Health Care

1. H E A L T H P O L I C Y
EXPANDED PROGRAM ON IMMUNIZATION
(EPI)
DEVELOPED BY:
PHARM-NET

2. H E A L T H P O L I C Y

3. EXPANDED MEANS?
Expanding the number of diseases to be covered.
Expanding the number of children and target population to be
covered.
Expanding coverage to all corners of the country and spreading
services to be covered at the less privileged sectors of society.
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4. OVERVIEW
The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) is a disease prevention
activity aiming at reducing illness, disability and mortality from
childhood diseases preventable by immunization.
1000 deaths in less than 5 year children will daily occur in Pakistan, if
EPI is discontinued. Immunization is one of the most successful and
cost effective health interventions.
80% children of world are being protected against childhood TB.
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5. WHY IMMUNIZE?
Vaccinations not only protect your child from deadly disease, but
they also keep other children safe by eliminating or greatly
decreasing dangerous diseases that used to spread from child to
child.
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6. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
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7. OBJECTIVES
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8. IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE
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9. COLD CHAIN
Vaccines are sensitive biological products which may become less effective, or
even destroyed, when exposed to temperatures outside the recommended
range.
Vaccines exposed to temperatures above the recommended temperature range
experience some loss of potency with each episode of exposure.
Repetitive exposure to heat episodes results in a cumulative loss of potency that
is not reversible.
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10. VACCINES PRODUCTION TO PATIENT
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11. COMPONENTS OF EPI
Routine Immunization
◦ Children 0-23 months – immunization with 8 EPI antigens
◦ Pregnant ladies by TT.
Supplemental Immunization Activities
◦ Routine immunization does not ensure 100% coverage of the mobile population So SIAs are scheduled
to ensure coverage of this population / areas.
◦ NIDs / SNIDs: children < 5 years receive polio drops (3-days campaign)
Disease Surveillance
◦ To detect every case of target diseases, the suspected cases of seven VPDs are reported by health
facilities to the district health authorities for immediate launching of the control measures.
Mopping up
◦ Special campaigns 5-8 km around the infected locality to localize the disease and stop its transmission
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12. CURRENT SITUATION IN PAKISTAN
Despite significant efforts by the government and its partners, Pakistan’s
immunization indicators have yet to reach the expected benchmarks. The key
goals of polio eradication, and measles and neo-natal tetanus elimination, have
not been achieved.
Routine vaccination coverage is still suboptimal for achieving the desired goals.
Poor routine coverage is also evidenced by the occurrence of numerous
outbreaks of measles, pertussis and diphtheria in different parts of the country.
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13. ACHIEVEMENTS
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14. FUTURE PLANS
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15. CONCLUSION
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It is a world-wide Program being carried out in all countries
assisted by WHO, UNICEF and other donor agencies.
The global target of the Program is to immunize over 95% of
infants and child-bearing-age females.

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This boys at the Cheshire Home for Handicapped Children in Menagesha have
suffered extreme deformities from the polio virus
POLIO PHOTOS