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Principles on Business and Human Rights Perspective.
Rajiv Maher – Senior Advisor
Corporate Engagement Programme Coordinator
© 2013 DIHR1
2. About the Danish Institute for Human Rights
• National Human Rights Institution
• Est. 1987 by act of Danish Parliament
• 100+ staff
• Work with business, government, and
civil society in 30+ countries
• Human Rights and Business since 1999
© 2014 DIHR
4. “Human rights are universal legal guarantees protecting
individuals and groups against actions which interfere with
fundamental freedoms and human dignity”
— Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
What are human rights?
© 2014 DIHR
5. Examples of human rights
Civil and political rights Economic social and cultural rights Core labour standards
Access to remedy
Standard of living, housing, food,
water Child labour
Arbitrary arrest and detention Cultural life Discrimination in empl. /occupation
Assembly and association Education Forced or compulsory labour
Children’s rights Family life Association and coll. bargaining
Equality before the law Health
Fair trial Non-discrimination and equality Additional standards
Life, liberty and sec. of person Rest and leisure Indigenous Peoples Rights
Freedom of movement Self-determination International Humanitarian Law
Non-discrimination and
equality Social security …
Opinion, expression,
information Just and favourable conditions of work
Privacy
Property
Rights of minorities
Slavery
Take part in government
Thought, conscience, religion
Torture, degrading treatment
© 2014 DIHR
6. INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW
NATIONAL LAW
How are human rights implemented?
RIGHTS-HOLDERS
INDIVIDUALS - FAMILIES - COMMUNITIES - GROUPS
Compliance
GOVERNMENT - PUBLIC BODIES - PRIVATE SECTOR
© 2014 DIHR
8. UN “Protect, Respect and Remedy”
Framework and Guiding Principles
1. State duty to protect against
human rights abuses by third parties,
including business, through appropriate
policies, regulation, and adjudication
2. Corporate responsibility to
respect human rights, which means to
act with due diligence to avoid
infringing on the rights of others
3. Access by victims to effective
remedies, judicial and non-judicial
Business & Human Rights: Background
2005 - 2008:
UN Framework
2008 - 2011:
Guiding Principles
2011-2014: UN WG /
Implementation
9. II. Corporate
responsibility
to respect
human rights
Pillar II. The corporate responsibility
“Business enterprises should respect human
rights. This means that they should avoid
infringing on the human rights of others and
should address adverse human rights impacts
with which they are involved.” (Guiding Principle
11)
© 2014 DIHR
10. II. Corporate
responsibility
to respect
human rights
Communicate
and Report
Assess Impacts
Integrate and
Act on Findings
Human rights due diligence: Procedure
Policy
Commitment
Track and Monitor
Identify and
Remedy
Grievances
© 2014 DIHR
“The steps a company takes to identify, prevent, mitigate and address
the adverse human rights impacts of its activities and relationships.”
12. Identifying human rights impacts
Scenario Which human rights might be
impacted?
Company pollution of the groundwater Right to health
Right to an adequate standard of living
Right to safe drinking water and sanitation
Harassment by security staff Right to security of person
Right to non-discrimination
Access to spiritual sites Right to cultural life
Right to remedy
Government resettlement of local communities Right to property
Right to adequate housing
Compensation to formal land title holders Right to property
Right to adequate housing
Peoples’ access to farming and fishing areas Right to an adequate standard of living
Consultation with community leaders Right to non-discrimination
© 2014 DIHR
13. What the Guiding Principles do not
Address
• Affected Community Consent for project
planning.
• No reference to ILO169
• Empowerment of affected Rights Holders
(Employees, Communities and others) for
decision making – Human rights impacts.
• Power Imbalances between Business and
Rights Holders – Company Lead.
14. Questions for Reflection
• Would following Due Diligence from UN
Guiding Principles lead to Acceptance from
Los Huaves and Zapotecas?
– Is consulting with the affected communities
enough? Consent?
–Who gets to decide how well Human rights
are being respected?