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File types pro forma
- 1. Digital Graphics File Formats Jess Stanton
- 2. Raster Graphics Most images used on a computer are raster graphics such as ones found on the internet and pictures imported from cameras. They are made up or a grid of pixels which are usually known as bitmap. The larger the image is the more space it will take up and due to raster graphics needing to store so much information the large bitmaps require large file sizes. However there are compression formats that reduce files sizes such as JPEG and GIFs.
- 3. Vector Graphics Vector graphics are made up of vectors, more commonly known as paths and strokes. They have a specific start and end point with curves and angles in between which make them more flexible and can become a line, a square, a triangle or a curvy shape. When they are resized there isn't much pixilation due to the ratio of the parts to other parts being changed not stretched. They are useful for business cards or big billboards as they have no loss in definition when changed.
- 5. JPEG Stands For Joint Photographic Experts Group Used For/Example • Photographic and Web formats Advantage • JPEGs are universal - every device that shows pictures uses / shows them in the JPEG format • Made up of thousands or millions of colours • Small file size Disadvantage • Low quality • They loose quality due to the compression and recompression each time they are edited and downloaded.
- 6. TIFF Stands For Tagged Image File Format Used For/Example • Desktop Publishing • Used popularly by graphic designers Advantage • Have the option of lossless compression which doesn’t loose quality. • Adobe InDesign documents saved as TIFFs and can save multi page documents to a single TIFF file. Disadvantage • Large file sizes due to no compression • Wont open in as many devices • More specialist software involved so can be complex to use.
- 7. GIF Stands For Graphic Interchange Format Used For/Example • Short digital animations often on the internet. Advantage • They are small file sizes and they can be used easily online as they can load quicker • Can be of anything and so appel to anyone Disadvantage • Can have a lack of quality due to only having a maximum palette of 256 colours • Poor quality
- 8. BMP Stands For Bitmap Image File Used For/Example • Digital Image Advantage • Can be sent to people and they can still open them • Quality stays up due to no loss when compressed Disadvantage • Does not support compression, which means very large files. • BMP files are not supported by Web browsers.
- 10. PSD Stands For Photoshop Document Used For/Example • Image Manipulation e.g. front covers of magazines Advantage • Can use text in this program • Support transparency and so can improve overall appearance of areas such as websites • Saves layers, page formatting information, swatches etc.. Disadvantage • Doesn’t have spell check and so means you have to check through work to make sure it is faultless • Can only see image if device has Photoshop program too • Big files sizes if there is lots of information e.g. lots of layers
- 11. AI Stands For Adobe Illustrator Used For/Example • Logo creation • Graphics to represent a company Advantage • Can be scaled to big or small as vector graphics have no loss in definition • When image is zoomed in on, unlike Photoshop the quality stays the same Disadvantage • Big file sizes • Can only be opened if the device has AI • Complicated to learn how to use it
- 12. FLA Stands For Flash file Used For/Example • Creation of animation and games Advantage • Can produce high quality files with a small file size • Can include sound and videos • Can be used easily and watched easily online Disadvantage • Text has to be shortened as content capacity is limited • Flash files are hard to update • Flash files don’t work on certain phones and tablets which are highly popular
- 13. WMF Stands For Windows Metafile Used For/Example • Microsoft Clipart • Used for logo creation Advantage • Similar to AI files • Are often copyright free • Can contain both vector and bitmap components • Can be big or small as vectors have no loss in definition Disadvantage • They can only display 256 colours unlike, say a JPEG which have 16 bit colour • Security issues have been reported where by computer code can be embedded in them
- 14. File Format Capture and Optimising
- 15. Compression Definition The action of reducing a file size. “When a file or a group of files is compressed, the resulting "archive" often takes up 50% to 90% less disk space than the original file” http://www.techterms.com/definition/file _compression Advantage • Makes files smaller, which can make them easier and quicker to download over a network or thee internet Disadvantage • Images become pixelated as they are compressed as they save smaller amounts or coloured squares each time
- 16. Image Capture Method Scanner How is it used for image capture of graphics You can digitise physical images like sketches, physical photos or mixed media products Method Camera How is it used for image capture of graphics Take a picture of the graphic (this will turn a vector image into a bitmap) Method Graphics Tablet How is it used for image capture of graphics Allows you to control the mouse like a pen allowing for enhanced control of drawing or selection
- 17. Optimising Why would you optimise? Files that aren’t optimised have larger file sizes making downloads longer How can you optimise? • You can optimise for web by reducing the “Image Size” in Photoshop • Reducing resolution • Reducing bit depth Advantage to optimising • Images uploaded to the internet are optimised to ensure easy viewing on the web. Disadvantage to optimising • Images should only be up 500 pixels otherwise quality is lost