This document discusses nanocomposites used in dental fillings. It defines nanocomposites as composites containing inorganic fillers with dimensions between 0.1-100nm. Two common nanocomposites discussed are Filtek Supreme, which contains nanosized silica and nanocluster fillers, and Premise, which uses silica nanoparticles, prepolymerized fillers, and barium glass fillers. The document outlines how nanofillers and modified resin matrices can improve mechanical properties and reduce issues like shrinkage in dental nanocomposites.
2. • Nanotechnology, also known as nanoscience or molecular
engineering, is defined as the creation of functional materials
and structures with characteristic dimensions in the range of
0.1-100 nm.
When inorganic phases in an organic/inorganic composite
become nanosized, they are called nanocomposites.
3. •The development in the use of nanocomposites patented in
response to the persistent and discouraging issues of
polymerization shrinkage, strength, microhardness, and wears
resistance essential in posterior occlusal applications
•words like “nano” were coined by the noble laureate Sir Richard
Feynman in 1959
•This discovery was a landmark for advances in dental
composites. Since then, composite fillings became an essential
component of the restorative armamentarium
4. •The introduction of nanotechnology led to the discovery of nano-
filler particles.
•All efforts were and are being made to achieve considerable
advances in physical properties and tackle issues like
polymerization shrinkage, wear resistance, micro hardness and
achieve patient satisfaction in terms of the aesthetic appearance
5. Composition
• 13–30 wt.% of polymerizable organic matrix and
• 70–87 wt.% mixture of different inorganic fillers
(silica, tantalum thoxide, zirconia-silica, alumina, nano-fi
brillar silicate and titanium oxide)
• in addition to a photo initiator system or other curing systems
6. Modification Of
Nanofillers:
• Nanofillers can be prepared by various techniques, such as
flame pyrolysis, flame spray pyrolysis, and sol-gel processes.
• Because extremely small filler particles have dimensions below
the wavelength of visible light (0.4-0.8 μm), they are unable to
scatter or absorb visible light.
• Thus, nanofillers are usually invisible and offer the advantage
of optical property improvement (Mitra et al., 2003).
7. Modification Of
Nanofillers:
• The increase in filler level results in a lower amount of resin in
nanocomposites and will also significantly reduce
polymerization shrinkage and dramatically improve the
physical properties of nanocomposites.
8. Nanofillers in Commercial
Nanocomposites
• Filtek Supreme (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN,
USA), which contains nanometric particles
(nanomers) and nanoclusters (NCs).
• Nanomers are monodispersed, non-
agglomerated, and non-aggregated silica
particles of 20 and 75 nm in diameter.
• Nanocluster fillers are loosely bound
agglomerates of nanosized particles.
9. NCs were synthesis.
• The first type consisted of zirconia-silica particles
synthesized from a colloidal solution of silica and zirconyl
salt.
• The primary particle size of the NC filler ranged from 2 to 20
nm, and the average size of the spheroidal agglomerated
particles was less than 0.6 μm.
• The second type of NC filler was synthesized from 75-nm
primary particles of silica, and the average size of the
agglomerated particles was 0.6 μm.
10. NCs were synthesis.
• The silica particles were treated with 3-
methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTS), as a coupling
agent, which contains a silica ester functional group on one
end for bonding to the inorganic surface and a methacrylate
group on the other end to make the filler compatible with the
resin before curing to prevent any agglomeration or
aggregation (Mitra et al., 2003).
• The filler content of Supreme is about 58-60% by volume
and 78.5% by weight.
11. Premise (Kerr/Sybron,
Orange, CA, USA)
It is a nanohybrid composed of 3
different types of filler components:
• nonagglomerated “discrete” silica
nanoparticles,
• prepolymerized fillers (PPF)
• barium glass fillers .
12. Premise (Kerr/Sybron,
Orange, CA, USA)
• The non-agglomerated discrete silica nanoparticles are
spheroidal and 20 nm in size.
• The prepolymerized fillers (PPF) are about 30-50 μm in
size, and the barium glass filler has an average particle size
of 0.4 μm
• The manufacturer claims that by incorporating a
"polymerizable dispersant" it has been able to:
(1) increase the percentage filler level
(2) use filler particles with an average
13. Premise (Kerr/Sybron,
Orange, CA, USA)
• Size smaller than that used in traditional hybrid resin
composites.
• This provides the material with excellent esthetics and
strength.
• The nanocomposite Premise uses a similar technique for
incorporating barium glass fillers into the resin matrix, with
a “trimodel” approach to provide an optimal combination of
3 different filler components: silica nanoparticles, PPF, and
barium glass fillers.
• This combination of 3 fillers allows for increased filler
loading of 69% by volume and 84% by weight.
14. Premise (Kerr/Sybron,
Orange, CA, USA)
• The discrete unassociated nanoparticles that are well-
dispersed in the matrix on a nanoscale level allow for
increased filler loading and reduced viscosity of
nanocomposites, and thus result in increased
hardness, abrasion resistance, fracture resistance, and
polishability and in reduced polymerization shrinkage
(reported to be 1.4% to 1.6% by volume) and shrinkage
stress (Bauer et al., 2003).
15. Premise (Kerr/Sybron,
Orange, CA, USA)
• As the interparticle dimension decreases, the load-
bearing stress on the resin is reduced, inhibiting crack
formation and propagation.
• The spheroidal shape of the nanoparticles provides
smooth and rounded edges, distributing stress more
uniformly throughout the composite resin (Terry,
2004a).
16. Ceram-X Dentsply DeTrey,
Konstanz, Germany
• It is an ormocer-based, nanoceramic
composite (Schirrmeister et al., 2006).
• It contains glass fillers (1.1-1.5 μm),
but differs from conventional hybrid
composites in two important features:
• Methacrylatemodified silicon-dioxide-
containing nanofiller (10 nm)
substitutes for the microfiller that is
typically used in hybrid composites
(agglomerates of silicon dioxide
particles).
17. Ceram-X Dentsply DeTrey,
Konstanz, Germany
• According to the manufacturer’s data, filler concentration
is 57% by volume and 76% by weight.
• Furthermore, most of the conventional resin matrix is
replaced by a matrix full of highly dispersed methacrylate-
modified polysiloxane particles (2-3 nm).
• According to the manufacturer’s information, these
nanoceramic particles are inorganic–organic hybrid
particles.
• Both nano-ceramic particles and nanofillers have
methacrylate groups available for polymerization
22. Modification Of
Silanes
• Silanization with MPTS and OTMS
• Silanization with UDMS, MPTS, and OTMS
• Silanization with GPS
• Silanization with ATES
• Silanization for Improving Fracture Toughness
words like “nano” were coined by the noble laureate Sir Richard Feynman in 1959 [36]. This discovery was a landmark for advances in dental composites. Since then, composite fillings became an essential component of the restorative armamentarium. The last decade has witnessed rapid advances in dental restorative materials including the resin-based composites. The introduction of nanotechnology led to the discovery of nano-filler particles. All efforts were and are being made to achieve considerable advances in physical properties and tackle issues like polymerization shrinkage, wear resistance, micro hardness and achieve patient satisfaction in terms of the aesthetic appearance
words like “nano” were coined by the noble laureate Sir Richard Feynman in 1959 [36]. This discovery was a landmark for advances in dental composites. Since then, composite fillings became an essential component of the restorative armamentarium. The last decade has witnessed rapid advances in dental restorative materials including the resin-based composites. The introduction of nanotechnology led to the discovery of nano-filler particles. All efforts were and are being made to achieve considerable advances in physical properties and tackle issues like polymerization shrinkage, wear resistance, micro hardness and achieve patient satisfaction in terms of the aesthetic appearance
Composition
Nanocomposites are composed of two or more materials that include a matrix material and nanoscale particles. The matrix should be a biocompatible polymeric, metallic, or ceramic material. In nanocomposites, it is possible to operate the mechanical properties by incorporating secondary nanoparticles to obtain the same characteristic features of natural bone [38]. The properties of nanostructured materials are completely controlled by their synthesis method, processing means and their chemistry [39]. It has been acknowledged that the intrinsic molecular identification of the molecules is governing the formation, morphological development and crystallography of the nanocomposites
Composition
Nanocomposites are composed of two or more materials that include a matrix material and nanoscale particles. The matrix should be a biocompatible polymeric, metallic, or ceramic material. In nanocomposites, it is possible to operate the mechanical properties by incorporating secondary nanoparticles to obtain the same characteristic features of natural bone [38]. The properties of nanostructured materials are completely controlled by their synthesis method, processing means and their chemistry [39]. It has been acknowledged that the intrinsic molecular identification of the molecules is governing the formation, morphological development and crystallography of the nanocomposites
Composition
Nanocomposites are composed of two or more materials that include a matrix material and nanoscale particles. The matrix should be a biocompatible polymeric, metallic, or ceramic material. In nanocomposites, it is possible to operate the mechanical properties by incorporating secondary nanoparticles to obtain the same characteristic features of natural bone [38]. The properties of nanostructured materials are completely controlled by their synthesis method, processing means and their chemistry [39]. It has been acknowledged that the intrinsic molecular identification of the molecules is governing the formation, morphological development and crystallography of the nanocomposites
Composition
Nanocomposites are composed of two or more materials that include a matrix material and nanoscale particles. The matrix should be a biocompatible polymeric, metallic, or ceramic material. In nanocomposites, it is possible to operate the mechanical properties by incorporating secondary nanoparticles to obtain the same characteristic features of natural bone [38]. The properties of nanostructured materials are completely controlled by their synthesis method, processing means and their chemistry [39]. It has been acknowledged that the intrinsic molecular identification of the molecules is governing the formation, morphological development and crystallography of the nanocomposites
Composition
Nanocomposites are composed of two or more materials that include a matrix material and nanoscale particles. The matrix should be a biocompatible polymeric, metallic, or ceramic material. In nanocomposites, it is possible to operate the mechanical properties by incorporating secondary nanoparticles to obtain the same characteristic features of natural bone [38]. The properties of nanostructured materials are completely controlled by their synthesis method, processing means and their chemistry [39]. It has been acknowledged that the intrinsic molecular identification of the molecules is governing the formation, morphological development and crystallography of the nanocomposites
Composition
Nanocomposites are composed of two or more materials that include a matrix material and nanoscale particles. The matrix should be a biocompatible polymeric, metallic, or ceramic material. In nanocomposites, it is possible to operate the mechanical properties by incorporating secondary nanoparticles to obtain the same characteristic features of natural bone [38]. The properties of nanostructured materials are completely controlled by their synthesis method, processing means and their chemistry [39]. It has been acknowledged that the intrinsic molecular identification of the molecules is governing the formation, morphological development and crystallography of the nanocomposites
Composition
Nanocomposites are composed of two or more materials that include a matrix material and nanoscale particles. The matrix should be a biocompatible polymeric, metallic, or ceramic material. In nanocomposites, it is possible to operate the mechanical properties by incorporating secondary nanoparticles to obtain the same characteristic features of natural bone [38]. The properties of nanostructured materials are completely controlled by their synthesis method, processing means and their chemistry [39]. It has been acknowledged that the intrinsic molecular identification of the molecules is governing the formation, morphological development and crystallography of the nanocomposites
Composition
Nanocomposites are composed of two or more materials that include a matrix material and nanoscale particles. The matrix should be a biocompatible polymeric, metallic, or ceramic material. In nanocomposites, it is possible to operate the mechanical properties by incorporating secondary nanoparticles to obtain the same characteristic features of natural bone [38]. The properties of nanostructured materials are completely controlled by their synthesis method, processing means and their chemistry [39]. It has been acknowledged that the intrinsic molecular identification of the molecules is governing the formation, morphological development and crystallography of the nanocomposites
Composition
Nanocomposites are composed of two or more materials that include a matrix material and nanoscale particles. The matrix should be a biocompatible polymeric, metallic, or ceramic material. In nanocomposites, it is possible to operate the mechanical properties by incorporating secondary nanoparticles to obtain the same characteristic features of natural bone [38]. The properties of nanostructured materials are completely controlled by their synthesis method, processing means and their chemistry [39]. It has been acknowledged that the intrinsic molecular identification of the molecules is governing the formation, morphological development and crystallography of the nanocomposites
Composition
Nanocomposites are composed of two or more materials that include a matrix material and nanoscale particles. The matrix should be a biocompatible polymeric, metallic, or ceramic material. In nanocomposites, it is possible to operate the mechanical properties by incorporating secondary nanoparticles to obtain the same characteristic features of natural bone [38]. The properties of nanostructured materials are completely controlled by their synthesis method, processing means and their chemistry [39]. It has been acknowledged that the intrinsic molecular identification of the molecules is governing the formation, morphological development and crystallography of the nanocomposites
Composition
Nanocomposites are composed of two or more materials that include a matrix material and nanoscale particles. The matrix should be a biocompatible polymeric, metallic, or ceramic material. In nanocomposites, it is possible to operate the mechanical properties by incorporating secondary nanoparticles to obtain the same characteristic features of natural bone [38]. The properties of nanostructured materials are completely controlled by their synthesis method, processing means and their chemistry [39]. It has been acknowledged that the intrinsic molecular identification of the molecules is governing the formation, morphological development and crystallography of the nanocomposites
Composition
Nanocomposites are composed of two or more materials that include a matrix material and nanoscale particles. The matrix should be a biocompatible polymeric, metallic, or ceramic material. In nanocomposites, it is possible to operate the mechanical properties by incorporating secondary nanoparticles to obtain the same characteristic features of natural bone [38]. The properties of nanostructured materials are completely controlled by their synthesis method, processing means and their chemistry [39]. It has been acknowledged that the intrinsic molecular identification of the molecules is governing the formation, morphological development and crystallography of the nanocomposites
Composition
Nanocomposites are composed of two or more materials that include a matrix material and nanoscale particles. The matrix should be a biocompatible polymeric, metallic, or ceramic material. In nanocomposites, it is possible to operate the mechanical properties by incorporating secondary nanoparticles to obtain the same characteristic features of natural bone [38]. The properties of nanostructured materials are completely controlled by their synthesis method, processing means and their chemistry [39]. It has been acknowledged that the intrinsic molecular identification of the molecules is governing the formation, morphological development and crystallography of the nanocomposites
Composition
Nanocomposites are composed of two or more materials that include a matrix material and nanoscale particles. The matrix should be a biocompatible polymeric, metallic, or ceramic material. In nanocomposites, it is possible to operate the mechanical properties by incorporating secondary nanoparticles to obtain the same characteristic features of natural bone [38]. The properties of nanostructured materials are completely controlled by their synthesis method, processing means and their chemistry [39]. It has been acknowledged that the intrinsic molecular identification of the molecules is governing the formation, morphological development and crystallography of the nanocomposites
Composition
Nanocomposites are composed of two or more materials that include a matrix material and nanoscale particles. The matrix should be a biocompatible polymeric, metallic, or ceramic material. In nanocomposites, it is possible to operate the mechanical properties by incorporating secondary nanoparticles to obtain the same characteristic features of natural bone [38]. The properties of nanostructured materials are completely controlled by their synthesis method, processing means and their chemistry [39]. It has been acknowledged that the intrinsic molecular identification of the molecules is governing the formation, morphological development and crystallography of the nanocomposites
Composition
Nanocomposites are composed of two or more materials that include a matrix material and nanoscale particles. The matrix should be a biocompatible polymeric, metallic, or ceramic material. In nanocomposites, it is possible to operate the mechanical properties by incorporating secondary nanoparticles to obtain the same characteristic features of natural bone [38]. The properties of nanostructured materials are completely controlled by their synthesis method, processing means and their chemistry [39]. It has been acknowledged that the intrinsic molecular identification of the molecules is governing the formation, morphological development and crystallography of the nanocomposites
Composition
Nanocomposites are composed of two or more materials that include a matrix material and nanoscale particles. The matrix should be a biocompatible polymeric, metallic, or ceramic material. In nanocomposites, it is possible to operate the mechanical properties by incorporating secondary nanoparticles to obtain the same characteristic features of natural bone [38]. The properties of nanostructured materials are completely controlled by their synthesis method, processing means and their chemistry [39]. It has been acknowledged that the intrinsic molecular identification of the molecules is governing the formation, morphological development and crystallography of the nanocomposites
Composition
Nanocomposites are composed of two or more materials that include a matrix material and nanoscale particles. The matrix should be a biocompatible polymeric, metallic, or ceramic material. In nanocomposites, it is possible to operate the mechanical properties by incorporating secondary nanoparticles to obtain the same characteristic features of natural bone [38]. The properties of nanostructured materials are completely controlled by their synthesis method, processing means and their chemistry [39]. It has been acknowledged that the intrinsic molecular identification of the molecules is governing the formation, morphological development and crystallography of the nanocomposites
Composition
Nanocomposites are composed of two or more materials that include a matrix material and nanoscale particles. The matrix should be a biocompatible polymeric, metallic, or ceramic material. In nanocomposites, it is possible to operate the mechanical properties by incorporating secondary nanoparticles to obtain the same characteristic features of natural bone [38]. The properties of nanostructured materials are completely controlled by their synthesis method, processing means and their chemistry [39]. It has been acknowledged that the intrinsic molecular identification of the molecules is governing the formation, morphological development and crystallography of the nanocomposites
Composition
Nanocomposites are composed of two or more materials that include a matrix material and nanoscale particles. The matrix should be a biocompatible polymeric, metallic, or ceramic material. In nanocomposites, it is possible to operate the mechanical properties by incorporating secondary nanoparticles to obtain the same characteristic features of natural bone [38]. The properties of nanostructured materials are completely controlled by their synthesis method, processing means and their chemistry [39]. It has been acknowledged that the intrinsic molecular identification of the molecules is governing the formation, morphological development and crystallography of the nanocomposites
Composition
Nanocomposites are composed of two or more materials that include a matrix material and nanoscale particles. The matrix should be a biocompatible polymeric, metallic, or ceramic material. In nanocomposites, it is possible to operate the mechanical properties by incorporating secondary nanoparticles to obtain the same characteristic features of natural bone [38]. The properties of nanostructured materials are completely controlled by their synthesis method, processing means and their chemistry [39]. It has been acknowledged that the intrinsic molecular identification of the molecules is governing the formation, morphological development and crystallography of the nanocomposites