CONSTRUCTION SOLUTIONS

1. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 [BLD61403 / ARC3514 / ARC3512]
ASSIGNMENT 2 (40%) INDIVIDUAL
C O N S T R U C T I O N S O L U T I O N S
S E N T U L C O M M U N I T Y L I B R A R Y
NAME: LEE JO YEE
STUDENT ID: 0314880
TUTOR: MR.MOHD ADIB RAMLI
DATE OF SUBMISSION: 23/06/2016

2. TABLE OF CONTENT
1.0 INTRODUCTION & BUILDING PLANS
2.0 FAÇADE
2.1 PRECEDENT STUDY 1 - DOCUMENTATION CENTRE IN HINZERT in GERMANY /Wandel Hoefer Lorch + Hirsch
2.2 PRECEDENT STUDY 2 - BINH THANH HOUSE in VIETNAM / Vo Trong Nghia Architect
2.3 FAÇADE PROPOSAL 1
2.4 FAÇADE PROPOSAL 2
3.0 ROOF
3.1 PRECEDENT STUDY - HEYDAR ALIYEV CULTURAL CENTER in BAKU, AZERBAIJAN / ZAHA HADID
4.0 STRUCTURE
4.1 PRECEDENT STUDY 1 - COMMON AREAS OF PUBLIC MULTI-FAMILY HOUSING BUILDINGS / Studio af6
4.2 SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE 1 (SCALE 1:30) – UPPER AND LOWER GROUND FLOOR
4.3 SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE 2 (SCALE 1:30) – FIFTH FLOOR AND ROOF
5.0 REFERENCES
PAGE
1 – 3
4
5
6-7
8-9
10
11-12
13
14
15

3. LOWER GROUND FLOOR PLAN
SCALE 1:200
PROJECT: COMMUNITY LIBRARY
SITE: JALAN IPOH, SENTUL,
SELANGOR
AREA: 22941mm x 23000mm
PLOT RATIO: 1:4
NUMBER OF STOREY: 4
DESIGN STATEMENT:
The designed building specially
for the community of Sentul, not
just serves the function of a library
but also as a public nodes that
aims to gather and unite the
people.
The library provides an
alternative channel of
knowledge that the locals have
yet experience before and also
as a precious hub to record the
memory of Sentul.
1.0 INTRODUCTION

4. FIRST FLOOR PLAN
SCALE 1:200
UPPER GROUND FLOOR PLAN
SCALE 1:200

5. SECONDFLOOR PLAN
SCALE 1:200
THIRD FLOOR PLAN
SCALE 1:200

6. MATERIALS USED
1. Corten steel panels
2. Water repellent mineral-
fibre thermal insulation
3. Birch-veneered composite
wood board soffit
4. Gypsum fibreboard
5. Sound insulation mat
6. Steel I-beam
TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION
SYSTEM USED
Welding of metal: Joining of
two pieces metal together to
form one piece by heating the
metal to the melting points.
2.1 FAÇADE PRECEDENT STUDY 1
DOCUMENTATION CENTRE IN HINZERT in GERMANY
/Wandel Hoefer Lorch + Hirsch
The 43-meter-long structure occupies a gentle slope,
rising from two to seven meters in height. The all-in-
one structure, roof and façade consists of over three
thousand different triangular plates of 12-millimeter
Corten steel. The angles between the individual
panels were calculated to ensure that the elements
have an adequate structural height and that the
entire construction forms a rigid folded plate.
The expressive outer skin in oxidized steel is both load-
bearing structure and façade
Sources:
http://www.archdaily.com/317207/the-hinzert-museum-and-document-center-
wandel-hoefer-lorch-hirsch
ADVANTAGES / DISADVANTAGES INTEGRATION WITH STUDIO DESIGN
Advantages:
• maintenance free as its oxidised surfaces
are the desired effect
• Recyclable
• Low solar reflectivity
Disadvantages:
Insulation of the interiors are required such as
in this case study, there is an inner skin consists
of triangular birch plywood panels to protect
the document centre.
• Corten steel as a materials whereby the
weathering (rusted) effect is sough after as
a aesthetic quality. The materials darken its
colour from time to time symbolizes its age.
• The material tends to rejuvenate the
industrial era and to blend with the rich
historical background of Sentul where the
origin of train works started.

7. 2.2 FAÇADE PRECEDENT STUDY 2
ADVANTAGES / DISADVANTAGES INTEGRATION WITH STUDIO DESIGN
Advantages:
• High thermal mass and provide cooling
effect to the interior
• Concrete are easily obtain and build
with
• Precast blocks posses great flexibility to
design and customize.
Disadvantages:
• Price of the precast blocks.
• Integrated with the concept of the
studio project: blends into the
neighbourhood in the day and
transform into a light lit monument at
night.
• Provide sharing from sun and rain.
• Blends in with the similar architecture
style to the context (Art Deco) and
remains uniquely modern.
• Allow framing of views
BINH THANH HOUSE in VIETNAM / Vo Trong Nghia Architect
Pattern blocks, which used to be a popular shading device
in Vietnam to get natural ventilation, are made of pre-cast
concrete with 60cm width and 40cm height. It not only
prevents the harsh sunlight and heavy rain but also
enhances the privacy and the safety.
MATERIALS USED
The concrete façade has
implied the materials of
1. Precast concrete pattern
blocks
2. Reinforced concrete bars
TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION
SYSTEM USED
Upon discussion with tutor,
conclusion is drawn that the
concrete blocks are precast
and can be easily lay with
cement on the wall.
However, the part where the
concrete blocks extend to
become an overhead ceiling
is perhaps, installed with rebar
in between, to fix them into
position, and rest on the core
beam.

11. 2

12. 3.1 ROOF PRECEDENT STUDY
ADVANTAGES / DISADVANTAGES INTEGRATION WITH STUDIO DESIGN
Advantages:
• Interesting and unique structure due to its
versatility in shape and form
• Light weight
• One of the Industrialised building
components which are often standard size
and shape
Disadvantages:
• High construction cost
• Slight complexion in structural engineering
• A wide span that enables a column free
floor plan for the library
• Strengthen the importance of the roof in
the urban infill
• Replace GFRP with lower cost materials like
fibreglass roof panels (FRP)
HEYDAR ALIYEV CULTURAL CENTER in BAKU,
AZERBAIJAN / ZAHA HADID
A very nimble two-layer space frame plays supportive
bridesmaid to the double envelope that curves smoothly along
the top and bottom of the exterior shell, hiding the skeletal
frame and emphasizing surface rather than structure, as
though the building were all effect and no cause. The 619,000-
square-foot cultural center—for which the client, DIA Holding,
also served as the design/build contractor—manifests the
lightness of a handkerchief billowing in free fall.
MATERIALS USED
Structure: Steel (space frame)
Cladding:
1. Glass Fibre Reinforced
Concrete(GFRC)
2. Glass Fibre Reinforced
Polyester (GFRP)
Reasons: allow for the powerful
plasticity of the building’s
design
TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION
SYSTEM USED
The construction system used is
the double-curved space
frame structure (single layer
membrane).
The axial tubes are joined
together by the MERO
connector consists of a node
that is a spherical hot-pressed
steel forging with flat facets
and tapped holes. Members
are circular hollow sections
with cone- shaped steel
forgings welded at the ends,
which accommodate
connecting bolts.

13. 4.1 STRUCUTURE PRECEDENT STUDY 2
ADVANTAGES / DISADVANTAGES INTEGRATION WITH STUDIO DESIGN
Advantages:
• Stiffer and stronger than many other floor
system, so the weight and size of the
primary structure can be reduced.
Consequently, foundation sizes can be
reduced.
• Safe method and high speed of
construction
• Low cost (saves in transportation)
• Sustainability. 94% of all steel construction
products can be either re-used or recycled.
• Easy construction allow the local to be
involved in the building of the library.
• Low in construction cost
INTERVENTIONS IN COMMON AREAS OF
PUBLIC MULTI-FAMILY HOUSING BUILDINGS /
Studio af6
The bridge structures that contain the lifts are
formed by steel porticoes that span the distance
between the two buildings. Composite galvanized
steel floor decking with reinforced concrete was
used for the floor slabs. And the construction
process allowed for all the homes to be used during
building.
MATERIALS/
COMPONENTS USED
The layers consists of
1. steel deck (profiled
steel sheeting)
2. steel beam or joist
3. cast in situ concrete
topping
4. top reinforcement
mesh
5. bottom reinforcement
6. stud shear connectors
FLOORING SYSTEM:
COMPOSITE STEEL
DECK FLOORING
STRUCTURE SYSTEM:
UNIVERSAL STEEL
COLUMNS &
BEAMS
HOW IS THE SYSTEM CONSTRUCTED?
Steel decks are first lay on the primary and
secondary beams of the building. They are
installed and fastened with shear
connectors/studs through welding techniques.
After installing the slab reinforcement, proper
techniques or quality control are required to
pour the concrete to thickness.
Workmanship and sequences are important as
to prevent deflections, overloading of decks,
irregular surface and etc.

14. 4.1 STRUCUTURE PRECEDENT STUDY 2
MATERIALS USED
Structure: Steel (Cold-Formed Steel Framing)
HOW IS THE SYSTEM CONSTRUCTED?
Steel framing is a practical, code approved solution
to many of the limitations that builders face today
when using traditional building materials.
Steel members are first built in a factory based on the
engineered drawings and layouts. They are precast
components which later arrived at the site and be
erected.
Shallow foundations with concrete floor base is
selected as the construction method for the
community library. Spread footings with steel columns
anchoring to the ground, reinforced with steel grid
are joined together with grade beams to form a grid
work of the slab.
There are various techniques and components for
columns and beam connections. I have adopted the
Stiffened Seated Connection which consists of the
seated angle and cleat angle attached to the
column flange. The structure can be further
enhanced will the angle clips.
Illustrations on the right from above show the
reference images of steel column base plate,
followed by the details of spread footing and lastly
the diagram showing the component in a stiffened
seated connection.
CLEAT ANGLE
SEATED ANGLE

17. 5 REFERENCES:
1. The study of space frame:
http://3dspaceco.com/public/user_data/shokouh/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D
9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%20%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86/13.pdf
2. The study of types of space frames and joints:
a)http://www.slideshare.net/ogustians/space-framesmodular-construction-
technology
b)http://www.columbia.edu/cu/gsapp/BT/BSI/SPACEFRAME/spaceframe.html
3. The study on the failure of space frame:
http://failures.wikispaces.com/Kemper%20Arena,%20Kansas%20City,%20Missour
i
4. The study of typical steel connections:
http://www.engr.mun.ca/~adluri/courses/steel/ppt%20files1/Topic%20-
Connections%20-typical%20joints.pdf
5. The study of composite floor:
a)slab:http://www.scielo.br/img/revistas/jbsmse/v30n1/a09fig03.gif
b)http://www.detallesconstructivos.net/en/category/structures/floor-slabs