1. EMPLOYEE SAFETY &
HEALTH
• Importance of Safety and Health
• Occupational Safety and Health Act, 1994
• What cause accidents?
• How to prevent accidents?

2. DEFINITION OF TERMS
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 Health is defined as the state of physical well being of a worker
or an employee.
 Safety is a condition in which the physical well-being of people is
protected.
 Safety is defined as absent of danger.
 Danger is defined as exposure to a hazard.
 Hazard is anything with the potential to cause harm or damage.
a) Chemical Hazard d) Ergonomics Hazard
b) Physical Hazard e) Psychological Hazard
c) Biological Hazard
 Security is protection of employees and organizational facilities.
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3. IMPORTANCE OF SAFETY & HEALTH
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 Decrease staff turnover & maintain work harmony
 Having a safe & conducive working place
 Reduce cost of injuries & illness, medical & hospitalization cost
 Minimal property & equipment damage / lost
 Fewer stoppage / production delays, higher output, better quality of
product / services
 Minimizes penalties through compliance with the laws & regulations
 Avoid / reduce times, liability suit & penalty from authorities
 Avoid tarnishing & damaging organizational image
 Avoid excessive investigations & waste of precious time
 Reduce risk premiums
 Secure investors confidence & investment
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4. ACCIDENT
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 ACCIDENT is defined as an unexpected, unplanned event in a sequence
of events that occurred through a combination of causes which result in
physical harm, injury / disease to an individual, damage to property, a
near miss, a loss / a combination of these effect.
 Causes of Accidents:
a) Overexertion
b) Impact accident
c) Falls
d) Bodily injury / reactions
 Effect of Accidents:
e) Poisoning:
a) Death
i) by solids & liquid
b) Cost of accidents
ii)by gases and vapors
c) Bodily harm & injuries
f) Drowning
d) Burns injuries
g) Fire related injuries
e) Loss of company image,
h) Extreme heat & temperatures
reputation & competitiveness
i) Exposure to radiations/caustics 4
j) Medical complication

5. Company name
 How to prevent accidents?
a) management commitment & leadership by employer in safety
b) safe & health working conditions
c) safe work practices by employees
 Accident Prevention Programs:
d) reducing unsafe acts
a) safety inspection
b) administering safety matters
Accident c) establishing safety policy & safety
management objectives
Review
d) safety documentation & information
the Scene
Interview Employees e) training & awareness program
/ Others f) establishing housekeeping principles
g) determining a good implementation
Prepare Report of PPE
Identify h) proper chemical handling
Recommendations 5 procedures

6. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH
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 Occupational Safety and Health (OSHA) is defined by World
Health Organization (WHO) as:
a) The promotion and maintenance of the highest degree
of physical, mental and the social well being of workers
in all occupations.
b) The prevention of worker departures from health
deterioration caused by their employment
c) The protection of workers in the employment from
risks resulting factors adverse to their health.
d) The placing and maintenance of the worker in an
occupational environment adopted to his physiological
and psychological ability, and to summarize.
e) The adaptation of work to man and each man to work.
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7. SAFETY MANAGEMENT
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 Safety Management is defined as Planning
managing safety, health and Policies, Objectives, Resource
welfare of workers at a workplace
in an organization.
Leading
Leadership & Commitment
 Safety Policy:
a) must communicated to all
employees Organizing
Safety & Health Programs
b) framing the policy &
hanging it in a prominent
place Coordination
c) giving every individual Measuring Performance & Effectiveness
employee a copy
d) many companies seem use Control
a consultant to set a policy Review & Control
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8. APPROACHES TO EFFECTIVE SAFETY
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MANAGEMENT
 Organizational Approach
a) Designing jobs
b) Developing & implementing safety policies
c) Using safety committees
d) Coordinating accident investigations
 Engineering Approach
a) Designing work settings & equipment
b) Reviewing equipment
c) Applying ergonomic principle
 Individual Approach
a) Reinforcing safety motivation and attitudes
b) Providing employee safety training
c) Rewarding safety through incentive programs
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9. SAFETY & HEALTH COMMITTEE
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 Safety & Health Committee consist of a chairman, a secretary,
representative of employer and representative of employees.
a) The chairman shall be at least one of the top management
staff
b) The secretary shall be the person who is the safety and
health officer
c) The representatives of employers are normally the
departmental managers
d) The representatives of the employees shall be represented
by the employees, normally supervisors from various
sections of a place of work.
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10. Company name
 Duties & Function of Safety & Health Committee:
a) Assists the employer in development of safety and health
rules and safe system of work
b) Review the effectiveness of safety and health programs
c) Carry out studies on trend of accidents, dangerous
occurrence, occupational poisoning and diseases at place of
work.
d) Report to the employees of any unsafe acts or unhealthy
conditions or practices at place of work together with
recommendation for corrective action.
e) Review the safety and health policies at place of work and
revision of such policies
f) Shall inspect the place of work at least once in three months,
and make recommendations on remedial measures on any
matter detrimental to safety and health of workers
g) Shall inspect the place of work soon after any accident
occurrence at place of work

11. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH ACT, 1994
(OSHA)
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 The Act 514 is an Act to make further provision for securing the safety, health
and welfare of persons at work, for protecting other against risks to safety or
health in connection with the activities of persons at work and to establish
National Council for OSH and for matters connected therewith.
 In the Act, there are 7 regulations:
a) Employers Safety and Health General Policy Statement (Exception)
Regulations, 1995.
b) Control of Industrial Major Accidents Hazards Regulation, 1996.
c) Safety and Health Committee Regulations, 1996.
d) Classification, Packaging and Labeling of Hazardous Chemical
Regulations, 1997.
e) Safety and Health Officer Regulations, 1997.
f) Prohibition of Use of Substances Order, 1999.
g) Use and Standard of Exposure of Chemical Hazardous to Health
Regulation, 2000.
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12. Company name
 Objectives of The Act:
a) To secure the safety, health and welfare of persons at
work against risks to safety or health arising out of the
activities of persons at work.
b) To protect persons at a place of work other than the
persons at work against risks to safety or health arising
out of the activities of persons at work.
c) To promote an occupational environment for persons a
work which is adapted to their psychological needs
d) To provide the means whereby the associated occupational
safety and health legislations may be progressively
replaced by a system of regulations and approved industry
codes of practices operating in combination with provisions
of this Act designed to maintain or improved the standard
of safety and health.
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13. General Duties of Employers & Employees
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 Section 15 (Employers):
a) The provision and maintenance of plant and systems of
work that are safe and without risks to health;
b) Making of arrangement for ensuring safety and absence of
risks to health in connection with the use or operations,
handling, storage and transport of plant and substances;
c) The provision of such information, instruction, training and
supervision as it is necessary to ensure safety and health at
work of his employees;
d) Any place of work under the control of employer or self
employed person and maintenance of it must be safe and
without risks to health, and the means of access and egress
from it are safe and without such risks;
e) The provision and maintenance of a working environment
for his employees is practically safe, without risks to health
and adequate in regards to the facilities for their welfare at
work. 13

14. Company name
 Section 24 (Employees):
a) To take reasonable care for the safety and health of
himself and of others who may be affected by his act or
omissions at work.
b) To cooperate with his employer or any other person in
discharge of any duty or requirement imposed on the
employer by this Act.
c) To wear or use at all times any protective equipment or
clothing provided by the employer for the purpose
of preventing risks to his safety and health.
d) To comply with any instructions or measures on
occupational safety and health instituted by the
employer.