AI in Law Enforcement - Applications and Implications of Machine Vision and Machine Learning

Machine Learning and
Machine Vision -
Cutting-Edge Trends and
Implications in Law
Enforcement
with Dan Faggella, CEO, Emerj.com
AI in Law Enforcement | Emerj.com | @danfaggella | 1

Presentation Outline
1. An introduction - our background and research at Emerj
2. Example applications of machine vision-related technologies with law
enforcement implications
i. Visual detection technologies
ii. Visual media creation technologies
3. Implications for law enforcement, security, and policy

Critical Applications of AI in Marketing - with Dan Faggella, CEO, Emerj.com
Daniel Faggella, CEO at Emerj (formerly TechEmergence)
Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn:
@danfaggella
Emerj helps business and government leaders survive and
thrive in artificial intelligence disruption - with jargon free
research and industry-specific insights and case studies.
www.Emerj.com (TechEmergence.com)

Presentation Outline
● We’ve conducted over a thousand one-to-one interviews, in
addition to thousands of survey responses from AI
researchers and executives
● Most of our work revolves around helping business and
government leaders make sense of artificial intelligence, to
aide in their efforts for technology procurement and
strategic planning
● This presentation won’t simply be about surveillance, it’ll be
about upcoming trends with AI for video and visual media,
and what those technologies might mean for law
enforcement (a Silicon Valley perspective)

Detection Technologies - Facial Recognition
Possibilities:
● Recognize faces
● Determine emotions and
reactions (advertising,
security, etc)
● Recognize faces with hats,
sunglasses, beards, or in
different light or angles
Company: Kairos

Detection Technologies - Facial Validation
Possibilities:
● Detecting images, vs. real
people in video
● Detecting iPad or digital
screens, so that people who
are not present cannot get
clearance for friends via
Skype call
● (This kind of security measure
will at some point be
completely normal for all
facial recognition companies)
Company: TrueFace.ai

Detection Technologies - Movement and Occupancy
Possibilities:
● Determine the percent
occupancy in any given room
or floor, and changes over
time
● Determine movement
between rooms - and patterns
of movement throughout a
day or week
● Determine anomalies in
movement and occupancy
and receive notifications
Company: PointGrab

Detection Technologies - Behavior Detection
Possibilities:
● Detect shoplifting at the
checkout counter
● Detect someone taking their
medicine
● Detect suspicious walking or
loitering
● (These systems are very
narrow, and it should be noted
that they require massive
training to detect very basic,
discrete behaviors)
Company: StopLift
Company: AICure

Detection Technologies - Non-Visual Proxies for Behavior
Possibilities:
● Determining the movement or
behavior of individuals and
groups based on heat
detection
● This tech could be enhanced
to consider noise, vibration,
and other non-visual data -
adding better predictive ability
(using sensors outside a room
to determine how many
people are in it and what
they’re doing)
Company: MIT CSAIL

Detection Technologies - Skeletal Construction / Behavior
Detect
Possibilities:
● Determine the postures of
anyone in video footage
● Eventually predict behaviors
based on postures and
movement, such as
determining if two people are
likely to begin fighting, or if
someone is about to cross the
street
● This kind of data can be used
to create more realistic
simulationsCompany: Wrnch

Creation Technologies - Augmenting Human Movement
Possibilities:
● (See image to the left) A “skin”
can be put on the face of body
of a user (special effects,
gaming, etc)
● This might be used to video
games, and might also be
used to create more realistic
programmatically generated
human movement, making
indistinguishably “human”-like
movement and poses
Company: Wrnch

Creation Technologies - Future-Casting Videos
Possibilities:
● Determine which driving
behaviors are more likely to
lead to accidents
● Determine which loitering
activities are most likely to be
criminal, or which behaviors
of crowds are more likely to
lead to riots
● Hypothetically this tech could
fool viewers, showing them a
generated view of events, not
a real oneCompany: MIT CSAIL

Creation Technologies - Manipulate Body Movement in Video
Possibilities:
● Take images of a specific
person, and programmatically
generate images of that
person in other poses or doing
other activities
● Could be used to falsely
accuse people of actions, or
as immoral entertainment
Company: MIT CSAIL

Creation Technologies - Manipulate Face Movement in Video
Possibilities:
● Using images of a target
person’s face, that face can
be “mapped” onto a new face,
giving the creator control over
a face that looks just like the
target
● This technology is already
being used to put existing
people’s faces into sexual
content. Voice can also be
replicated, making the
technology more immersive.
Company: MIT CSAIL

Detection - Where We’re Headed
● Privacy is dying, and it doesn’t seem to be able to be revived. It is likely that people will accept knowing
that their movements and whereabouts will be tracked.
● Rather than pre-crime taking off any time soon, it’s likely that suspicious behavior will be flagged for
human analysts, or possibly appended to a person’s contact record within a security system.
● While societies and governments should determine laws and rules (where cameras can and cannot be
used, how long data can be stored, what kind of data can be stored), there are inherent challenges:
○ Rules about storing / using data are borderline impossible to uphold
○ Anything regulating governments isn’t going to be easy (who judges the judge)?
○ Major world governments will adopt this technology en masse and further set the stage for it to be
the norm

Detection - Where We’re Headed
“The virtue of a noble ruler is like
the wind; the virtue of his subjects
is like grass. If the wind sweeps
across the grass, the grass will
bend.”

Creation - Where We’re Headed
● In the next 2-4 years any high school kid with free time will be able to create fake videos and voices of
any person living or dead.
● The paradigm we have to grapple with is this: What was once a representative artifact of a past reality
(videos, images, voice recordings), will not be so any longer. Fortunately this change will be gradual, but
we should already be imagining what the far end of it implies.
● If we’re smart, we’ll see this as no different than other cybersecurity: There are mutually adversarial
efforts, constantly aiming to get ahead of one another. “Creation” tech will be the same dynamic.

“In the coming 20 years, essentially all
entertainment, learning, and
communication will be programmatically
generated, tailored to each individual.
There will be little reason to ‘go analog’
and practically living in our digital
systems will become more and more the
norm. This is a critical and unavoidable
step towards transhumanism - and we
should consider its consequences.”

Interviews About Industry-Specific AI Applications

That’s All, Folks
Feel free to be in touch.
For questions about this presentation:
dan@emerj.com
Research or consulting inquiries:
sales@emerj.com
- Connections to relevant startups for partnerships
- Guidance on AI adoption strategy
- Go-to-market strategy for AI-related B2B products
- Market research reporting with in-depth quotes and
perspectives from industry-leading execs and
researchers
- Competitive intelligence on industries, sectors, or
large companies

Creation Technologies - Manipulate Face Movement in Video
● https://www.techemergence.com/facial-recognition-applications/
● https://www.techemergence.com/machine-vision-for-advertising-possibilities-social-online-media/
● https://www.techemergence.com/can-businesses-use-emotional-intelligence/
● https://www.techemergence.com/computer-vision-for-body-language/
● https://www.techemergence.com/ai-crime-prevention-5-current-applications/
● https://www.techemergence.com/ai-in-biometrics-current-business-applications/
● https://www.techemergence.com/category/expert-interviews/

AI in Law Enforcement - Applications and Implications of Machine Vision and Machine Learning

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