and make a quick transition  Especially well developed in Spain and earlier in England
  • 24. The Evolution of Football  Introduction Combination play/high quality positional play - ”A must” - Individual qualities - Positioning and timing - Passing and timing - Decision-making - Ball-control: give up the ball soon enough - Crucial in the build-up  The best team efficient solutions  Individual qualities of the players have developed /average level  Higher demands all the time - Team tactical aspects and skills must be taught as early as possible - High quality coaches - Youth educational system - As a whole
  • 25. The Evolution of Football  Introduction More speed, higher tempo, more pressure in the opposite’s side, less time - Each coach has to be able to develop a personal style of play - Correct balance is required - Ready made style of play - Tactical changes, variations – developed and practiced beforehand - Entails a lot of training work and tactical talk - Only a skilled coach can do - Theoretically and practically  Incredible difference between the games of the 60’s and 70’s compared to today’s  Especially in the transition and pressing  Speed of play - Individual qualities determine the level of performance - High quality coaches - Modern team building mechanism - Difference between friendly matches and competitive matches
  • 26. Top-Notch Coaches ”The evolution can be attributed in the influence of a few coaches (and players), who have innovated new dimensios in the game”  Mario Zagallo Attacking style of play - Evolution from the 50’s - WC 1970: 4-2-4 - Main focus ín building up and attacking functions - Defensively covering of space instead of opponent - Each player must participate - Pelé, Tostao, Rivelino, Jairzinho  Imitated and developed in Holland, and later in Barcelona, and in the teams of Bielsa  Risky style – demands high quality players in every line  Players must have been brought up in this style  Lack of Culture  Courage from the coaches – FREEDOM (?!)  A style of lay must be realistic -> success AT THE TOP  Not a product of idealism!
  • 27. Top-Notch Coaches  Sir Alf Ramsey – the developer of 4-4-2 - Replaced the classical wing attackers with midfield wingers who had also an attacking task  Franz Beckenbauer : 5-3-2 - Defencive version 5-3-2 - Attacking version 3-5-2 - Two man-to-man markers in the center - A sweeper who played defensively behind them and offensively in front of them - Defenders in the wings who have duties in the build-up - Must cover the whole field from end line to end line - Cautious style of play - Several possible variations in the build-up and attacking strategies
  • 28. Top-Notch Coaches Rinus Michels: total- and pressure football – 4-3-3 Total football (Ajax of the 70’s) - Required actions during the build-up and attack to break through the enforced defenses - The surprise effect continuous changes in positions within and between the three lines - All players may and must take part in the build-up and attack as long as they look after their defensive tasks - Very demanding style of play individually and team tactically - Each player must participate Pressure football (Team Holland in the 70’s and ’88) ”The Hunt” - Hunt for the ball, regaining the possession asap - All three lines push up and play close to each other – familiar? - Lots of free space in the own half – vulnerability - Quick transitions when the ball is lost and won - Demands years of team building and choosing players - Demands very much practice of small details – movements and tasks - Positive mentality of each player a PREREQUISITE
  • 29. The Evolution of Football  Introduction More speed, higher tempo, more pressure in the opposite’s side, less time - Each coach has to be able to develop a personal style of play - Correct balance is required - Ready made style of play - Tactical changes, variations – developed and practiced beforehand - Entails a lot of training work and tactical talk - Only a skilled coach can do - Theoretically and practically  Incredible difference between the games of the 60’s and 70’s compared to today’s  Especially in the transition and pressing  Speed of play - Individual qualities determine the level of performance - High quality coaches - Modern team building mechanism - Difference between friendly matches and competitive matches
  • 30. The Ground Rules of The Team Tactical TeamBuilding -Process  Organizational guidelines  Strategical Team Tactical Guidelines  Personal Choice  Strategical Guidelines Per Team Function  Strategic Team Tactical Guidelines
  • 31. Team Tactical Team Building Organizational Guidelines  Organizational forms  Basic Tasks within the Organizational Form  The Balance  The Defensive Team Function as The Starting Point
  • 32. Team Tactical Team Building Strategic Team Tactical Guidelines  Guidelines for the Play-Making Strategy  Guidelines for the Counter Attack Strategy
  • 33. Team Tactical Team Building Strategic Guidelines per Team Function  Defensive Strategies as the Basis  Build Up -Strategies  Attacking Strategies
  • 34. The Ground Rules of the Psychological TeamBuilding Process  Harmony  The Credibility of the  Rules of Conduct – On and Off Coach the Field  Consult Situation  Team Hierarchy  Communication  Kingdoms  Training Camps  Clear Objectives  Atmosphere  Common Enemy  Success  Culture of the Club  Summarizing  Strategy of Confrontation
  • 35. Summarizing  The Corporate World  The Dream  Structural Process  Communication  Dynamics  Credibility  Team Spirit  Guidelines  Leadership
  • 36. The Soccer Learning Process  Guidelines to Each Age Category  5 y old  6-8 y old  10-12 y old  12-14 y old  14-16 y old  16-18 y old  18-21 years old (Final Phase)  Structured Training Sessions  Organization  Gifted and Non-Gifted
  • 37. Translation to the Training Pitch  General Criteria  Organization  Most Common Mistakes Made in Team Tactical Training  Activities That Focus on Team Tactical Assignments  Team Tactical Exercises
  • 38. Team Tactical Exercises  Defensive Cohesiveness in the Defensive Line While Under Attacking Pressure  The Cogwheels of the Team Tactical Training Mechanism  Destrctive TeamTactical Abilities as an Example of a Tactical Training Activity in Defense  Build Up Team Function
  • 39. Perceiving the Value of the TeamBuilding Activities Value added acts Non-value added acts  the Style of Play  Arguments between members of  The Formation of the Team the team  Activities That Focus on Team  External factors Tactical Assignments  Selfishness  Make Each Player Fully  Activities Lacking the Team Understand his/her role in the Building Function squad  Team Tactical Exercises  Team Tactical Exercises  a Coach Just Exposing Himself