Rammed earth is a building technique that uses a mixture of roughly 70% sand or gravel, 30% clay, and sometimes a small amount of cement. Historically, rammed earth was used to construct Tulou houses in China, which featured thick rammed earth walls formed using movable formwork and later covered in bricks and lime for protection. Rammed earth offers advantages like being 100% recyclable, having a low carbon footprint through use of local materials, and proven earthquake resistance. However, it is also vulnerable to water erosion and requires thick walls. Stabilised rammed earth uses a small amount of cement to address disadvantages while maintaining environmental benefits.