SOLIDE WASTE in Cameroon,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.pptx
02 pm pexam-initiating
1. Confidentia
Exam Preparation
Initiating Process Group
2. Confidentia
Unit Objectives
• At the end of this unit, you will be able
Exam to:
Preparation
– Perform project assessment
– Develop the project charter
– Obtain approval for the charter (from the
sponsor and customer)
– Perform key stakeholder analysis
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3. Confidentia
Initiating the Project
The formal recognition that
Exam – a new project or the next phase of an
Preparation
existing project, should begin
– resources may be committed to the
project
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4. Confidentia Step 1.
Performing Project Assessment
Exam i. Identifying needs and demands (market
Preparation demand, organizational need, customer request,
technological advance, legal requirement, ecological
impact, social need)
ii. Conducting a feasibility study (is viable,
probability of success, technical issues)
iii. Selecting a project
Conducted by a steering committee
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5. Confidentia
Project selection methods
Mathematical Benefit Measurement
models methods
Exam
Preparation •Linear •Cost-benefit analysis
•Dynamic •Scoring models
•Integer (weighted criteria)
•Nonlinear •Cash flow analysis
techniques
•Multi-objective
programming
s…
Constrained Decision models,
na optimization methods, Comparative approach
K no w
use form of algorithms
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6. Confidentia
Cash flow analysis techniques
• Payback period
– time to recoup funds invested
Exam – Choose project with the quickest payback
Preparation • Discounted cash flows
– PV = (FV) / (1+interest)n
– Choose projects with the highest return
• Net present value (NPV)
– Value of the project in today’s money, determines project’s
ROI : NPV = PVrevenues – PVcosts
– Choose projects with NPV >0
• Internal rate of return (IRR)
– Discount rate when PV of cash inflows equals the original
investment
– Choose projects with the highest IRR
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7. Confidentia Step 2. Defining the high-level
Project Scope
Exam
• Based on business and compliance
Preparation
requirements
• Documented in the project charter
• Elaborated and defined as the project
moves into the Planning process
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8. Confidentia Step 3. Identify high-level Risks,
Assumptions, Constraints
Exam • Based on the existing environment,
Preparation
historical information, expert judgment
• Documented in project charter
• Expanded in the planning process
group by working out the granular
details
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9. Confidentia
Exam
Step 4. Developing the project
Preparation
Charter
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10. Confidentia
What is a Project Charter?
A document that:
– Formally initiates the project
Exam
Preparation – Provides the project manager with the authority
to apply organizational resources to project
activities
– Needs gathering and analyzing stakeholders
requirements
– Leads the way for properly identifying project &
product scope, milestones, deliverables
– Links the project to the ongoing work of the
organization
– Issued by a sponsor not the PM
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11. Confidentia
Inputs : Project Statement of Work
(SOW)
Exam
Preparation • Is created by the customer / sponsor
• Contains : business needs, product or
service scope description, strategic
plan
• In external projects can be part of a bid
document (request for proposal, request
for information, request for bid, part of a
contract)
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12. Confidentia
Inputs: Business case
• Its purpose is to
Exam – understand the business need
Preparation
– determine whether the investment is worthwhile
• Contains
– Business need, special requirements, alternative
solutions, expected results
• Typically it is justified by a cost-benefit
analysis
• It is periodically reviewed to ensure that the
project is on track and still required
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13. Confidentia
Inputs: Contract
• Applicable only for external projects
Exam
Preparation
• Documents
– the conditions under which the project will
be executed
– the time frame
– the description of the work
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14. Confidentia
Enterprise Environmental Factors
• Organizational or • Personnel
company culture and administration (hiring
Exam structure and firing guidelines)
Preparation
• Governmental or • Stakeholder risk
industry standards tolerances
• Infrastructure (existing • Commercial
facilities and capital information databases
equipment) • PMIS (Project
• Existing human Management
resources Information System)
• Marketplace conditions • Company work
authorizations system
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15. Confidentia
Organizational Process Assets
Includes two broad categories:
Exam 1. Organization’s processes and
Preparation
procedures for conducting work
2. Organizational corporate knowledge
base for storing and retrieving
information (historical info, lessons
learned, templates)
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16. Confidentia
T&T: Expert Judgment
• Sources of experts:
Exam – Other units within the organization
Preparation
– Consultants
– Stakeholders
– Professional and technical associations
– Industry groups
– Subject matter experts (SMEs)
– Project Management Office (PMO)
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17. Confidentia
Output: the Project Charter
• The first official project document which contains:
– Project purpose or justification
Exam
Preparation – Deliverable & related success criteria
– High-level of risks
– Summary milestone schedule
– Summary budget
– Project approval requirements (what contributes
project success, who decides the project is successful,
who signs off on the project)
– Assigned project manager, responsibility,
authority level
– Name and authority of the sponsor or other
person(s) authorizing the project charter
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18. Confidentia Step 5. Obtaining project charter
approval
• Project charter isn’t complete until
Exam sign-off has been received from
Preparation
– Project sponsor
– Senior management
– Key stakeholders
• Last step : publishing or distributing
the charter
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19. Confidentia
Step 6. Identify Stakeholders
Exam
Preparation
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20. Confidentia
Who are stakeholders?
• People or organizations who have a
Exam vested interest in the outcome of the
Preparation
project
• They have something to either gain or
lose as a result of the project
• They have the ability to influence
project results
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21. Confidentia
T&T : Stakeholders analysis
1. Identify all potential stakeholders and
Exam capture general info about them
Preparation
2. Identify the potential impact or support
each may have to the project, then classify
them according to impact so that you can
devise a strategy to deal with them.
3. Assess their reaction, this will help you
manage them
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22. Confidentia
Stakeholders grid
High
Exam • Power / Interest
Preparation (level of authority / level Keep Manage
of concern)
Satisfied closely
• Power / Influence
(ability to impose their
will / involvement)
• Influence / Impact
Monitor Keep
(active involvement /
ability to affect (min effort) Informed
changes)
Low High
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23. Confidentia
Outputs:
1. Stakeholder register
Exam • Identification info
Preparation
• Assessment info
• Stakeholder classification
2. Stakeholder management strategy
• Approach to increase support and
minimize obstacles
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24. Confidentia
Exam Preparation
Initiating Process Group
Practice Questions