production technology of House/Indoor plants by Hemanthgowda.V.k and Sandeep TAMAKA

2. “These plants are grown under shade conditions and their
display in living rooms”
“the art of utilisation of these plants is known as indoor
gardening”.
It is cheap and best method of house decoration

3. Mode of Indoor Gardening
Plant can be grown in
individual pots and keep them
in appropriate places in
house.
Plants can also be grown in
bottles, dishes or any other
containers and display them
on stands or window or in
hanging baskets etc.

5. Beaufication of home
Table CentrepieceBrighen Up Window Areas

6. Palms and Tree
Type Shrubs

7. Indoor Air Quality
Removal of toxins from the
environment

8. Health and Well-being
 Improves health in a variety of ways:
• The removal of toxins from the air and renewed oxygen
• There has been significant studies and research done that suggests a
persons health during an illness is improved quicker.
• Gardening is therapeutic, and that extends to houseplants, too.
• Gardening is a great and relaxing hobby.
• Some people grow vegetables and herbs indoors to save money.
• And, simply, indoor plants make us feel good

9. Medicinal Purposes
• Plants such as echinachea, chamomile , peppermint, Aloe vera
and many others are reported to improve or help various
health conditions.
• While some house plants are toxic for humans and pets to
consume, others offer various health benefits.

10. SELECTION OF INDOORS PLANTS
 Growth Characters:-
 Compact growing plants of both flowering and foliage.
 But foliage plants are preferred as they provide permanent display
with foliage & leaf shapes.
 Have the capacity to tolerate varied degrees of light, tamperature
and humidity.
 Remain evergreen
 Mostly easy-to-grow
 Low maintenance

11. Planters, Pots and Plant Containers
2 TYPES OF POTS
 Porous pots are usually clay and are highly recommended because
they provide better aeration as air passes laterally through the sides
of the pot.
 Non-porous pots such as glazed or plastic pots tend to hold moisture
longer and restrict airflow
 Selection is a matter of personal taste, the type of plants and the
area or space your have available.
 There are indoor planters ,outdoor planters and window planters.
 Flower planter are made of all sorts of materials, including ceramic,
clay, plastic, glass, metal and wood.

12. Earthern pots Plastic pots
Cement pots Wooden pots

13. Window planters

14. A good planter ?
 Has bottom holes for drainage of excess water.
 There should be a saucer underneath, to capture excess water.
 Durable

15. AGLAONEMA
C.N- Chinese evergreen
Plants having erect habit with long,
slender pointed leaves with depressed
lateral veins and corrugated
appearance.

16. ANTHURIUM
• Valued for ornamental leaves and
colourful spathes which are rigid and
waxy.
Important species and varieties
are
 A. andrianum- Leaves are lond lobed,
heart shaped, green in colour and are
very long. Spathe is waxy and red.

17. A. crystallinum
Leaves are large, beautiful, heart shaped
and green with contrasting white veins.
Spathe is green and linear
A digitatum

18.  For cultivation, the compost should be porous consisting of 1
part of soil, 2 part of leaf mould, 1 part each of well rotted cow
manure and lime is recommended.

19. RED DRACAENA
B.N.-Cordyline sp. Family: Liliaceae
 It has many varieties differing in shades,
intensity of colour, shapes and sizes of
leaves.
 The plants remain colourful in
semishade. Direct exposure to sun
causes scorching whereas dense shade
results into dull colour.

20. Aphelandra spp.
C .N- Zebra plant, Fiery spike
Aphelandra aurantiaca
 Plants are erect and leaves ovate,
smooth, green gray in vein area.
Aphelandra suriantiaca

21. Asparagus
• It is another common plant
grown in pots for ornamental
foliage.
 Important species are
• A. plumosus: It is commonly
called as ‘Fern Asperagus’.
Plants have thin wiry stem and
fern like rich green fronds.

22. • A. densiflorus ‘Myers’- It is
showy plant dense with stiffly
erect, plume like branches,
dense needle like ‘foliage’ is
rich green. tuberous rooted

23. Scindapsus aureus
• It is commonly called as
‘Pothos’ or ‘Money
plant’ or “Devils ivy’ and
is quite commonly grown
plant.
• Leaves are ovate, waxy,
green with yellow
variegation in some
varieties
 It can climb up with the help of aerial rootlets.

24. Begonia rex
• Rex Begonias are grown for the beautiful foliage and prefer a moist
atmosphere and shady situation.
• Direct sun burns the leaves and wet soil cause rotting of the rhizome.
• The soil for such plants should be very porous and consists of 2 part
of leaf mould 1 part each of soil and sand.

25. Ribbon plant/ Spider plant
 B.N.-Chlorophytum comosun ‘variegatam’
 It has large rosettes of arching, green, linear leaves having white
margins. Long racemes appear from the center with first flower, then
develop tufts, of leaves with aerial roots.

26. Caladium hortulanum
 It is tuberous herb. Leaves are larger pellet
heart shaped and mostly beautifully marked
in many colors and patterns.
 In summer months the plants require
shade but in the monsoon they should be
exposed to more light in order to form a
well shaped plant and prominent colour.
 The corms remain dormant in winter and
sprouting starts in early summer.

27.  The important varieties of which
are
Ace of Heart, Bleeding Heart,
Cinderella, Fire Chief, June Bride, Key
Stone,

28. Coleus blumei
• It is beautiful foliage
plant, which makes a
garden in itself.
• These are prized for
their richly coloured
leaves of different sizes
in different patterns.

29.  Important varieties are –
Rainbow
Red and Sunset
The Chief
Pyreness Gold
Majesty
Frilled Fantasy
Christmas Cheer

30. Diffenbachia spp.
• C.N: Dumbcane
• Diffenbachia consists of very popular
and hardy shade loving plants
commonly used in pots for indoor
decoration they grow quickly have
variegated leaves are very attractive.

31. CROTONS
B. N- Codiaeum variegatum
 It is valued for its colorful ornamental
foliage. Shapes of leaves vary from ovate
to linear, entire or lobed, flat or twisted.
 Young and emerging leaves are green to
yellow and later on colorful changes
according to varietal characteristics.
 The important varieties
Beautiful Lady, Day Spring, Duke of
Windsor, Golden Ring, Imperials, Indian
Headdress, Jungle Queen, King George

32. Episia
 B.N- E. cuperata
 The plants are prostrate and creeping
habit and ideal for hanging baskets.
 The leaves are oval and metallic
coppery marked thick soft hairy in
nature.

33. • It require a moist climate and semi shade.
• Stolon's produce plants at the
node which are separated for
multiplication.

34. RUBBER PLANT
• B.N-Fiscus elastica
• Though it grows into a large tree, a small plants in pots are favorite
house plants.
• Leaves are large deep green and shining, the growing tip is covered
with red.
Uses
 Potted plants,
 Shrubbery,
 Rock garden
 Specimen plant in the lawn.

35. Important species
• F. benzumia var. Goldiana: Leaves yellow in colour.
• F. benzumina var. Nuda: Leaves green and small in size.
• F. bensumina var. Golden Ring: Leaves dull green with cream
coloured ring in the outer edges.

36. Fittonia sp
• Plants are small growing low and foliage is ornamental which is known
for their beauty of network of veins.
• F. argyroneura: It is a creeping herb with flat, papery, oval leaves
green with white veins.
• F. versehaffeltii ‘pearcei’: Leaves are thin-papery with rose-pink veins.

37.  The plants grow well in porous soil under damp conditions.
 One part each of sandy soil and leaf mould will constitute porous
compost suitable for fittonia.

38. ENGLISH IVY
• B.N: Hedera helix
• It is commonly called as “Aglerian
Ivy”.
• Leaves are broadly ovate and
shallowly lobed.
• H. canariensis ‘variegata’ commonly
known as ‘Ghost tree’ is very
effective with variegated leaves.

39. Maranta sp.
• It is grown for its ornamental foliage.
• It is herbaceous dwarf plants and
compact growth habit.
• Suitable for cultivation under shade or
partial shade.
• Plants produce tuber and or crown
during rainy season.

40. CARIMEN
• B.N: Monstera sp.
• Important species is
M. deliciosa.
• It is a tree climber and produce aerial
roots.
• Stem is woody and has nodes very
closely. Leaves are large, green
pinnately cut and has nodes very
closely.
• Leaves are large, green deliciosa
‘veriegata’ has white spotted leaves.

41. PELLONIA
• Family: Utricaceae
• It is a creeping herb with showy
foliage.
• It grows in a shady moist
situation.
• Pellonias are grown in Pots,
hanging baskets or trail on
rocks in a shady rockery or the
green house
• propagated by division of
cutting.

42. Aehmea sps.
• It is a beautiful indoor plant, colorful
flowers appear in large inflorescence from
crown of the plants.
• Leaves are ligulate or sword likes margins
• It is very good for potted plant.
• The plants require moderate shade.

43. • B. N- Pilea macrophylla
• It is commonly called as ‘Artillery
plant’ because it discharges a cloud
of pollen.
• Plant is small, densely branched
with sub-erect fleshy stems.
• Leaves are green, small and oblong.
• It makes excellent pot plant,
suitable for hanging baskets
rockeries in shade

44.  P. cadierei: It is commonly called as ‘Aluminum plant’.

45. Phillodendron Sp.
• Family: Araceae.
• There is a great variation in
leaf shape, size, colour.
• It includes many useful
climbers grown for foliage,.
• shady place is ideal for the
growth of these plants
• can grow all types of porous
soil.

46. Spathiphylum cannaefolium
• Family: Araceae
• These are evergreen
perennial herbs, like green
plants like the shade.
• They grow rapidly and form
clumps from an underground
root stock.
• Leaves large, elliptic, fresh
green, short thick spadix is
white, spathe broad leathery
cream white turning green
beneath with age.

47. FACTORS EFFECTING GROWTH OF
INDOOR PLANTS
1. Light
 It is a very important factor for cultivation of indoor plants
 In general house plants should be provided with artificial illumination
using florescent red or blue light which are refereed as plants lights or
Agro lights.
2. Temperature
 Most of the indoor requires a min night temp-180C and a day temp
of 240 C for their better survival.
 Perform well as a temp, range of 15-300C.

48. 3. Humidity
 Indoor plants require higher humidity for their growth &
development.
 They can be maintained by sprinkling water on the foliage of the
plant or
 Keeping the pot in other empty pot and packing the surrounding
space with sand & sphagnum mass which will be kept moist by
sprinkling water.

49. GROWING MEDIA
 Sphagnum moss
 Vermiculite
 Perlite
 Charcoal
 Leaf mould
 Compost (decomposed cow dung)
 Wood ash
 FYM
 Coco pith
 Sand
 Soil

50. Cultivation Practices
• Are similar to the plants grown for out door conditions, but
for indoor gardening plants must be raised shade condition
from the beginning it self.
• Once they attain the full growth shift them to indoors and
handle them careful for 1 to two weeks till they adjust to the
new environment.
• Whenever possible they should be kept out doors for one or
two days under shady conditions.

52. METHOD OF
PROPAGATION
PLNATS
1. Cutting
A. Tip Cutting - English Ivy, Carimen, Artillary Plant,
Phillodendron, Money Plant, Aglonema, Asparagus, Croton,
Coleus.
B. Nodel Cutting- Carimen, Phillodendron,money Plant,
Aglonema.
C. Softwood Cutting- Dracaena, Artillary Plant, Coleus.
D. Leaf Vain Cutting- Begonia Rex.
E. Leaf Petiole Cutting- Begonia Rex.
F. Cane cutting- Dieffenbachia
2. Layering
a) Simple/Compound Layering- English Ivy
b) Air Layering- Red Dracaena, Croton, Ficus Elastica, Croton.
3. Corms Caladium

53. 4. Rhizomes Heliconia, Asparagus, Aphelandra
5. Division Of Suckers Heliconia, Phillodendron, Aglonema, Anthurium,
Aspragus, Aechmea, Begonia Rex,
Ribbon Plant, Caladium.
6. Division Of Clump Spathiphylum
7. Tubers Maranta
8. Seed Coleus, Croton
9. Stolon Episia
10. Offset Aloe Vera

54. Tip Cutting Nodel Cutting
Softwood Cutting-

55. Cane cutting-Leaf Vain Cutting-
Leaf Petiole Cutting-

56. Corms Rhizomes
Division Of Suckers

57. Simple/Compound Layering-
Air Layering-

58. Division Of Clump
Stolon
Tubers

59. Offset
Seed

60. Fertilizing Houseplants
 Indoor plants grow much more slowly than outdoor plants so, it need
less fertilizer.
 How and when to fertilize
 As the nutrients in the pot or container begins to be depleted, you will
need to begin fertilizing your houseplants.
 Application of fertilizer is depends on on the growth .
 in general, fertilize houseplants once or twice a month.
 Use a liquid fertilizer or fertilizer spikes, having a slow release nature.

61. Watering Plants
 Both under-watering and over-
watering can be detrimental to a
houseplant.
 While many plants needs vary, in
general, keep soil moist, but not
wet.
 Apply water to the point that it
drains through the pot and out the
openings in the bottom of the pot.
 This helps to remove excess fertilizer
and salt that can build up in the soil.

62. Re-potting
 Once you know the foliage from the cutting has started to
grow well enough (new growth on stem tips or plantlets for
leaf cuttings), it's time for it to be placed in it's new pot which
should be around 2 - 4 inches wide.
 With leaf cuttings the parent leaf will need to be removed
from the plantlet before re-potting.

63. Maintenance of House Plants
 Dust may be deposited on the leaves of the
house plant which makes the plant look dull
and also it may close its stomata and interfere
with exchange of gases.
 The leaves are wiped with wet cloth or sponge
or sprayed with water to remove dust.
 Any dead leaves or rotting plants are removed
before the problem spreads to other plants.
 If,Pest and disease seen, apply a general
pesicide & fungicide to reduce spread of the
disease.

64. PALMS
 “Un-branched, columnar trunk, at the end of which there is a spreading
canopy of pinnate leaves”.
 For decorating entrance of house, veranda, Stair cases
 Useful as potted plant for decoration purpose.
 Propagation: All most all palms are propagated by seeds and in some cases
offsets in separation of branching palm.
IMPORTANT HOUSE HOLD PALMS:
1) Chinese Fan Palm
2) Ornamental Areca
3) Fish Tail Palm
4) Traveler’s Palm
5) Windmill Palm.

66. FERNS
 These are remarkable for the beauty of gracefulness of their foliage.
 There is a wonderful variation is size, habit and appearance of the
species.
 USES OF FERNS:
 Grown in pots or generally used in indoor decoration .
 Used as filler plants in a group of flowering plants.
 The fronds are mixed with cut flower in bouquet preparation &
vases.
 Grown in hanging baskets for hanging them in corridor or veranda.
 They require very light, pours organic matter rich media with good
quantity of lime in it.

67.  Propagation is generally by means of their spores.
 IMPORTANT GENERA IN FERN
 Nephrolepsis- sword ladder fern(hanging baskets)
 Platyecerium- staghorn fern
 Alsopenium- Bird’s nest fern

68. BONSAI
“ Bonsai is an art of growing trees, plants proportionately in
smaller containers occasionally in combination with rocks of many
forms, by treating them with certain technique in order to reproduce
in miniature appearances found in nature”.
Characteristics of plants suitable for Bonsai
1. The plant should be hardy.
2. The trunk should develop a natural appearance.
3. The branches should grow in natural but artistic forms.
4. The miniature plant showing seasonal variations in growth and
flowering is a very interesting feature of bonsai.
5. Plants of low height and strong trunk, thick at the base .

69.  Plant species suitable for bonsai
1. Trees: Bombax malbaricum, Butea monosperma, F. reliogiosa
Delonix regia, etc.
2. Shrubs: Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Hamelia patens,Carisa caranda,
Bougainvillea sps.,, Schfflera arborícola.
3. Climbers: Hiptage madhablata, Golden shower, Morning glory.
 Potting time: The preferred time for bonsai and bonsai material is
early in the growing (Spring) season.
 Soil: General compost containing 2 part leaf mould, 1 part sand and 1
part soil is ideal for bonsai formation
 Containers: The container for bonsai must be having good drainage
holes besides adequate to house the plant.

70. SPECIAL OPERATIONS IN BONSAI
 Pruning: Pruning is essential operations used in restricting the size
and retains the shape of bonsai.
 Time: Pruning may be done when the plant awakening from
dormancy.
 Leaf trimming: This is done to stimulate the growth of new fine
twigs, thereby increasing the foliage and also reducing the size of the
leaves.
 Wiring: Main objective of wiring is to get desired shape of the bonsai,
it is necessary to train and shape it by means of external support,
using a copper or aluminum wire.

71. Repotting technique bonsai
 First one must get right compost mixtures especially for bonsai plants
available in the nurseries or garden shops.
 Generally, the preparation for bonsai is made up of clay or graded
soil, sand and humus.
 Compost for bonsai prepared by mixing two parts of peat, one part of
clayey soil, two parts of sand and five parts of peat.

73. SUCCULENTS

74. SUCCULENTS
• In botany, succulent plants, also known as succulents or
sometimes fat plants.
• Are plants having some parts that are more than normally
thickened and fleshy, usually to retain water in arid climates
or soil conditions.
• Succulents like the dry humidity and warm conditions found in
most homes, and while they like direct light, they can adapt to
lower light.
• They all prefer a fast-draining potting medium that's not watered
too often.

75. Burro's Tail (Sedum morganianum)
• Burro's tail is shown to its best advantage planted in a hanging basket.
Overlapping, gray-green or gray-blue leaves grow up to 3 feet long.

76. Crown of Thorns (Euphorbia milii)
• crown of thorns can bloom year-round if given enough light. Long,
spoon-shape leaves appear at the ends of spiky branches, along with
clusters of tiny flowers.

77. Hens-and-Chicks (Sempervivum
tectorum or Echeveria elegans)
• Two succulent plants share the common name of hens-and-chicks.
They're closely related but look different. Both produce "chicks" --
small, identical plants that are slightly offset from the mother (the
hen)

78. Medicine Plant (Aloe vera)
• The healing sap of this familiar medicinal plant has been used for
centuries to treat wounds and sunburn.

79. Panda Plant (Kalanchoe tomentosa)
• Pincushions form a group of about 200 species of ball-shape cacti that
are among the most common cacti grown in the home. Most hail from
Mexico, where they grow in full sun. Pincushion cacti can remain small
and may take the form of single balls or clumps, often flowering indoors.

80. Snake plant (Sansevieria trifasciata)
• pointed leaves grow with patterned markings
reminiscent of a snake.

81. • What is vertical garden?
• A green wall is a wall, either free-standing or part of a building, that is
partially or completely covered with vegetation and, in some cases,
soil or an inorganic growing medium.
• A vertical garden has to be taken in the literal sense: a garden
projected against a wall. With numerous plants as the lines and
content of a design on canvas. Plant roots grow no longer in earth, but
in geotextile on a wall.

82. • Exposure and outlook.
• The presence of flowers / berries etc.
• •Depth and rate of root growth and
• size of root ball.
• •Plant height.
• •Growth habits (which varieties could overrun your space).
• •Thorns and toxicity to children •and pets.

83. • Phylodendron,
• Syngonium,
• Peperomia,
• Money plant,
• English Ivy,
• Boston Ivy.
• Nasturtium,
• Begonia,
• Bougainvillea,
• Honeysuckle,
• Wisteria,
• Trumpet Creeper.

84. • Petunias
• Nasturtiums
• Wisteria
• Daisies
• Ferns
• Bromeliads
• Orchids
• Alyssums
• Violets
• Korean Box
• Sedum

85. Benefits of Vertical Garden Systems
• Beauty
• Improve air quality and cool the home
• Easier plant care and maintenance
• Easier harvesting
• Space-saver
• natural surplus value
• Improved physical and mental health and
well-being.