The document defines and describes various materials, methods, and equipment used in construction. It includes definitions and descriptions of items like air barrier paper, different types of roof vents, backhoes, batter boards, types of brick bonds, brick sizes, bulldozers, types of cladding, code requirements for windows and stairs, concrete joints, concrete masonry units, decorative concrete blocks, types of doors, electrical components, framing elements, front end loaders, gypsum board, heat pumps, types of insulation, lintels, types of mortar, oriented strand board, plumbing components, plywood, radiant barriers, rebar, steep roof drainage features, steep roof materials, steep roof shapes,
2. Air Barrier Paper A material that is permeable to water vapor but not to liquid water or air. This air barrier is protecting the structure against weather and air, and it seals all of the joints on the exterior of a house. It acts as the skin of the house.
3. Attic Ventilation Soffit Vent- used to allow air to flow into the attic or the space below the roof sheathing. Gable Vent- used to exhaust excess heat and humidity from an attic.
4. Roof Turbine- needed to replace hot air from the attic using outside wind. Ridge Vent- allows air to circulate in and out of a gable roof at the ridge.
5. Backhoe 32 in. The backhoe is used to dig and excavate the earth in order to lay plumbers pipes and various kinds of materials. Also used to completely alter elevations and move dirt in massive quantities. The Backhoe is a piece of excavating equipment consisting of a digging bucket on the end of a two-part arm.
6. Batter Boards A temporary frame built just outside the corner of an excavation to carry marks that lie on the surface planes of the basement that will be built in the excavation.
9. Brick Bonds Soldiers Running Bond- A brick bond where each brick is laid over the half of two bricks so that the seams do not line up. Rowlocks
10. Sailors Headers Stretcher Rowlocks Flemish Bond- a brick bond that is stretcher, header, stretcher, header, etc.
11. Brick Sizes Modular Brick 3 5/8 x 2 ¼ x 7 5/8 Closure Standard Brick 3 5/8 x 3 5/8 x 8
12. Bulldozer A Bulldozer is a crawler equipped with a large metal bucket used to push large quantities of soil, sand, rock, etc. during the construction process.
13. Cladding Wood Shingles Wood Shingles- wood siding that is sawn, has an even and consistent texture. Wood Shakes- wood siding that is split, has very rough and uneven texture.
15. Code Requirements Window egress from each bedroom - A minimum clear opening of 5.7 square feet - If it’s on the ground floor, a minimum of 5.0 square feet -Minimum clear opening height of 24” - Minimum clear opening width of 20” -Bottom of clear opening not more than 44” AFF IBC Requirements Open Area: 3 ½ x 2 ½ ft. Area: 8.75 sq ft Floor to Sill: 24 in. 24 in 3 ½ ft 2 ½ ft This window meets all of the requirements stated by the IBC because all of the measurements are within the given range.
16. Tread: 10 ¾ in Riser: 7 ¼ in IBC Requirements Maximum riser dimensions: 7 ¾ in Minimum tread dimensions: 10 in This stair meets the IBC requirements because the riser is less than 7 ¾ in and the tread is more than 10 in. 7 ¼ in 10 ¾ in
17. Concrete Joints Control Joint- a joint intentionally formed in a structure or component to create a plane of weakness for cracking so it doesn’t happen anywhere else. Isolation Joint- completely isolates the forces of shrinking and expanding within a foundation of a column, drain pipe, etc., from the rest of the slab and foundation. This isolation joint is isolating the column from the rest of the slab, thus taking pressure off the slab around the column.
18. Concrete Masonry Unit CMU- a block of hardened concrete with or without hollow cores, designed to be laid in the same manner as brick or stone. CMUs are easily and economically manufactured in an unending variety of surface patterns, textures, and colors intended for exposed use in interior and exterior walls. The most common block size is nominally 8” x 8” x 16”. The actual size of the block is 7 5/8” x 7 5/8” x 15 5/8”. 1= 3 Two Different Size CMUs
20. Doors Transom- A small window located above a door that allows light into the structure Sidelight- A tall narrow window alongside a door. Exterior Flush Door
21. Panel Stile Top Rail Lock Rail Bottom Rail Exterior Panel Door
22. Electrical Components Underground Transformer Box- a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through inductively coupled conductors. Service Panel- Divides an electrical power feed into subsidiary circuits, while providing a protective fuse or circuit breaker for each circuit Service head- facilitates routing the electrical service cable or conduit assembly to minimize a negative aesthetic impact of the electrical service cable or conduit assembly against the structure.
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24. Framing Elements Sill Plate #2 Anchor Bolt #1 Floor Joist #3 Sub Flooring #4 Sole Plate #5
27. Front End Loader An engineering vehicle that is primarily used to load material such as: asphalt, demolition debris, dirt, gravel, logs, etc. into or onto another type of machinery such as a dump truck or conveyer belt. A front end loader differs from a bulldozer in the fact that it does not just move material, it can pick it up as well. It is different from a backhoe because it moves a greater amount of material in a smaller range of motion.
28. Gypsum Board An interior facing panel consisting of a gypsum core sandwiched between paper faces; also called drywall or plasterboard.
29. Heat Pump Advantage – heat pumps are quick to respond Disadvantage – heat pumps are noisy and bulky. Compresser/Condenser- draws outside air in and turning it to either hot or cold air that circulates the structure. Air Handling Unit- brings in and circulates the hot or cold air that is extracted from the air or from water before it is dispensed into the structure.
30. Insulation This blanket insulation is installed in the ceiling of a basement. The purpose of this insulation is too keep the air from the basement from reaching the rest of the house and to keep the air from the house from reaching the basement. The purpose of this rigid board insulation is to prevent or slow down the passage of air from one part of the building to another.
31. This loose fill insulation is installed in an attic. It is used to keep the air from the attic from reaching the rest of the house. It is also used to keep the air from the house from escaping through to the attic. Foamed insulation is chemically applied to a surface and it binds to it within seconds. Foamed insulation fills in all gaps and open spaces because it expands on the surface it is applied on.
32. Lintel Lintel- a beam that carries the load of a wall across a window or door opening
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35. Oriented Strand Board OSB Board – A nonveneered panel product composed of long shreds of wood fiber oriented in specific directions and bonded together under pressure when manufactured.
36. Plumbing Lavatory - drainage pipe is 1 ½”. Water Closet- drainage pipe is 3”.
37. Vent Through Roof (VTR) – admits air into the drain waste vents to prevent negative pressure and emit fumes. Manufactured shower/tub Plumbing Roof Vent Undermount sink
38. Plywood Veneer- a thin layer, sheet, or facing Plywood- A wood panel composed of an odd number of layers of wood veneer bonded together under pressure.
39. Radiant Barrier Radiant Barrier – a reflective foil placed adjacent to an airspace in roof or wall assemblies as a deterrent to the passage of infrared energy. Reflects 97% of the heat from the outside of the structure
40. Rebar The deformations rolled into the surface of a rebar help it to bond tightly to concrete and to other pieces of rebar. This rebar is 3/8” in diameter therefore it is # 3rebar.
41. Steep Roof Drainage Splash block – A small precast block of concrete or plastic used to divert water at the bottom of a downspout. Gutter – A channel that collects rainwater and snowmelt at the eave of a roof. Downspout – A vertical pipe for conducting water from a roof to a lower level.
42. Steep Roof Materials Shingle – A small unit of water resistant material nailed in overlapping fashion with many other such units to render a wall or sloping roof watertight. Underlayment – a layer of waterproof material such as building felt between roof sheathing and roofing. Protects the building from precipitation before the roofing is applied, and provides a second layer of defense to back up the roofing.
45. Steep Roof Terms Valley – A trough formed by the intersection of 2 roof slopes Building Without a Fascia Fascia- The exposed vertical surface of an eave.
46. Eave – The horizontal edge at the low side of a sloping roof. Rake – The sloping edge of a steep roof Ridge – The level intersection of 2 roof planes in a gable roof. Fascia – The exposed vertical surface of an eave. Soffit – The undersurface of a horizontal element of a building, especially the underside of a stair or a roof overhang.
48. Vapor Retarder The Vapor Retarder is commonly placed in between the studs on the inside of the house covering the insulation from the inside. The vapor retarder is placed facing the inside of the house. A Vapor Retarder obstructs the passage of water vapor through a building assembly.
49. Waterproofing Waterproofing – prevents water from penetrating through the foundation and walls of the structure which could result in a weak foundation. Loosely Laid (Sheet) Waterproofing Membranes – may be less susceptible to failure due to movement or cracking of the substrate. Since movement of the substrate is less likely to transmit stress into the membrane.
50. Weep Hole Small openings left in the outer wall of masonry construction as an outlet for water inside a building to move outside the wall and evaporate.
51. Welded Wire Fabric Welded Wire Fabric is a grid of steel rods that are welded together, and used to reinforce a concrete slab. The grid measurements on this type of welded wire fabric is ¼ x ¼ in.
52. Windows Double Hung Window – The window is a double hung window because two of the panes can slide in an up and down direction.
53. Casement Window- similar to an awning window in that it is opened by a crank. A casement window swings open from the side. Sliding Window- this sliding window, like all sliding windows, does not open outwards or inwards. It may have one or two sliding components but they only slide back and forth on a track.