This the presentation on Economic Development topic STD 9th of History covered all essential points and information with some questions at the end.

1. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Standard-9
Social science-1
History. Chapter-4

2. INTRODUCTION
What is economy?
A system where economic activities occur. I.e. production, exchange,
distribution, social welfare,etc.

3. Topics
• Mixed economy
• Five year plan
• Goals of plan
• 1st Five year plan
• 2nd Five year plan
• 3rd Five year plan

4. MIXED ECONOMY
• After independence,India adopt economic system.
• Many countries adopted the way economy such as
. A)Capatilism:- production are privately owned.
B)Socialism. :-. Production are owned for the society.
But India choose different type of economy
Our Prime Minister Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru adopted the plan.

6. 3 TYPES OF ECONOMY
• There are 3 types of economy are :-
1) Public Sector:- industries are under control of government.
Ex:- Defence System
2) Private Sector:- industries are under control of owned and
government also.
Ex:- Consumer goods
3) Joint Sector:- Industries are under both private and government.

8. Characteristics of Mixed Economy
• To run smoothly coordination between private and public sector.
• Aims at maximisation of production on large scale.
• To bring the good aspects of both capatilist and socialist system.
• Accepts the profit,loss,enterprenuership, discipline,time bound
planning,etc.
• Large priority to national interest.

10. Disadvantages
• Long term development is stressed with priority.
• Industries such as defence, scientific research,
education,roads,railways,waterways,seaports and airports.
• These industries require huge capital investment but returns are
delay.
• Private Industries not keen interest on these industries,so
government take initiative run.

11. • India adopted the 1973 Policy to increase the speed of development.
• Priority was given to small and cottage industries
• Government started paying more attention to the cooperative sector.
• Priority was given to heavy industries, foreign industries and remove
imbalance in regional development.

15. Fundamental Principle
• Principle of planning is,
• The proportionate distribution of the resources the country
• Appropriate use of the human resources to fulfill the needs of the
people.

19. FIVE YEAR PLAN SYSTEM
• This plan was designed with the goal of making India economically self-sufficient by
alleviating poverty.
• The objectives of the Fifth Plan were as follows :
• increase the national income, make large scale
• employment available,
• supply education and nutritious food and drinking water
• make facilities of medical treatment available in rural areas,
• to supply electricity and means of communication,
• development of agriculture, increase the basic industries,
• purchase food grains and other life sustaining goods by monopoly purchase
• available to the poor at reasonable prices through a public distribution system.

20. SIXTH YEAR PLAN
• This plan also stressed upon alleviation of poverty and employment generation.
• This plan had the following objectives :
• significantly increase the growth rate in the economy,
• reduce the rate of poverty and unemployment,
• shape and implement a population policy
• The following programmes were implemented in the sixth five year plan:
• * Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP).
• * Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme (RLEGP).
• * National Rural Employment Programme (NREP).
• * Salem Steel Plant.

21. SEVENTH YEAR PLAN
• This plan laid stress on food, employment and productivity.
• The objectives of the plan included :
• Development, modernisation, self-reliance, social justice,
• improving the techniques of production,
• to achieve an yearly increase in national income of 5%
• Increasese food grain production.
• The following programmes were started in this plan :
• Jawahar Rojgar Yojana *
• India Awaas Yojana *
• Scheme of 10 lakh wells.

22. NINTH YEAR PLAN
• The plan had the following features:
• to maintain the rate of growth in national income at 6.5%,
• to control the growth of population,
• to encourage the programme of family planning,
• to remove illiteracy by expansion of primary education.
• The following programmes were started during this plan :
• * Pradhanmantri Rozgar Yojana
• * Mahila Samriddhi Yojana *
• Rashtriya Samajik, Arthik Sahayya Yojana
• * Midday Meal Scheme *
• Indira Mahila Scheme *
• Ganga Kalyan Scheme
• During the eighth plan, the importance of the private sector grew.
• This plan is a reflection of the liberalisation and free market policy adopted in 1991.

23. 20-Point Programme
• Prime Minister Indira Gandhi announced the 20-point programme on 1st July 1975
and resolved to make efforts towards rapidly becoming a developed nation.
• Land ceiling for cities and agricultural land, equal division of wealth, minimum wages
for workers, increase in water conservation schemes.
• Workers’ participation in industry, national training scheme, freeing bonded labour.
• Prevention of tax evasion, economic crimes and smuggling.
• Regulation of prices of basic necessities, improvements in the public distribution
system.
• Improvement in the textile industry by developing handloom sector, waiving loans for
weaker sections, housing, communication facilities, making educational equipment
available to schools.

24. ISSUES OF WORKERS
• The first textile mill was started in Mumbai on 11th July 1851 by
Kawasjee Dawar.
• mills started in Dadar, Paral, Bhaykhala, Shivdi, Prabhadevi and Worli.
• This part came to be known as Girangaon or ‘town of mills’.
• increasing unrest among workers was due to the economic conditions
in other sectors.
• the wages of the workers were increasing.
• getting more amounts as bonus.
• getting more facilities than the textile mill workers.

25. • In the Diwali of 1981, the workers expected to get a bonus of 20%.
• The Rashtriya Mill Mazdoor Sangh, which was
• Negotiating employerss, agreed upon 8 to 17% bonus.
• cut in the bonus be the cause of unrest.
• workers went to Dr DattaSamant asked him to accept their leadership.
• Workers of 65 mills came together and Dr Datta Samat led the strike.
• On 18th Januaryy 1982, two and a half lakh workers went on a strike.
• Girangaon mills stopped running making it seem like Mumbai’s

26. • Chief Minister of Maharashtra, Barrister A. R. Antulay set up a committee to solve this
issue.
• Later Babasaheb Bhosale became the Chief Minister of
• Maharashtra State.
• Dr Datta Samant demanded that the law be revoked.
• The striking workers received help from their native village.
• They set up departmental committees and distributed food grains, assistance in the
form of funds, etc. The
• Left parties had supported the strike.
• efforts were made to split the striking workers' ranks.
• strike completed 6 months, the central government completely ignored it.
• The workers started a ‘Jail Bharo Agitation’.
• In September 1982, one and a half lakh workers took a march on the Legislative
Assembly of Maharashtra State.
• The strike completed a year.
• This was the first strike to have gone on for a year.
• In this period, about one and a half lakh workers became unemployed.

27. • polyester come into greater demand than cotton cloth.
• sale of mill cloth got affected.
• mills moved from Mumbai to Surat in Gujarat.
• The Central government nationalised13 textile mills.
• Appointment of arbitrators did not help to resolve the issue.

28. NEW ECONOMIC POLICY
• The year 1991 is very important in the history of modern India. After the 10th
General
• Elections, P. V. Narasimha Rao became the Prime Minister of India.
• With Dr Manmohan Singh as Finance Minister, he adopted the new economic
policy of linking India’s economy with the global economy.
• fundamental changes were brought about in the Indian economy.
• Indian economy was brought in tune with the global mainstream.
• During this period, Indian economy was in a crisis situation.
• Earlier Chandraa Shekhar was the Prime Minister.
• During his tenure the rate of inflation was 17%.

29. • Economic growth rate had gone down by 1.1%.
• India had foreign exchange reserves only enough to last for imports for a week.
• become difficult to pay back its loan and even give the interest on it.
• In May 1991, the government had tried to control the situation by selling some of its
gold reserves and by mortgaging some.
• Before the Chandra Shekhar government, the V. P. Singh government had incurred a
liability of over 10 thousand crore rupees on the economy by waiving off the loans of all
farmers.
• The Proportion of internal loans of central and state governments together to the gross
Domestic Product was 55%.
• In 1980-81 foreign loan was 2350 crore dollars. It increased to 8380 crore dollars in
1990-91.
• India had foreign exchange reserves of only 100 crore dollars.
• This also had the background of the increased oil prices due to the invasion of Kuwait
by Iraq.
• It became difficult for India to raise a loan.
• the non-resident Indians started withdrawing their deposits in foreign currency from
India.

30. REMEDIES
• P. V. Narasimha Rao appointed Dr Manmohan Singh as Finance Minister in order
to find a way out of this situation.
• Dr Singh undertook many corrective measures. The situation began to change.
• He removed the restrictions on foreign investments.
• He restricted the licence system to 18 industries.
• increasing losses in the public sector industries, he opened up the public sector
for investment by private industries.
• he established the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) in 1992 to
control share markets.
• National Stock Exchange was computerised.
• He gave priority to remove the spectre of recession.

31. • Foreign Investment in India grew during the first tenure of Dr Manmohan Singh.
• India could recover the gold mortgaged with the Bank of England.
• The government got the support of the capitalist class as well as the middle class.
• government opened up the telecom sector, mobile phone services started all
over the country.
• Dr Manmohan Singh signed the agreement with the World Trade Organisation
and launched the policy of privatisation, liberalisation and globalisation.

32. World Trade Organisation
• In 1995, India became a member of the World Trade Organisation (WTO).
• organisation had the following objectives:
• to free trade between countries,
• to put to an end all those discriminatory laws, restrictions, rules and policies that
are hurdles in the way of international free trade,
• to regulate global trade with the help of a formal multi party mechanism.

33. • General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) existed at the international level
before the World Trade Organisation came into being.
• It regulated commerce.
• In India there were opposed, extreme views about the World Trade Organisation.
• India decided to take its membership.
• The provisions of the World Trade Organisation are regarding grants, import-
export, foreign investment, agriculture, technology and services.
• The sectors of electricity, water transportation, education and health rapidly
commercialised since India became a member of the World Trade Organisation.
• As per the various reports of the World Trade Organisation, India has made a
considerable improvement in different areas like reduction in the below poverty
line,
• (BPL) population, decline in infant mortality,
• availability of facilities regarding drinking
• water and waste water management.

34. • India signed the South Asian Preferential Trade Agreement (SAPTA) along the
lines of the World Trade Organisation.
• India removed the import restrictions on several commodities for SAARC
countries.
• India also gave discounts on import duties. India opened up the insurance sector
to private and foreign investment.
• In this way, we have learnt about the journey of India’s economy.
• We have come a long way from mixed economy to globalisation.
• In the next chapter, we are going to study India’s progress in other fields.

35. ACTIVITY
Go through this questions and answers.
Some questions are not there due to no updation
from the State Board Studies so we will consider
that part later. I will inform about that updation.
Still then go through the notes and study properly.
Stay home,Stay safe.

36. Describe the objective of the World Trade
Organization. [2/3M]
• In 1995, India became a member of the World Trade Organisation (WTO).
[1/2M]
• organisation had the following objectives:
• to free trade between countries, [1/2M] / [1M]
• to put to an end all those discriminatory laws, restrictions, rules and policies that
are hurdles in the way of international free trade. [1/2M] /[1M]
• to regulate global trade with the help of a formal multi party mechanism.
[1/2M]/ [1M]

37. Describe the 20 point programme. [5M]
• Prime Minister Indira Gandhi announced the 20-point programme on 1st July
1975. [1/2M]
• Land ceiling for cities and agricultural land, equal division of wealth, minimum
wages for workers, increase in water conservation schemes. [1M]
• Workers’ participation in industry, national training scheme, freeing bonded
labour. [1M]
• Prevention of tax evasion, economic crimes and smuggling. [1/2M]
• Regulation of prices of basic necessities, improvements in the public distribution
system. [1/2M]
• Improvement in the textile industry by developing handloom sector, waiving
loans for weaker sections, housing, communication facilities, making educational
equipment available to schools. [1M]

38. Describe the first year of five year system.
[3M/4M/5M]
• Implemented in 1951-1956. [1/2M]
• Focused on agriculture, social development [1/2M]
• irrigation and flood control, [1/2M]
• sources of energy, rural and small industries. [1/2M]
• transport and communication, [1/2M]
• education and health. [1/2M]
• consisted of measures to lay the foundations of planned economic
development.[1/2M]

39. Describe the second Five YearPlan. [3/4/5M]
• Implemented in 1956-1961. [1/2M]
• Main focus on industralisation. [1M]
• Led to increase in national income. [1/2M]
• Iron and steel industries were set up at Durgapur. [1/2M]
• Chemical fertilizer plant at Sindri. [1/2M]
• Rail engine and boggie factory a Perhambur. [1/2M]
• Ship building factory at Vishakapatanam. [1/2M]
• Huge dams were built. [1/2M]

40. Describe the Third Five Year Plan. [3/4/5M]
• Implemented in 1961-1966. [1/2M]
• Eliminationn of inequality in economic sector. [1/2M]/[1M]
• Balance between agriculture and industralisation. [1M]
• To increase the national income. [1/2M]
• Increasing opportunities for jobs. [1/2M]
• Invasion by China and war with Pakistan stressed the Indian economy.
[1/2M]
• Measures to tackle the effect of famine. [1/2M]
• Development of transport sector. [1/2M]

41. Describe the Fourth Five Year Plan. [3/4/5M]
• Implented in 1969-1974. [1/2M]
• Goal to make country self-sufficient. [1M]
• Speed the economic development. [1/2M]
• Development of Scientific research,health and family planning.[1/2M]
• Establishing socialistic pattern. [1/2M]
• 14 Banks were nationalised due to burden of Bangladesh war. [1M]
• Rise in prices of petrol in international market. [1/2M]

42. Describe the Fifth Five Year Plan. [3/4/5M]
• Implemented in 1974-1979. [1/2M]
• Making India economically self-sufficient allevating poverty. [1M]
• Laid to National interest. [1/2M]
• Supply educational, nutritious food and drinking water. [1/2M]
• Provide medical facilities. [1/2M]
• Development in agricultural,industrial, transport and communication sector.
[1/2M]
• The Janta party failed to adopt the system,but later the Congress party continued
this plan again. [1/2M]

43. Describe about the Mill workers srike in India.
[2/3/5M]
• Increasing unrest among workers was due to the economic conditions in other
sectors.
• The wages of the workers were increasing in other industry. [1/2M]
• Getting more amounts as bonus in other industry. [1/2M]
• getting more facilities than the textile mill workers. [1/2M]
• In the Diwali,the workers expected to get a bonus of 20%. [1/2M]
• The Rashtriya Mill Mazdoor Sangh,but agreed upon 8 to 17% bonus. [1/2M]
• cut in the Diwali bonus be the cause of unrest. [1/2M]
• workers went to Dr DattaSamant asked him to accept their leadership. [1/2M]
• Workers of 65 mills came together led the strike. [1/2M]

44. Describe the New economic policy / remedies
of Dr Manmohan Singh. [4/5M]
• Dr Manmohan Singh became the Finance minister of India. [1/2M]
• Brought fundamental change in economy.
• He removed the restrictions on foreign investments. [1/2M]
• He restricted the licence system to 18 industries. [1/2M]
• He opened up the public sector for investment by private industries. [1/2M]
• He established the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) in 1992 to
control share markets. [1/2M]
• He gave priority to remove the spectre of recession. [1/2M]
• He signed the agreement with the World Trade Organisation and launched the
policy of privatisation, liberalisation and globalisation. [1M]

45. Indian Economy during the tenure of Dr
Manmohan Singh. [2/3/4/5M]
•SAME ANSWER AS BEFORE CONSIDER THAT.

46. FILL IN THE BLANKS. [1M]
1)India adopts______type of economy.
(social,capital,mixed)
2)______introdues the economy in India.
. (Jawaharlal Nehru,Mahatma Gandhi,Sarojini Naidu)
3)The ______sector owned by government.
. (private,public,joint)
4)The_______sector owned by capatilist
(private,public,joint)
5)India introduce ____year plan system.
. (2,3,5)

47. • _____year focused on the agricultural and social sector. (First Five Year Plan)
• _____year focused on the industralisation. (Second Five Year Plan)
• _____year focused balanced between the agriculture and industralisation
(Third Five Year Plan).
• _____year focused to make the country self-sufficient. (Fourth Five Year Plan)
• Iron and Textile industries were set up at
____,_____&____.(Durgapur,Bhilai,Rourkela)
• Chemical fertilizer industries were set up at ______. (Sindri)
• Rail Engine were at ______. (Chittaranjan)
• Railway boggies factory we’re at ______.(Perhambur)
• Ship building factory at______. (Vishakapatanam)
• _____was a dam project in Punjab and Harayana. (Bhakra-Nangal)
• _____was a huge dam project. (Damodar)

48. • The government of India was nationalised the _____in 1995. (Imperial Bank)
• ______is converted into ______.(Imperial Bank ,State Bank of India)
• ___was a ____of private sector. (Banking,monoploy)
• 20 point programme was launched by____. (Indira Gandhi).
• The first textile Mill was started at ____in 11th July,1851 by _____.
(Mumbai,Kawasjee Dawar)
• The town of Mills is also known as ____. (Girgangaon)
• The strike of the workers was led by ____. (Dr.Datta Samant)
• Barrister A.R.Antulay was an ____ of Maharashtra State. (Chief Minister)
• Dr.Manmohan Singh was an ____. (Finance minister)
• Workers started _____ organization. (Jail Bharo Agitation)
• Workers were marched towards _____ of Maharashtra(Legistative
Assembly)
• ____replaced/in greater demand than cotton. ( Polyster)

49. • Mills were moved from _____ to ____. (Mumbai,Surat/Gujarat)
• The central government nationalised___mills. (13)
• _____became the Prime Minister in 1991./After 10th General Election _____
became the PM of India. (P.V.Narsimha Rao)
• During the government of Chandra Shekhar the tenure rate of inflation is ___.
(17%)
• the V. P. Singh government had incurred a liability of over____ on the economy
by waiving off the loans of all farmers. (10 thousand crore rupees)
• The increase in oil price was due to invansuon by ____by Iraq. (Kuwait)
• ______was reponsible for the fundamental change in Indian economy.
(Dr.Manmohan Singh)
• ______was introduced new economy policy. (Dr Manmohan Singh)
• Dr Manmohan Singh was established____ in 1992. (Securities and Exchange
Board of India (SEBI))

50. • Dr Manmohan Singh signed the agreement with the____ and launched the policy
of privatisation, liberalisation and globalisation. (World Trade Organization).
• India removed the import restrictions of several commodities for ____. ( SAARC)
• India signed the South Asian Preferential Trade Agreement (SAPTA) along the
lines of the World Trade Organisation.

51. What is economy and it’s types? [ 4/5M]
1)Economyy is the system where the economic activities occur. [1/2M]
2)There are 3 types of economy are public sector,private sector and joint
sector.
3)Public sector (Ex-). [1M]
4)Private sector (Ex-). [1M]
5)Joint sector. (Ex-). [1M]
6) Economy is based on activities as production,distribution,exchange,etc profits to
the nation. [1/2M]

52. What are the advantages /characteristics of mixed economy? [3/4M]
• To run smoothly coordination between private and public sector. [1M]
• Aims at maximisation of production on large scale. [1M]
• To bring the good aspects of both capatilist and socialist system. [1M]
• Accepts the profit,loss,enterprenuership, discipline,time bound planning,etc.
[1M]
• Large priority to national interest. [1M]

53. 3)What are the goals of the Five year plan system? [3/4/5M]
(1) Increase in the national income. [1M]
(2) Bring about rapid industrialisation. [1/2M]
(3) Bring about an increase in agricultural production so that the country becomes
self-sufficient in food grain production. [1/2M]
(4) Use the human resource in the country optimally by making increasing
employment opportunities available.
(5) Remove the inequality in earnings and wealth. [1/2M]
(6) Maintain stable prices of commodities.
(7) Bring the growth in population under control by family planning.
(8) Improve the standards of living. [1/2M]
(9) Develop social services. [1/2M]
(10) Make the economy self-sufficient. [1M]