Employment, its different types and the Statistics on Indian Employment

2.  Employment is a relationship between two parties, usually
based on a contract, one being the employer and the other
being the employee.
 Employment is an agreement between an employer and an
employee that the employee will provide certain services on the
job, and in the employer's designated workplace, to facilitate the
accomplishment of the employer organization’s goals, in return
for compensation.
 Employment can be expressed in number of people working or
in total working hours. A mixed measure is the number of hours
divided by standard working hours to give a full-time equivalence
to jobs.
 Employment can be called as a platform where employers
provide some tasks to employments.

4.  In employment, the employer determines the where, when,
how, why, and what of the work that is performed by the
employee. The degree of input, autonomy and self-directedness
that an employee experiences on the job is a
by-product of an employer’s philosophy of management
and employment.
 An employer is a person or institution that
hires employees or workers. Employers offer wages or
a salary to the workers in exchange for the
worker's work or labor.
 A legal entity that controls and directs a servant
or worker under an express or implied contract of
employment and pays (or is obligated to pay) him or
her salary or wages in compensation.

6.  An individual who works part-time or full-time under
a contract of employment, whether oral or written, express
or implied, and has recognized rights and duties.
 An employee is an individual who was hired by
an employer to do a specific job. The employee is hired by
the employer after anapplication and interview
process results in his or her selection as an employee.
 An employee contributes labor and/or expertise to an
endeavor of an employer and is usually hired to perform
specific duties which are packaged into a job.
 An Employee is a person who is hired to provide services to
a company on a regular basis in exchange for compensation
and who does not provide these services as part of an
independent business.

8. 1) FULL-TIME EMPLOYMENT
Full-time employment is employment in which
a person works a minimum number of hours
defined as such by his/her employer. Full-time
employment often comes with benefits that are
not typically offered to part-time, temporary,
or flexible workers, such as annual leave, sick
leave, and health insurance. Full-time jobs are
often considered careers. They generally pay
more than part-time jobs, and usually carry more
hours per week.

9. 2) PART-TIME EMPLOYMENT
Part-time employees usually work on a regular
ongoing basis. They are paid on a pro rata basis. They
are entitled to the following:
 annual, personal, sick leave and carer's leave;
 to be paid for public holidays falling on days on which
they would otherwise be working; and
 long service leave and bereavement leave.

10. 3) CASUAL EMPLOYMENT
Casual employees are employed on an irregular basis
as needed. They can work as many hours as agreed
(between the employer and the employee). They:
 have no expectation of ongoing employment;
 are free to refuse offers of work;
 are paid a loading (a minimum of 20 per cent, but
some awards provide for a higher loading), but no
personal or sick leave or annual leave entitlement;
 are entitled to unpaid bereavement leave; and
 are entitled to long service leave

11. 4) FIXED-TERM OR CONTRACT
Fixed term or contract employees are hired for a fixed
period of time, for example, for a specific project, or to
replace an employee on sick leave or parental leave.
You should provide the employee with an agreement
in writing that sets out the length of the employment
contract. Fixed term employees are entitled to the
same annual, personal and other leave entitlements as
full-time employees, but on a proportional basis for
the period of their employment.

12. 5) APPRINTICESHIP OR TRAINEESHIP
Apprentices are generally training to be trades
people, while trainees are generally learning the skills
of a non-trade occupation. Both involve:
 a registered training agreement;
 practical work;
 learning skills on and off the job;
 Both apprenticeships and traineeships lead to a
nationally recognised qualification.

13. 6) PROBATIONARY PERIOD
In a workplace setting, probation is a status given to
new employees of a company or business. It is widely
termed as the Probation Period of an employee. This
status allows a supervisor or other company manager
to evaluate closely the progress and skills of the
newly hired worker, determine appropriate
assignments, and monitor other aspects of the
employee such as honesty, reliability, and
interactions with co-workers, supervisors or
customers.

14. 7) SELF-EMPLOYMENT/ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Self-employment is the act of generating one's income directly from
customers, clients or other organizations as opposed to being an
employee of a business (or person).
Generally tax authorities will view a person as self-employed if the
person chooses to be recognized as such, or is generating income such
that the person is required to file a tax return under legislation that
subsists in the relevant jurisdiction(s). In the real world the critical
issue for the taxing authorities is not that the person is trading but is
whether the person is profitable and hence potentially taxable. In other
words the activity of trading is likely to be ignored if no profit is
present, so occasional and hobby- or enthusiast-based economic
activity is generally ignored by authorities.
Self-employed people generally find their own work rather than being
provided with work by an employer, earning income from
a trade or business that they operate.