ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF HISTORY #EVOLUTION history of interior design history of architecture

1. HISTORY OF INTERIOR DESIGN
ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF HISTORY OF INTERIOR DESIGN AND ARCHITECTURE
PRESENTED BY:
ASST. PROFESSOR DEEPIKA SHARMA

2. CO Number Title Level
CO1 To understand the designs from Prehistoric Period to the Neolithic ages Remember
CO2 To learn the Modern Movements in Interior design from the beginning of
20th century. Remember
CO3 To analyse the relationship of economic, social and cultural influences in
the designing trends.
Understand
CO4 Demonstrate ability to research and illustrate the details of architecture ,
interior design techniques used in indian and Buddhist building context.
Understand
CO5 To familarize the comparison and contrast between past and present
interior design through time and how these changing values have
influenced the design of today's built-in environment .
Understand
COURSE OUTCOMES

3. 1 To help understand the role and importance of history in interior design profession.
2 Help them evaluate how function, aesthetics and values , materials and environment
affects the interior design .
3 To help them identify why history of design is so important in interior design profession
and what does it signifies.
4 Knowledge of how interiors from past civilizations and various cultures will help us
evaluate and improve our environments.
5 Will help them to analyze the issues that create an impact on the field of Interior Design
OBJECTIVES

4. Interior design is the art & science of enhancing the
interior of a building to achieve a healthier and more
aesthetically pleasing environment for the people using
that space.
WHAT IS INTERIOR DESIGN? PROCESS OF INTERIOR DESIGN
• In the past, Interiors were put together
without any conscious thought as a part of
the process of building.
• The pursuit of the following elements
contributed to the development of the Interior
design profession: Effective use of space
 LETS HAVE A GLIMPSE ON THE
“HISTORY OF INTERIOR DESIGN”
User well being
Functional design
“I appreciate history but you have to bring your
own experience to the rooms” –ISTVAN
FRANCER
https://images.app.goo.gl/aMFfyxRhCrybMcvz9

5. LEGENDARY INTERIOR DESIGNERS YOU
SHOULD KNOW ABOUT :
FATHER OF
INTERIOR DESIGN
ALEXA HAMPTON
https://images.app.goo.gl/5NyxSvu
vDDQ8WFW38
FIRST COMMERCIAL
INTERIOR DECORATOR
DOROTHY DRAPER.
https://images.app.goo.gl/UrTp6
h8KrvzuySXd6
AMERICA’S FIRST
DECORATOR
ELSIE DE WOLFE
FIRST BOOK
PUBLISHED “THE
HOUSE
IN GOOD TASTE”
https://images.app.goo.gl/nG
TRgVKWftStjXhH9
LEGENDARY
INTERIOR
DESIGNER –
DESIGNED
THE FIRST “ALL
WHITE
ROOM”– SYRIE
MAUGHAM
https://images.app.goo.gl/2p5Um
Nhbkzs6Gu3w6

6. • Everyone wants their homes to look nice, aesthetically pleasing and a comfortable space to live
• within .
• From the cavemen to the Egyptians and the Baroque to Regency, people across the ages have
witnessed a remarkable transformation of daily life and domestic decoration.
• Indulging in lavish décor and rich colours, interior design has seen a fine array of styles .
REFLECTS THE STUDY ON :
• How people have decorated their homes through the ages?
• What style have they chosen?
• What inspired them?
• How has that changed to modern day home décor?
IMPORTANCE OF HISTORY OF INTERIOR DESIGN -100 YEARS OLD
•In the modern world, human life experience is largely played out in interior spaces.
•We may love the out-of-doors for the sense of open air and sky, for the escape it offers from life
inside enclosure, but the very joy of being outside reflects the reality that so much of life is spent
inside.
ROLE OF HISTORY IN INTERIOR DESIGN?
• WELFARE
• HEALTH
• SAFETY
Motive 1 : The study of interior design,
its development and change through
history is a useful way both to explore
the past and to make sense of the
spaces in which modern life is lived.
Motive 2: Professional interior designers are expected
to study design history, to know the practices of the past
in terms of "styles," and to know the names and the
nature of the contributions of those individuals who
generated the most interesting and influential
approaches to design.

7. INDIGENOUS ARCHITECTURE
• Originating or occuring naturally
in a particular place
Indigenous Architecture
https://images.app.goo.gl/GpXugJnZgkeL8Vmr9
Vernacular Architecture
• Methods of construction that use
locally available materials
resources and traditions to
address local needs .
•Bhimakali temple in Himachal
Pradesh, built in Kath-Kuni style
of architecture.
•Bamboo thatch houseboat in Kerala
https://images.app.goo.gl/EgEo599oyeMXQEP3A

8. Relationship between
Traditional/Indigenous/VernacularArchitecture
• The smallest circle is Indigenous.
• Bigger circle is vernacular- Indigenous is
inside it.
• Biggest is traditional -Indigenous and
vernacular is inside it.
Indigenous and vernacular both refer to the architecture of specific
localities, strongly influenced by climate, local materials, and cultural factors;
buildings often done by people themselves rather than formally educated
designers.
Indigenous
Vernacular
Traditional

9. https://images.app.goo.gl/utE3maNojfJmWCDd7
https://images.app.goo.gl/h8LVR79uNVzZKLVr9
PRE HISORIC INTERIORS
Almost all traces of early buildings are lost.
The individual creativity of the people of these
times is understood by studying the art that
has endured inside caves and rock faces.
• Chauvet Caves ,France (30,000 B.C.E.) –
Paintings of bison, deer and pigs.
• Australian Rock Art, Laura Region, Cape
York Peninsula ( 30,000-25000 BCE)-emu
with eggs.
• Apollo 11 cave stones, Namibia ( 25000-
23500 BCE)- Charcoal, ochre and white
designs.
• Mal’ta, Siberia ( 20,000 BCE)-
Subterranean houses of bones and antlers,
carvings.

10. Prehistoric structures
- Among prehistoric remains of
archaeological interest, but of little
architectural value, are:-
1- Monoliths
2- Dolmens
3- Tumuli
4- Lake dwellings.

11. 1- Monoliths :
Are single upright stones, known in Western
France as " menhirs," (Maen, a stone, hir,
high)

12. 2- Dolmens :
(dol = table + maen stone) and
Dolmen is the name sometimes applied to two or more
upright stones supporting a horizontal slab.

13. STONEHENGE

14. 3- Tumuli or burial mounds
were probably prototypes of the Pyramids in Egypt and of
the beehive huts in Wales, Cornwall, Scotland , and Ireland.

15. 4- Lake dwellings:
Consisted of wooden huts built on piles in the water for
protection against attack

16. • The first and primary
consideration of interior design
was to consider the intended
function of a space, or its
utility.
• While our houses have several
rooms that serve specific
purposes, the first homes were
simple places where people
could cook and sleep in the
same place.
• Still today, tribal cultures may
use such basic spaces. For
example, think of a Plains
Indians tepee or the Inuit igloo.
• The tepee is specifically
designed with a space at the
base to sleep that is sheltered
from the elements, but a hole
is open to allow a fire that does
not fill the space with smoke.
Function : Native American andRoman Interiors

17. TEPEE: A portable conical
tent made of skins, cloth, or
canvas on a frame of poles,
used by North American
Indians of the Plains and
Great Lakes regions.
https://images.app.goo.gl/A8zcvw5ntAuzxquR6

18. INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION

19. WHERE IS HARAPPA AND MOHENJO DARO LOCATED?

20. • Earliest civilizations in Indus Valley was
discovered in 1856 by a railroad crew.
– Harappa
– Mohenjo-Dara or ―Hill of the Dead‖
– Both cities shared urban design and
architectural features. – 3 miles in
circumference with populations of 40,000
• The Indus Valley civilization covered a
massive area, four times the size of UK. It
centred the Indus river in modern day
Northeast Afghanistan, Pakistan and
Northwest India.
ROOTS OF INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION
• At that time there was a second
major river which dried up around
2000 BC and now only flows
during monsoon rains. It is called
he Ghaggar river upstream .

21. PARALLELLY EMERGING CIVILIZATIONS

22. INDUS
CIVILIZATION
possibly began as
herders who moved
into the river valley
during colder
months. – Over
time, they may have
decided to farm –
river- watered lands
of the valley. – They
began trading by
boat along the Indus
down into the
Arabian Sea, into
the Persian Gulf,
and up the Tigris
and Euphrates into
Mesopotamia.

23. CAREFULLY PLANNED CITIES
The Indus civilization had an
elaborate sanitary and drainage
system, the hallmark of ancient
Indus cities .Each and every house
had a connection with the main
drain. These even had inspection
holes for maintenance.
The conduits to the main drains
running through the middle of the
streets below pavement level and
covered with flat stones and sturdy
tile bricks.
The covered drain was connected to
the larger sewerage outlets which
finally led the dirty water outside
the populated areas.

24. MOHENJO-DARO AND HARAPPA:To the north is a citadel or raised area. In
Mohenjo-Daro, the citadel is built on an architectural platform about 45 feet
above the plain. On the summit was a huge communal bath. Next to the large
bath was a huge open space—a granary where food was stored from possible
floods. Fortified walls mark the southeast corner.
CAREFULLY PLANNED CITIES
CITADEL

26. UPPER CITY
LOWER CITY
CATTLE
BAZAAR
MARKET
SQUARE
SENATE
HOUSE
GREAT
BATH
The lower city was
laid out in a
gridiron with the
main streets about
45 feet wide
Brick-lined drains
flushed by water
carried liquid and
solid waste to
sumps, where it
was carted away,
probably to
fertilize the fields.
The quality of
municipal town
planning suggests
knowledge of
urban planning and
efficient municipal
governments which
placed a high
priority on

27.  The ancient Indus systems of sewage and drainage that were developed and used
in cities throughout the Indus Empire were far more advanced than any found in
contemporary urban sites in the Middle East and even more efficient than those in
some areas of modern Pakistan and India today.
 The advanced architecture of the Harappans is shown by their impressive
dockyards, granaries, warehouses, brick platforms, and protective walls.
 The purpose of the "Citadel" remains debated (In sharp contrast to this
civilization's no large monumental structures were built.)
 There is no conclusive evidence of palaces or temples or, indeed, of kings, armies,
or priests. Some structures are thought to have been granaries. Found at one city is
an enormous well-built bath, which may have been a public bath. Although the
"Citadels" are walled, it is far from clear that these structures were defensive. They
may have been built to divert flood waters.
Citadel represented a centralised
authority.
The main citadel in Indus Valley
was almost 12 meters tall.

28. ARYANS
(nomadic people, spoke Indo European language, came via Hindu Kush mountains)
DRAVEDIANS
(people settled in
Harrppan era)
Clashes between both
Aryans entered India
Harrapans were at collapsing stage due to internal issues
Intermarried and laid social and cultural foundations
CASTE SYSTEM

30.  The signs of a gradual decline of the Indus River Valley Civilization are
believed to have started around 1800 BC and by 1700 BC, most of the cities
were abandoned.
 However, one can see the various elements of the Ancient Indus Valley
Civilization in later cultures.
 Archaeological data indicates the persistence of the Late Harappan culture
till 1000-900 BC.
Many scholars believe natural factors are behind the decline:
• The natural factors could be geological and climatic.
• It is believed that the Indus Valley region experienced several tectonic
disturbances which causes earthquakes. Which also changed courses of
rivers or dried them up.
• Another natural reason might be changes in patterns of rainfall.
• There could be also dramatic shifts in the river courses, which might
have brought floods to the food producing areas

31. Indus Priest/King Statue. The statue is 17.5 cm high.
It was found in Mohenjo-daro in 1927.
Replica of 'Dancing Girl' of Mohenjo-daro
at Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu
Sangrahalaya in Mumbai,

32. Reference Books;
• Understanding Harappa-Book by Shereen Ratnaga
• The Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective-
Textbook by Gregory Possehl
Reference Web links:
• www.ancientindia.co.uk/indus/explore/sd_intro_b1.html
• https://www.harappa.com/slide/great-bath-mohenjo-daro-0
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TCYx-_WqcKc