Brinjal breediing

2. Presented by
Mr. Padalkar Dattatraya Aba
Jr. M.Sc. Horticulture
in Vegetable Science

3.  Brinjal or eggplant (Solanum
melongena L., 2n=2x=24) is one of the
most important and widely grown
vegetable in Asia.
 Among the solanaceous vegetables,
brinjal is extensively grown in India
and is very popular among people of
all social strata, grown in both home
and market gardens throughout the
year except the higher altitudes.
 Brinjal has been cultivated in India for
last 4000 years.
 It is commonly known as Egg plant.

4.  A. Decandolle has mentioned
India as the place where
eggplant was known since
ancient times and regarded it
as a native of Asia. According
to N.I. Vavilov, the eggplant
originated in the Indo-
Myanmar (Burma) Region.
 Distribution Bangladesh,
Pakistan, China and
Philippines.
 It is also popular in Egypt,
France, Italy and United State
and several African countries.

5. Systemic position
 Kingdom - Plantae
 Class - Magnoliopsida
 Subclass - Asteridae
 Order - Solanales
 Family - Solanaceae
 Genus - Solanum
 Edible spacies - Solanum melongena
 Binomial name - Solanum melongena
 Chromosome no. - 2n= 24 (36,48)

6.  Important popular vegetable crop.
 The immature tender fruits are mainly used
for cooked vegetables.
 The fruits are used for making pickles.
 The nutritive value of brinjal is quite high
contains vit-A,B and C.
 Used in the preparation of Ayurvedic
medicines.
 Medicinal properties
 Diabetic patients
 Liver complaints

7.  Brinjal is an annual herbaceous
plant.
 Inflorescence is often solitary but
sometimes is constitutes a cluster
of 2-5 flowers.
 Solitary or clustering nature of
inflorescence is varietal character.
 Flower is complete, actinomorphic
and hermaphrodite.

8.  Calyx is five lobed, gamosepalous,
and persistent.
 It forms a cup like structure at the
base.
 Carolla is five lobed, gamopetalous
with margins of lobes incurved.
 There are five stamens which are
free and inserted at the throat of
carolla.
 Anther are cone shaped, free and
with apical dehiscence.
 Ovary is a hypogenous, bicarpellary,
syncarpous and with basal
placentation.

9.  In brinjal, heterostyly is a common feature.
 Four types of flowers have been reported
depending on the length of styles, viz.
a) Long styled (big ovary)
b) Medium styled (medium ovary)
c) Pseudo short styled (rudimentary ovary)
d) True short styled (very rudimentary ovary)
(a) (b) (c) (d)

10.  Fruit setting in long styled
flowers normally varies
from 70-85 %
 Medium styled flowers
flower varies from 12-55 %
 The non-fruit setting
flowers consist of short
styled flowers in which
androecium is fertile but
stigma is smaller with
underdeveloped papillae.

11.  Borne singly or in clusters, shape varies
like ovoid, oblong, long, cylindrical and
fleshy.
 Colour purple, purple black, light green,
yellowish.

12.  Anthesis and Anther Dehiscence
 Flower generally emerge 40-45 days after
transplanting, and open mainly in morning. Full
bloom is observed 80 days after planting.
 The whole period of effective flowering lasts for 75
days.
 Anthesis in brinjal flower normally starts 5.35 AM
and continues up to 7.35 AM with peak at 6.05 AM in
August-September and usually between 9.30 to
11.15 AM during winter December-January.

13.  Whereas, the pollen dehiscence begins 30 minutes
after anthesis. It is commences at 6 AM and
continue upto 8.00 AM with the maximum at 6.35
AM.
 Anther dehisce usually 15-20 minutes after flower
bud had opened.
 Both anthesis and dehiscence depends upon the
day light, temperature, cultivar and humidity.

14.  Removal of male organs from
flower.
 Use sharp- pointed forceps to
force open the selected buds.
 Then split open the anthers and
remove them.

15.  Eggplant is usually self- pollinated
but the extend of cross pollination
has been reported as high as 29%
and hence it is classified as often
cross pollinated or facultative
cross pollinator.
 Pollination is mainly done by wind
and insects (many bees, butterflies
and moths)

16. Trait Genetics
Hypocotyl colour Purple dominant over green, monogenic
Stem colour Purple dominant over green, monogenic
Spines Presence of spines dominance over absence,
monogenic
Plant height Tall dominant over dwarf, monogenic
Fruit colour Fruit dominant over green, green dominant
over white, monogenic, digneic, trigenic
Fruit shape Elongated dominant over round, round
dominant over oval,3-4 gene control
Fruit flesh colour Green dominant over white, monogenic
Bearing habit Clustering dominant over solitary fruiting,
single gene
Male sterility ms1 and ms2
Style erectness Incurved dominant over straight, monogenic
Bacterial wilt Single dominant gene for resistance

17.  High yield
 Earliness
 Fruit shape, size and colour as per costumers
performance
 Low proportion
 Soft flesh
 Lower solanine content
 Upright strudy plant free from lodging

18.  Resistance to :
 Bacterial wilt (Pseudomonas solanacearum)
 Phomopsis blight (Phomopsis vexans)
 Little leaf (Mycoplasma like bodies)
 Root knot nematodes
 Shoot and fruit borer
 Jassids
 Epilachna beetle

19.  Pureline selection
 Pedigree method
 Bulk method
 Modified pedigree (single seed descent)
 Combination of bulk and pedigree methods
 Backcrossing
 Heterosis breeding

20.  Pureline selection is applicable to land
laces/heterogeneous materials collected from
farmers field.
 In this method original stock seed is space
planted, preferably in wilt sick plot.
 Individual plant are examined at full fruiting
stage and superior individual plants based on
earliness, fruit shape, size, colour, yield (visual
estimate) plant type, resistant to
pest/diseases are selected and harvested
separately.

21.  Next year individual plant progenies (10 m
long, 3 rows) are planted and uniform
progenies with desirable traits are selected
and seeds of plants within a selected progeny
row are bulked and a new line is thus
constituted for further traits.
 In case some individual plant progenies show
segregation, individual plant selection may
be repeated.

22.  In pedigree method individual plants are
selected in segregating generations from a
cross on the basis of their desirability judged
individually and on the basis of pedigree
record.
 Selection of parental cultivar is crucial for
the success of this method.
 The parental line selected are usually
superior lines lacking in a few desirable trait
only and of better general combining ability.
 Such lines in eggplant are as follows:
 Pusa purple long, Pusa purple cluster, Pant
samrat, Pant rituraj, PH 4, Pusa kranti, KT 4,
Azad kranti, H 7, Hissar Shyamal (H 8), Jamuni
Gola, Punjab Barsati, NDB 25, BB 7, BWR 12.

23.  Backcross should normally be followed to
transfer genes conferring resistance to
diseases, for example, bacterial wilt
resistance which has been shown to be under
a single dominant gene.

24.  Single seed descent method is a selection
procedure in which F2 plants and their
progeny are advanced by single seed from
each plant until genetic purity is virtually
attained i.e. up to F6 after which the same
procedure is applied as applicable under
pedigree method.
 Under this even poor crop can be advanced
to the next generation because a few seeds
are collected from each plant without
exercising any selection.

25.  Considerable heterosis for fruit yield, Quality
and resistance to diseases has been reported
in eggplant.
 F1 hybrids are becoming popular day by day
where manual emasculation and pollination
are very much in practical use.

26. A few combinations found promising and worth
exploiting on commercial scale are as follows:
 Pusa purple long × Pant samrat
 Pusa purple long × NDB 225
 Pant samrat × NDB 225
 Pusa purple long × Punjab bahar
 Pant samrat × Punjab barsati
 Black long × Pusa purple long
 PH 4 × S 16
 Ludhiana local long × Pusa purple long
 Ludhiana local long × PH 4
 Pusa purple cluster × Pusa kranti

27.  Fruit and shoot borer i.e.
Leucinodes arbonalis being the
most destructive pest in brinjal
crop, efforts have been made to
develop insect resistance brinjal
varieties by incorporating cry1 Ac
gene in brinjal from a bacterium
mainly Bacillus thuringiensis,
commonly known as Bt Brinjal.
 The Bt brinjal developed by
Maharashtra Hybrid Seed Company
Limited containing cry1 Ac gene is
in the advanced stages of large
scale field evaluation.

28.  MAHYCO also has transferred Bt brinjal
technology to public sector institutions
viz. TNAU, Coimbatore; UAS, Dharwad
and IIVR Varanasi, who has successfully
backcrossed event EE1 into locally
adopted open pollinated brinjal varieties.
 The technology has been also transferred
to institute of Plant Breeding of the
University of Philippines.
 NRC on Plant Biotechnology (NRCPB), New
Delhi has also developed Bt Brinjal by
incorporating Cry1 gene into brinjal .

29.  Isolation distance
 Breeder/ foundation seed - 200 m
 Certified seed – 100 m

30.  IARI, New Delhi
 Pusa Purple long
 Pusa Purple cluster
 Pusa Kranti
 Pusa Hybrid 6
 Pusa Bhairav
 Pusa Anupam
 Pusa uttam
 Pusa upkar
 Pusa bindu
 Pusa Hyb. 5
 Pusa Hyb. 6
 Pusa Hyb. 9

31.  IIHR, Bangalore
 Arka Navneet
 Arka Kasumakar
 GBPUAT, Pantnagar
 Pant Samrat
 Pant Rituraj
 Pant Brinjal Hybrid 1
 Pant Brinjal 4
 PAU, Ludhiana
 Jamuni Gola Baingan
 Punjab Barsati
 PH 4
 Punjab Neelam PU

32.  TNAU, Coimbatore
 COBH.2 (2002)
 It is hybrid between EP-65 × Pusa Uttam, fruits are
medium size slightly oblonged and gloosy violet in
colour. Avg. yield 58 tons/ha.
 COBH.1 (2001)
 It is hybrid between EP-45 × CO2, fruits are dark voilet
in colour. Yield about 56 tons/ ha.

33.  MPKV, Rahuri
 Krishna
 Krishna is fuji hybrid, developed by MPKV, Rahuri. For
western Maharashtra. Egg shaped spiny purple
coloured fruit. Resistance to lodging. Avg. yield 480
q/ha.
 Manjari Gota
 Develoed by selection from a local germplasm
collected from village Manjari near Pune and released
by MPKV, Rahuri in 1965 for western Maharashtra.
Fruits round purple. Avg. yield 250 q/ ha.
 Pragati
 Developed by selection from a cross Vaishali × Manjari
gota and released in 1988. fruit are egg shaped purple
colour. Resistant to lodging. Duration 180- 190 days.
Avg. yield 350 q/ha.

34.  Vaishali
 Developed by selection from cross Manjari gota × Arka
Kusumakar and released by MPKV, Rahuri in 1995.
 Phule Harit
 Developed by employing pureline selection avg. weight
190 g, fruit length 16.2 cm fruit colour is green with
white stripes at the tip. Avg. yield 330 q/ha.
 Phule Arjun (RBH-9)
 Higher yield, fruits are oval, thorny, attractive green
in colour with purple and white stripes, suitable for
kharif and summer season. Released by MPKV, Rahuri
in 2011.

35.  PDKV, Akola
 Aruna
 Fruits are oval in shape and violet in colour. Avg. yield
360 to 385 q/ha in kharif. 200 to 225q/ ha summer in
season.
 VNMAU, Parbhani
 Anuradha
 Shining and attractive fruit colour (purple and strips).
 Fruits are born in cluster with spines on fruits leaves and
stems.
 ABV-1
 It has erect plant habits with faint purple stem colour
and dark green leaves. Fruits are small (50 g/fruit),
round, green, purple strips and spines on calyx. Avg. yield
250 q/ha.

36. THANK YOU…