On This Day In TCXPI History Gives Honor, Respect, and Tribute to Our African, African-American, and Black Ancestors both Sung and Un Sung who have in someway contributed to World and Human Civilization.
We Must Never Forget their many contributions - the Good, the Bad, and the Ugly, which has brought us to where we are TODAY.
And as we continue to struggle for Equity and Social Justice in a Society full of Hate and Racism, we must FOREVER Recognize, 24/7/365, Our Own Who Died In This War Of Inequality, Disparity, and Injustice! Their Courage, Fearlessness, Self-Determination, and Resilience will Never Be Forgotten.
On This Day In TCXPI Black History - November 2014
1. ON THIS DAY IN
TCXPI HISTORY
Celebrating The Life And
Legacy Of
Sarah Tanner Mossell
Alexander
01/02/1898 - 11/01/1989
A LIFETIME JOURNEY TOWARDS EDUCATION THAT IS
INCLUSIVE OF ALL AFRICAN, AFRICAN-AMERICAN, AND
BLACK HISTORY, NOT JUST PART OF IT.
2. ON THIS DAY IN TCXPI HISTORY
Sankofa
November 2, 1889
Menelik II crowned
Negusa-Nagast (King of
Kings) of Abyssinia,
Ethiopia.
A LIFETIME JOURNEY TOWARDS EDUCATION THAT IS
INCLUSIVE OF ALL AFRICAN, AFRICAN-AMERICAN, AND
BLACK HISTORY, NOT JUST PART OF IT.
3. ON THIS DAY IN
TCXPI HISTORY
Celebrating The Life And
Legacy Of
Charles Dean Dixon
01/10/1915 - 11/03/1976
A LIFETIME JOURNEY TOWARDS EDUCATION THAT IS
INCLUSIVE OF ALL AFRICAN, AFRICAN-AMERICAN, AND
BLACK HISTORY, NOT JUST PART OF IT.
4. ON THIS DAY IN TCXPI HISTORY
Acknowledgment Of Our
Ancestors
Rayford Whittingham
Logan
01/07/1897 – 11/04/1982
A LIFETIME JOURNEY TOWARDS EDUCATION THAT IS
INCLUSIVE OF ALL AFRICAN, AFRICAN-AMERICAN, AND
BLACK HISTORY, NOT JUST PART OF IT.
5. ON THIS DAY IN
TCXPI HISTORY
Acknowledgment Of Our
Ancestors
Daisy Lee
Gatson Bates
11/11/1914 - 11/04/1999
A LIFETIME JOURNEY TOWARDS EDUCATION THAT IS
INCLUSIVE OF ALL AFRICAN, AFRICAN-AMERICAN, AND
BLACK HISTORY, NOT JUST PART OF IT.
6. ON THIS DAY IN TCXPI HISTORY
Acknowledgment Of Our
Ancestors
Willis Richardson
11/05/1889 – 11/07/1977
A LIFETIME JOURNEY TOWARDS EDUCATION THAT IS
INCLUSIVE OF ALL AFRICAN, AFRICAN-AMERICAN, AND
BLACK HISTORY, NOT JUST PART OF IT.
7. ON THIS DAY IN
TCXPI HISTORY
Celebrating The Life And
Legacy Of
Derrick Albert Bell, Jr.
11/06/1930 – 10/05/2011
A LIFETIME JOURNEY TOWARDS EDUCATION THAT IS
INCLUSIVE OF ALL AFRICAN, AFRICAN-AMERICAN, AND
BLACK HISTORY, NOT JUST PART OF IT.
8. ON THIS DAY IN TCXPI HISTORY
Celebrating The Life And Legacy
Of
Joseph Billy “Smokin” Joe
Frazier
01/12/1944 – 11/07/2011
A LIFETIME JOURNEY TOWARDS EDUCATION THAT IS
INCLUSIVE OF ALL AFRICAN, AFRICAN-AMERICAN, AND
BLACK HISTORY, NOT JUST PART OF IT.
9. ON THIS DAY IN TCXPI HISTORY
SANKOFA
November 8, 1958
Mayibuye Resistance
10. ON THIS DAY IN
TCXPI HISTORY
Celebrating The Life And
Legacy Of
Miriam Makeba
03/04/1932 – 11/09/2008
A LIFETIME JOURNEY TOWARDS EDUCATION THAT IS
INCLUSIVE OF ALL AFRICAN, AFRICAN-AMERICAN, AND
BLACK HISTORY, NOT JUST PART OF IT.
11. ON THIS DAY IN TCXPI HISTORY
Celebrating The Life And
Legacy Of
Dorothy Jean Dandridge
11/09/1922 – 09/08/1965
A LIFETIME JOURNEY TOWARDS EDUCATION THAT IS
INCLUSIVE OF ALL AFRICAN, AFRICAN-AMERICAN, AND
BLACK HISTORY, NOT JUST PART OF IT.
12. ON THIS DAY IN
TCXPI HISTORY
Acknowledgment Of Our Ancestors
Moise Kapenda Tshombe
11/10/1919 – 06/29/1969
A LIFETIME JOURNEY TOWARDS EDUCATION THAT IS
INCLUSIVE OF ALL AFRICAN, AFRICAN-AMERICAN, AND
BLACK HISTORY, NOT JUST PART OF IT.
13. ON THIS DAY IN TCXPI HISTORY
Happy Earth Day
Hubert Laws, Jr.
11/10/1939
A LIFETIME JOURNEY TOWARDS EDUCATION THAT IS
INCLUSIVE OF ALL AFRICAN, AFRICAN-AMERICAN, AND
BLACK HISTORY, NOT JUST PART OF IT.
14. ON THIS DAY IN
TCXPI HISTORY
Acknowledgment Of Our
Ancestors
Nathaniel “Nat” Turner
10/02/1800 – 11/11/1831
A LIFETIME JOURNEY TOWARDS EDUCATION THAT IS
INCLUSIVE OF ALL AFRICAN, AFRICAN-AMERICAN, AND
BLACK HISTORY, NOT JUST PART OF IT.
15. ON THIS DAY IN TCXPI HISTORY
Acknowledgment Of Our
Ancestors
Moses Williams
10/10/1845 – 08/23/1899
A LIFETIME JOURNEY TOWARDS EDUCATION THAT IS
INCLUSIVE OF ALL AFRICAN, AFRICAN-AMERICAN, AND
BLACK HISTORY, NOT JUST PART OF IT.
16. ON THIS DAY IN
TCXPI HISTORY
Acknowledgment Of Our
Ancestors
Leonard Roy Harmon
01/21/1917 – 11/13/1942
A LIFETIME JOURNEY TOWARDS EDUCATION THAT IS
INCLUSIVE OF ALL AFRICAN, AFRICAN-AMERICAN, AND
BLACK HISTORY, NOT JUST PART OF IT.
17. ON THIS DAY IN TCXPI HISTORY
Acknowledgment Of Our
Ancestors
Mabel Fairbanks
11/14/1916 – 09/29/2001
A LIFETIME JOURNEY TOWARDS EDUCATION THAT IS
INCLUSIVE OF ALL AFRICAN, AFRICAN-AMERICAN, AND
BLACK HISTORY, NOT JUST PART OF IT.
18. ON THIS DAY IN TCXPI HISTORY
Acknowledgment Of Our
Ancestors
Booker Taliafero
Washington
04/05/1856 - 11/14/1915
A LIFETIME JOURNEY TOWARDS EDUCATION THAT IS
INCLUSIVE OF ALL AFRICAN, AFRICAN-AMERICAN, AND
BLACK HISTORY, NOT JUST PART OF IT.
19. ON THIS DAY IN TCXPI HISTORY
Acknowledgment Of Our
Ancestors
John Mercer Langston
12/14/1829 – 11/15/1897
A LIFETIME JOURNEY TOWARDS EDUCATION THAT IS
INCLUSIVE OF ALL AFRICAN, AFRICAN-AMERICAN, AND
BLACK HISTORY, NOT JUST PART OF IT.
20. ON THIS DAY IN TCXPI HISTORY
Acknowledgment Of Our
Ancestors
Kwame Ture
06/29/1941 - 11/15/1998
A LIFETIME JOURNEY TOWARDS EDUCATION THAT IS
INCLUSIVE OF ALL AFRICAN, AFRICAN-AMERICAN,
AND BLACK HISTORY, NOT JUST PART OF IT.
21. ON THIS DAY IN TCXPI HISTORY
Acknowledgment Of Our
Ancestors
Chinua Achebe
11/16/1930 – 03/21/2013
A LIFETIME JOURNEY TOWARDS EDUCATION THAT IS
INCLUSIVE OF ALL AFRICAN, AFRICAN-AMERICAN, AND
BLACK HISTORY, NOT JUST PART OF IT.
22. ON THIS DAY IN TCXPI HISTORY
Acknowledgment Of Our
Ancestors
Samuel Leamon Younge, Jr.
11/17/1944 - 01/03/1966
23. ON THIS DAY IN TCXPI HISTORY
Acknowledgment Of Our
Ancestors
William Henry Hastie
11/17/1904 – 04/14/1976
A LIFETIME JOURNEY TOWARDS EDUCATION THAT IS
INCLUSIVE OF ALL AFRICAN, AFRICAN-AMERICAN, AND
BLACK HISTORY, NOT JUST PART OF IT.
24. ON THIS DAY IN TCXPI HISTORY
The African Statistics
Day
November 18, 1990
A LIFETIME JOURNEY TOWARDS EDUCATION THAT IS
INCLUSIVE OF ALL AFRICAN, AFRICAN-AMERICAN, AND
BLACK HISTORY, NOT JUST PART OF IT.
25. ON THIS DAY IN TCXPI HISTORY
Acknowledgment Of Our
Ancestors
Ruben Rivers
10/31/1918 - 11/19/1944
A LIFETIME JOURNEY TOWARDS EDUCATION THAT IS
INCLUSIVE OF ALL AFRICAN, AFRICAN-AMERICAN, AND
BLACK HISTORY, NOT JUST PART OF IT.
26. ON THIS DAY IN TCXPI HISTORY
Acknowledgment Of Our
Ancestors
Sojourner Truth
11/19/1797 – 11/26/1883
A LIFETIME JOURNEY TOWARDS EDUCATION THAT IS
INCLUSIVE OF ALL AFRICAN, AFRICAN-AMERICAN, AND
BLACK HISTORY, NOT JUST PART OF IT.
27. ON THIS DAY IN TCXPI HISTORY
Acknowledgment Of Our
Ancestors
November 20
Zumbi dos Palmares
Black Consciousness
Day, Brazil
A LIFETIME JOURNEY TOWARDS EDUCATION THAT IS
INCLUSIVE OF ALL AFRICAN, AFRICAN-AMERICAN, AND
BLACK HISTORY, NOT JUST PART OF IT.
28. ON THIS DAY IN TCXPI HISTORY
Acknowledgment Of Our
Ancestors
Margaret Taylor
Goss Burroughs
11/01/1917 – 11/21/2010
A LIFETIME JOURNEY TOWARDS EDUCATION THAT IS
INCLUSIVE OF ALL AFRICAN, AFRICAN-AMERICAN, AND
BLACK HISTORY, NOT JUST PART OF IT.
29. ON THIS DAY IN TCXPI HISTORY
Acknowledgment Of Our
Ancestors
Alrutheus Ambush
Taylor
11/22/1893 – 06/04/1955
A LIFETIME JOURNEY TOWARDS EDUCATION THAT IS
INCLUSIVE OF ALL AFRICAN, AFRICAN-AMERICAN, AND
BLACK HISTORY, NOT JUST PART OF IT.
32. ON THIS DAY IN TCXPI HISTORY
Acknowledgment Of Our
Ancestors
Percy Ellis Sutton
11/24/1920 – 12/26/2009
A LIFETIME JOURNEY TOWARDS EDUCATION THAT IS
INCLUSIVE OF ALL AFRICAN, AFRICAN-AMERICAN, AND
BLACK HISTORY, NOT JUST PART OF IT.
33. ON THIS DAY IN TCXPI HISTORY
Acknowledgment Of Our
Ancestors
John Herman Henry
Sengstacke
11/25/1912 – 05/28/1997
A LIFETIME JOURNEY TOWARDS EDUCATION THAT IS
INCLUSIVE OF ALL AFRICAN, AFRICAN-AMERICAN, AND
BLACK HISTORY, NOT JUST PART OF IT.
34. ON THIS DAY IN TCXPI HISTORY
Acknowledgment Of Our
Ancestors
Harold Lee Washington
11/24/1920 – 11/25/1987
A LIFETIME JOURNEY TOWARDS EDUCATION THAT IS
INCLUSIVE OF ALL AFRICAN, AFRICAN-AMERICAN, AND
BLACK HISTORY, NOT JUST PART OF IT.
35. ON THIS DAY IN TCXPI HISTORY
Acknowledgment Of Our
Ancestors
Marshall Walter “Major”
Taylor
11/26/1878 – 06/21/1932
A LIFETIME JOURNEY TOWARDS EDUCATION THAT IS
INCLUSIVE OF ALL AFRICAN, AFRICAN-AMERICAN, AND
BLACK HISTORY, NOT JUST PART OF IT.
36. ON THIS DAY IN TCXPI HISTORY
Celebrating The Life And
Legacy
Jimi Hendrix
11/27/1942 – 09/18/1970
A LIFETIME JOURNEY TOWARDS EDUCATION THAT IS
INCLUSIVE OF ALL AFRICAN, AFRICAN-AMERICAN, AND
BLACK HISTORY, NOT JUST PART OF IT.
37. ON THIS DAY IN TCXPI HISTORY
Acknowledgment Of Our
Ancestors
Richard Nathaniel Wright
09/04/1908 – 11/28/1960
A LIFETIME JOURNEY TOWARDS EDUCATION THAT IS
INCLUSIVE OF ALL AFRICAN, AFRICAN-AMERICAN, AND
BLACK HISTORY, NOT JUST PART OF IT.
38. ON THIS DAY IN TCXPI HISTORY
Acknowledgment Of Our
Ancestors
William V.S. Tubman
11/29/1895 – 07/23/1971
A LIFETIME JOURNEY TOWARDS EDUCATION THAT IS
INCLUSIVE OF ALL AFRICAN, AFRICAN-AMERICAN, AND
BLACK HISTORY, NOT JUST PART OF IT.
39. ON THIS DAY IN TCXPI HISTORY
Unbought And Unbossed
Shirley Anita St. Hill
Chisholm
11/30/1924 – 01/01/2005
A LIFETIME JOURNEY TOWARDS EDUCATION THAT IS
INCLUSIVE OF ALL AFRICAN, AFRICAN-AMERICAN, AND
BLACK HISTORY, NOT JUST PART OF IT.
40. ON THIS DAY IN TCXPI HISTORY
Celebrating The Life and
Legacy Of
James Arthur Baldwin
08/02/1924 – 11/30/1987
A LIFETIME JOURNEY TOWARDS EDUCATION THAT IS
INCLUSIVE OF ALL AFRICAN, AFRICAN-AMERICAN, AND
BLACK HISTORY, NOT JUST PART OF IT.
Hinweis der Redaktion
On This Day In TCXPI History
Saddie Tanner Mossell Alexander, The First Black Woman To: Obtain a Ph.D. in Economics in the U.S.(Univ. Of Penn, 1921); Graduate from University Of Pennsylvania Law School (1924); Be Admitted To the Pennsylvania Bar (1927) and; Hold A National Office In The National Bar Association (1943).
Sources:
http://www.blackpast.org/aah/alexander-sadie-tanner-mossell-1898-1989#sthash.7y3hIhEW.dpuf
http://afroamhistory.about.com/od/biographies/a/SadieTannerMossellAlexander.htm
http://webgui.phila.k12.pa.us/schools/p/penn-alexander/about-us/biography-of-sadie-alexander
On This Day In TCXPI History
On November 2, 1889 Menelik II was crowned Negusa-Nagast (King of Kings) of Abyssinia, Ethiopia.
By 1899 Abyssinia had extended as far as Kenya in the south, Somaliland in the East, and the Sudan in the West.
During his reign, Menelik II devoted much of his time to the building of railroads, schools, hospitals and industries. Menelik II is probably most known for leading his country to victory over the Italian forces who sought to colonize his country in 1896.
Sources:
http://www.blackfacts.com/fact/a0481e35-4370-4c96-a780-2dcaf78f51ea
http://www.ethiopiantreasures.co.uk/pages/menelik.htm
http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Menelik_II.aspx
On This Day In TCXPI History
Charles Dean Dixon, Orchestra Conductor.
Charles Dean Dixon was born January 10, 1915 in New York City. He studied conducting at the Juilliard School and Columbia University.
In 1931, when early pursuits of conducting engagements were stifled by racial bias, Charles Dean Dixon formed his own orchestra and choral society.
In 1941, he led the New York Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra as their First African American conductor.
He left the United States in 1949 for Paris where he started his European career conducting the Radio Symphony Orchestra of the French National Radio. He also guest conducted the Israel Philharmonic during 1950 and 1951 and accepted invitations to conduct in Italy, Denmark, and Sweden. From 1953 to 1960, he was Artistic and Musical Director of the Gothenburg Symphony Orchestra of Sweden. From 1961 until 1974, he acted as Musical Director of the Frankfurt Radio Symphony Orchestra (then called the Hessische Rundfunk). From 1964 to 1967 he was appointed Musical Director of the Sydney Symphony Orchestra.
In 1974, he returned to the U.S. to guest conduct the New York Philharmonic, Chicago Symphony Orchestra, Philadelphia Orchestra, and the San Francisco Symphony.
Charles Dean Dixon was honored by the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers with the Award of Merit for encouraging the participation of American youth in music.
Charles Dean Dixon transitioned on November 3, 1976.
Sources:
http://thewright.org/explore/blog/entry/today-in-black-history-1132012-1
http://www.aaregistry.org/historic_events/view/dean-dixon-world-renowned-conductor
On This Day In TCXPI History
Rayford Whittingham Logan, Historian and Pan-African Activist.
Rayford Logan was born January 7, 1897 in Washington, D.C.
He earned his Bachelor of Arts degree from Williams College in 1917 and enlisted in the United States Army.
In 1919, he requested, and was granted a discharge because of his dissatisfaction with the treatment of African Americans.
For the next five years, he lived and worked in Europe.
Rayford Logan returned to the U.S. in the mid-1920s and earned his Master of Arts degree in history from Williams College in 1929. He went on to earn another Master of Arts degree in 1932 and his Ph.D. in 1936 from Harvard University.
Rayford Logan was best known for his study of the post-Reconstruction period of the United States.
In 1932, he was appointed to President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Black Cabinet where he drafted the executive order prohibiting the exclusion of Blacks from the military in World War II.
In the late 1940s, he was the chief advisor to the NAACP on international affairs. From 1950 to 1951, he served as the director of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History.
Rayford Logan was also a long-standing scholar and professor at Howard University. In 1980, Logan was awarded the NAACP Spingarn Medal. His biography, “Rayford W. Logan and the Dilemma of the African American Intellectual,” was published in 1993.
Rayford Whittingham Logan transitioned on November 4, 1982.
Source:
http://thewright.org/explore/blog/entry/today-in-black-history-1142012-1
On This Day In TCXPI History
Daisy Lee Gatson Bates, Journalist and Civil Rights Leader.
Daisy Bates was born November 11, 1914 in Huttig, Arkansas.
In 1941, Mrs. Bates and her husband started a local Black newspaper, The Arkansas State Press, which was an avid voice for civil rights.
In 1952, she was elected president of the Arkansas State Conference of NAACP branches.
Mrs. Bates guided and advised the nine students, known as the Little Rock Nine, when they attempted to enroll at Little Rock Central High School in 1957.
Her involvement in that resulted in the loss of most advertising revenue for their newspaper and it was forced to close in 1959.
Mrs. Bates was the 1958 recipient of the NAACP Spingarn Medal.
In 1960, Bates moved to New York City and wrote her memoir, “The Long Shadow of Little Rock,” which won a 1988 National Book Award.
The Daisy Bates Elementary School in Little Rock is named in her honor and the 3rd Monday of February is designated Daisy Gatson Bates Day, an official Arkansas state holiday.
Daisy Lee Gatson Bates transitioned on November 4, 1999.
Source:
http://thewright.org/explore/blog/entry/today-in-black-history-1142012-1
On This Day In TCXPI History
Willis Richardson, Playwright, was born in Wilmington, North Carolina on November 5, 1889.
Raised in Washington, D.C., in 1921, Willis Richardson staged his first play, “The Deacon’s Awakening.”
In 1923, he became the First African American playwright to have a non-musical production on Broadway with “The Chip Woman’s Fortune.”
This was followed by “Mortgaged” (1923), “The Broken Banjo” (1925), and “Bootblack Lover” (1926).
The last two plays were awarded the Amy Spingarn Prize for Art and Literature.
Willis Richardson died November 7, 1977 and was posthumously awarded the Audience Development Committee (AUDELCO) prize for his contribution to American theater.
Sources:
http://thewright.org/explore/blog/entry/today-in-black-history-1152012-1
http://www.aaregistry.org/historic_events/view/willis-richardson-playwright-black-history
On This Day In TCXPI History
Derrick Albert Bell, Jr., the First tenured African American Professor of Law at Harvard University and the originator of Critical Race Theory, was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on November 6, 1930.
Derrick Bell earned his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1952 from Duquesne University.
After serving in the United States Army in Korea from 1952 to 1954, Derrick Bell earned his Bachelor of Laws degree from the University of Pittsburgh School of Law in 1957.
After graduating, Mr. Bell joined the Civil Rights Division of the U.S. Justice Department. In 1959, he was asked to resign his membership in the NAACP because it was thought that his objectivity might be compromised. Rather than give up his membership, he quit the job. He then joined the NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund where he supervised more than 300 school desegregation cases, including leading the effort to secure admission of James Meredith to the University of Mississippi.
In 1969, Mr. Bell was hired to teach at Harvard Law School and in 1971 became their First Black tenured professor.
In 1980, he became dean of the University of Oregon School of Law, but resigned in 1985 over a dispute about faculty diversity. He returned to Harvard in 1986, but took an extended leave in 1990 over hiring practices at the university.
Derrick Bell then became a visiting professor at New York University.
He authored several books, including “Race, Racism and American Law” (1973) and “The Faces at the Bottom of the Well: The Permanence of Racism” (1992).
Derrick Albert Bell, Jr. transitioned on October 5, 2011.
Sources:
http://thewright.org/explore/blog/entry/today-in-black-history-1162012-1
http://professorderrickbell.com/about/
http://www.thehistorymakers.com/biography/derrick-bell-40
On This Day In TCXPI History
Joseph Billy “Smokin’ Joe” Frazier, Hall Of Fame Boxer, transitioned on this day November 7, 2011.
Joe Frazier was born January 12, 1944 in Beaufort, South Carolina.
He won the Gold medal in the heavyweight boxing division at the 1964 Tokyo Olympic Games and turned professional in 1965.
He won the World Heavyweight Boxing Championship in 1970 and held the title until 1973.
Joe Frazier is most remembered for his three epic bouts with Muhammad Ali, including the “Thrilla in Manila.
Smokin Joe Frazier retired from boxing in 1976 with a record of 32 wins, 4 losses, and 1 draw.
After retiring, Frazier trained fighters at his gym in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 1990 and published his autobiography, “Smokin’ Joe: The Autobiography of a Heavyweight Champion of the World, Smokin’ Joe Frazier,” in 1996.
Source:
http://thewright.org/explore/blog/entry/today-in-black-history-1172012-1
For More Daily Black History, visit https://www.facebook.com/TCXPIHistory
On This Day In TCXPI History
Mayibuye Resistance, South Africa
The Mayibuye Resistance that took place on, November 8, 1952 at Number Two location in Galeshew, was as a result of the culmination of the Defiance Campaign which started in 1952.
The campaign was meant to protest against unjust laws used by the apartheid regime to oppress black people in South Africa.
On 7 November 1952, protesters led by Dr Arthur Alias Letele demonstrated against apartheid laws by occupying racially segregated public spaces in Kimberley. They blocked whites-only entrances to the main post office and defiantly sat on whites-only benches at the railway station.
Dr Letele and seven other leaders were arrested. That fuelled further resentment and led to resistance in Galeshewe Number Two Location where both public and private properties were destroyed.
The protest continued into the second day, November 8, with more arrests. The police station and several other buildings including the crèche were burnt. Police, municipal and private vehicles were set alight. When the protesters were marching towards town, they were stopped by the police who indiscriminately opened fire on them. Thirteen people were killed and seven injured.
Sources:
http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/mayibuye-uprising-black-south-africans-slaves-land-their-birth-rose-peacefully-throw-the
http://www.nctimes.co.za/61st-mayibuye-uprising-anniversary/http://www.thenewage.co.za/mobi/Detail.aspx?NewsID=69088&CatID=1015
On This Day In TCXPI History
Miriam Makeba, South African Singer and Activist
South African Singer and Activist Miriam Makeba transitioned at the age of 76 after a 30 minute performance for Roberto Saviano in the Italian town of Caserta. Nicknamed 'Mama Africa' or the 'Empress of African Song', Makeba's music transcended South African borders and entered the global stage. Makeba built her reputation in the music industry in the 1950s singing for the Cuban Brothers and the Manhattan Brothers and the Skylarks.
In 1959 Makeba starred in the anti-apartheid documentary Come Back, Africa which placed the apartheid government under the international spotlight. As consequence she was subjected to harassment by the apartheid government. Her passport was revoked and withdrawn while she was outside the country leading to her stay in exile in London. When her mother died in 1960 she could not return to her funeral because her passport had been revoked.
Sources:
http://www.biography.com/people/miriam-makeba-9395996
http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/miriam-makeba-south-african-singer-dies
On This Day In TCXPI History
Dorothy Jean Dandridge, Singer and Actress.
Dorothy Dandridge was born November 9, 1922 in Cleveland, Ohio. As a young child, she and her sister toured the South with an act called The Wonder Children.
Dorothy Dandridge initially gained fame because of her singing ability and as a solo performer in nightclubs around the country. She first appeared on screen in 1935 and in 1937 appeared in the Marx Brothers feature “A Day at the Races.”
In 1954, Dorothy Dandridge was cast as the lead in “Carmen Jones” which was a commercial success and resulted in her being nominated for the 1955 Academy Award for Best Actress.
She was the Third African American to be nominated for an Academy Award and the First in the Best Actress category. She also appeared in “Island in the Sun” (1957) and “Porgy and Bess” (1959).
In the early 1960s, Dorothy Dandridge suffered significant financial difficulties and alone and without any singing or acting engagements, suffered a nervous breakdown.
In 1999, HBO presented the movie “Introducing Dorothy Dandridge.”
Dorothy Dandridge has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for her contribution to the motion picture industry.
Biographies of Dandridge include “Dorothy Dandridge: A Portrait in Black” (1970) and “Dorothy Dandridge: A Biography” (1997).
Dorothy Jean Dandridge transitioned on September 8, 1965.
Source:
http://thewright.org/explore/blog/entry/today-in-black-history-982012
On This Day In TCXPI History
Moise Kapenda Tshombe, Congolese Politician, was born in Musumba, Congo on November 10, 1919.
In the 1950s, Moise Tshombe founded the CONAKAT political party which espoused an independent, federal Congo.
On August 16, 1960, when the Congo became an independent republic, CONAKAT won control of the Katanga provincial legislature. They declared Katanga’s secession from the rest of the Congo and Moise Tshombe was elected president.
The United Nations forced Katanga to submit to Congolese rule and Moise Tshombe went into exile in 1963. In 1964, he returned to the Congo to serve as prime minister in a coalition government. However in 1965, Joseph Mobutu brought treason charges against Moise Tshombe and he was forced to flee the country again.
Moise Kapenda Tshombe died June 29, 1969 under house arrest in Algeria.
His biographies include “Tshombe” (1967) and “The Rise and Fall of Moise Tshombe: A Biography” (1968).
Source:
http://thewright.org/explore/blog/entry/today-in-black-history-11102012
#tcxpi
For More Daily Black History, Visit https://www.facebook.com/TCXPIHistory
On This Day In TCXPI History
Hubert Laws, Jr., Jazz and Classical Flutist and Saxophonist, was born in Houston, Texas on November 10, 1939.
Laws began playing the flute in high school and at the age of 15 was a member of the Jazz Crusaders. In 1960, he won a scholarship to the Julliard School of Music in New York City.
In 1964, Laws began recording as a bandleader. These recordings include “The Laws of Jazz” (1964), “Wild Flower” (1972), “Make It Last” (1983), and “Flute Adaptations of Rachmanivnov & Barber” (2009).
From 1969 to 1972, Laws played with the New York Metropolitan Opera Orchestra and the New York Philharmonic Orchestra. Laws was named the number one flutist by Downbeat Magazine in 2007, 2009, 2010, and 2011.
He has been nominated for three Grammy Awards and in 2011 was designated a NEA Jazz Master, the highest honor the nation bestows on a jazz artist, by the National Endowment for the Arts.
Source:
http://thewright.org/explore/blog/entry/today-in-black-history-11102012
#tcxpi
For More Daily Black History, visit https://www.facebook.com/TCXPIHistory
On This Day In TCXPI History
A Veteran Of The War In The Peculiar Institution Of Enslavement.
Nathaniel “Nat” Turner, Rebellion Leader, was executed by hanging in Jerusalem, Virginia after initiating a rebellion of enslaved and free black people, November 11, 1831.
Nathaniel Turner was born enslaved October 2, 1800 in Southampton County, Virginia. He learned to read and write at a young age and was deeply religious. By early 1828, he was convinced that he “was ordained for some great purpose in the hands of the Almighty” and that God had given him the task of “slaying my enemies with their own weapons.”
On August 13, 1831, there was a solar eclipse and Nat Turner took that as his signal. On August 21, he began the rebellion with a few trusted enslaved blacks that grew into more than 50 enslaved and free blacks. The rebels traveled from house to house, freeing slaves and killing their white owners. The rebellion was suppressed within 48 hours with approximately 55 white men, women, and children killed.
Nat Turner was captured on October 30 and on November 5, he was convicted and sentenced to death. The state executed 56 other blacks suspected of being involved in the uprising and another 200 blacks, most of whom had nothing to do with the uprising, were beaten, tortured, and murdered by angry white mobs. Also, the Virginia General Assembly passed new laws making it unlawful to teach enslaved or free blacks and mulattoes to read or write and restricting blacks from holding religious meetings without the presence of a licensed white minister.
Nat Turner’s name is enshrined in the Ring of Genealogy at the Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History in Detroit, Michigan.
Source:
http://thewright.org/explore/blog/entry/today-in-black-history-11112012
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November 12, 1896
Moses Williams, a Buffalo Soldier, received the Congressional Medal of Honor, America’s highest military decoration, for his actions during an engagement in the foothills of the Cuchillo Negro Mountains in New Mexico during the Indian Wars.
Moses Williams was born October 10, 1845 in Carrollton, Louisiana. Not much is known of his early life, but by August 16, 1881, he was serving as a First Sergeant in Company I of the 9th Cavalry Regiment.
His citation reads, “Rallied a detachment, skillfully conducted a running fight of 3 or 4 hours, and by his coolness, bravery, and unflinching devotion to duty in standing by his commanding officer in an exposed position under a heavy fire from a large party of Indians saved the lives of at least 3 of his comrades.”
Moses Williams reached the rank of ordinance sergeant before leaving the army in 1898.
Moses Williams died August 23, 1899.
Sources:
http://thewright.org/explore/blog/entry/today-in-black-history-11122012
http://www.goordnance.army.mil/hof/2000/2005/williams.html
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Leonard Roy Harmon, the First African American to have a Navy ship named in his honor.
Leonard R. Harmon was born January 21, 1917 in Cuero, Texas. He enlisted in the United States Navy in June, 1939 and in October of that year was assigned to the USS San Francisco.
By 1942, Harmon had advanced to Mess Attendant First Class. On November 12, 1942, the Japanese began the battle of Guadalcanal by crashing a plane into the USS San Francisco, killing or injuring 50 men.
The next day they raked the USS San Francisco with gunfire, killing nearly every officer on the bridge.
Disregarding his own safety, Mess Attendant First Class Harmon helped to evacuate the wounded. He was killed November 13, 1942 while shielding a wounded shipmate from gunfire with his own body.
For “extraordinary heroism,” he was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross, the highest medal that can be awarded by the U.S. Navy.
On July 25, 1943, the USS Harmon, a destroyer escort named in his honor, was launched. The bachelor enlisted quarters at the United States Naval Air Station in North Island, California was named Harmon Hall in his honor in 1975.
Sources:
The Wright Museum,
http://thewright.org/explore/blog/entry/today-in-black-history-11132012 (Accessed November 13, 2014)
NAVAL HISTORICAL CENTER, http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/pers-us/uspers-h/l-harmon.htm
(Accessed November 13, 2014)
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Mabel Fairbanks, Hall Of Fame Figure Skater and Coach, was born in New York City on November 14, 1916.
Mabel Fairbanks fell in love with figure skating in the 1930s. Despite her ability, she was not allowed to join skating clubs because of her race. She was often told, “We don’t have Negroes in ice shows.”
She eventually left the United States and joined the Rhapsody on Ice Show where she wowed international audiences. When she returned to the U.S., Fairbanks found that the situation had not changed.
After retiring from skating, Mabel Fairbanks started a skating club and coached many future champions, including Scott Hamilton, Tai Babilonia, Randy Gardner, Kristi Yamaguchi, and Tiffany Chin.
In 1997, Mabel Fairbanks became the First African American to be inducted into the United States Figure Skating Hall of Fame.
Mabel Fairbanks died September 29, 2001.
Source:
http://thewright.org/explore/blog/entry/today-in-black-history-11142012
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Booker Taliaferro Washington, Educator, Author, and Political Leader.
Booker T. Washington was born enslaved April 5, 1856 on the Burroughs Plantation in Virginia. His family gained their freedom at the end of the Civil War and Washington was educated at Hampton Institute and Wayland Seminary.
In 1881, Booker T. Washington was appointed the first leader of Tuskegee Institute which he headed for the rest of his life.
Booker T. Washington was the dominant leader of the African American community from 1890 until his death. This was particularly true after his Atlanta Exposition speech of 1895 where he appealed to whites to give blacks a chance to work and develop separately and implied that he would not demand the vote.
Booker T. Washington associated with the richest and most powerful businessmen of the era and became a conduit for their funding of African American educational programs. As a result, numerous schools for blacks were established through his efforts.
In 1901, as the result of an invitation from President Theodore Roosevelt, Washington became the First African American to visit the White House as the guest of the president.
Booker T. Washington authored four books, including his bestselling autobiography “Up from Slavery” (1901).
In 1940, Washington became the First African American to be depicted on a United States postage stamp. On September 29, 1942, the Liberty Ship Booker T. Washington was launched in his honor, the first major ocean going vessel to be named after an African American.
Numerous schools around the country are named in his honor. Biographies of Washington include “Booker T. Washington: Educator and Interracial Interpreter” (1948) and “Booker T. Washington and the Negro’s Place in American Life” (1955).
Booker T. Washington’s name is enshrined in the Ring of Genealogy at the Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History in Detroit, Michigan.
Booker T. Washington transitioned on November 14, 1915.
Source:
The Wright Museum,
http://thewright.org/explore/blog/entry/today-in-black-history-11142012 (Accessed November 14, 2014)
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John Mercer Langston, the First Black Person Elected To Represent Virginia In Congress.
John Mercer Langston was born December 14, 1829 in Louisa County, Virginia.
He earned his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1849 and his Master of Arts degree in theology in 1852 from Oberlin College. He was denied admission to law school because of his race and therefore studied law under an established attorney and was admitted to the Ohio bar in 1854.
John Mercer Langston was active in the abolitionist movement and helped runaways escape to the North along the Ohio part of the Underground Railroad.
In 1858, he was elected president of the Ohio Anti-Slavery Society. In 1864, he was elected president of the National Equal Rights League which called for the abolition of slavery, support of racial unity and self-help, and equality before the law.
John Mercer Langston moved to Washington, D.C. in 1868 to establish and serve as dean of Howard University’s law school which was the First Black Law School in the country.
President Ulysses S. Grant appointed John Mercer Langston a member of the Board of Health of the District of Columbia.
In 1877, President Rutherford B. Hayes appointed him Minister to Haiti and in 1884 he was appointed Charge d’affaires to the Dominican Republic.
In 1885, John Mercer Langston returned to Virginia to become the First President Of Virginia Normal And Collegiate Institute (now Virginia State University).
In 1889, John Mercer Langston ran for Congress and was declared the loser. He contested the results and after an 18 month legal battle, was declared the winner and on September 23, 1890 was seated in the United States House of Representatives. He lost his bid for re-election.
There are several schools named in John Mercer Langston’s honor, including Langston University in Oklahoma. The John Mercer Langston Bar Association in Columbus, Ohio is also named in his honor.
His home in Oberlin, Ohio is designated a National Historic Landmark.
He published his autobiography, “From the Virginia Plantation to the National Capitol: or the First and Only Negro Representative in Congress from the Old Dominion,” in 1894.
His biography, “John Mercer Langston and the Fight for Black Freedom, 1829 – 65,” was published in 1989.
John Mercer Langston transitioned in Washington, D.C. on November 15, 1897.
Source:
http://thewright.org/explore/blog/entry/today-in-black-history-11152012
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Kwame Ture, Political Activist and One of the First Users of the Term “Black Power,”.
Kwame Ture was born Stokely Carmichael on June 29, 1941 in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago.
He earned his Bachelor of Arts degree in philosophy from Howard University in 1964. While at Howard, Kwame Ture became involved with the Nonviolent Action Group, a campus based Civil Rights group that was affiliated with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC).
In 1965, working as a SNCC activist in Lowndes County, Alabama, Kwame Ture helped to increase the number of registered black voters from 70 to 2,600.
Kwame Ture became chairman of SNCC in 1966 and under his leadership the organization became more radical and focused on Black Power as its core goal and ideology.
In 1967, Kwame Ture stepped down as chairman of SNCC and that same year published his book, “Black Power.”
During this period he also lectured around the world, including North Vietnam, China, and Cuba. In 1969, he moved to Guinea-Conakry and became an aide to Guinean Prime Minister Ahmed Sekou Toure.
He also changed his name to Kwame Ture. In 1971, his second book, “Stokely Speaks: Black Power Back to Pan-Africanism,” was published.
Kwame Ture transitioned on November 15, 1998.
Source:
The Wright Museum,
http://thewright.org/explore/blog/entry/today-in-black-history-11152012
(Accessed November 15, 2014)
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Stokely Carmichael (1941 - 1998)
"From Black Power to Pan-Africanism"
Whittier College, Whittier, California - March 22, 1971
http://americanradioworks.publicradio.org/features/blackspeech/scarmichael-2.html
Now, Black people in America are Africans, that's all we are. We may not want to admit that we're Africans but we cannot deny that we came from Africa. And, if you're ashamed of your home, you have problems. If you're ashamed of your background, you have problems. We are Africans.
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Chinua Achebe, a prominent Igbo (Ibo) writer, famous for his novels describing the effects of Western customs and values on traditional African society.
Albert Chinualumogy Achebe was born in Ogidi, Nigeria, on November 16, 1930. The son of a teacher in a missionary school, his parents, though they installed in him many of the values of their traditional Igbo culture, were devout evangelical.
In 1944 Achebe attended Government College in Umuahia. He later attended the University College of Ibadan, where he studied English, history and theology. At the university Achebe rejected his British name and took his indigenous name Chinua.
In 1953 he graduated with a BA. Before joining the Nigerian Broadcasting Company in Lagos in 1954 he traveled in Africa and America, and worked for a short time as a teacher. In the 1960s he was the director of External Services in charge of the Voice of Nigeria.
During the Nigerian Civil War (1967-70) Achebe was in the Biafran government service, and then taught at US and Nigerian universities. Achebe's writings from this period reflect his deep personal disappointment with what Nigeria became since independence.
He subsequently taught at various universities in Nigeria and the United States. Achebe wrote his first novel, Things Fall Apart (1958), partly in response to what he saw as inaccurate characterizations of Africa and Africans by British authors. The book describes the effects on Ibo society of the arrival of European colonizers and missionaries in the late 1800s.
Achebe's later novels No Longer at Ease (1960), Arrow of God (1964), A Man of the People (1966), and Anthills of the Savannah (1987) are set in Africa and describe the struggles of the African people to free themselves from European political influences.
During Nigeria's tumultuous political period of the late 1960s and early 1970s, Achebe became politically active. Most of his literary works of this time address Nigeria's internal conflict (see Nigeria, Federal Republic of: Civil War). These books include the volumes of poetry Beware, Soul Brother (1971) and Christmas in Biafra (1973), the short-story collection Girls at War (1972), and the children's book How the Leopard Got His Claws (1972).
In 1971 Achebe helped to found the influential literary magazine Okike. His other writings include the essay collections Morning Yet on Creation Day (1975), which he later expanded under the title Hopes and Impediments (1988); and The Trouble with Nigeria (1983).
In 1990 Achebe was paralyzed from the waist down as the result of a serious car accident. Despite the setback however, he remained active and has continued writing and publishing. In 2007 Achebe won the Man Booker International Prize for fiction.
Chinua Achebe transitioned on March 21, 2013 in Boston, MA.
Source:
http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/renowned-nigerian-writer-chinua-achebe-born-ogidi-nigeria
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Samuel Leamon Younge, Jr., The First Black College Student To Be Murdered In The Civil Rights Movement.
Samuel Leamon Younge, Jr., was born in Tuskegee, Alabama on November 17, 1944.
After receiving a medical discharge from the United States Navy, Samuel Younge enrolled at Tuskegee Institute in 1965.
He became involved in Civil Rights activities in his first semester. He was involved in the Tuskegee Institute Advancement League, a campus group organized by students to work on desegregating public facilities and lead voter registration drives.
On January 3, 1966, Samuel Younge was shot to death after he tried to use the “Whites only” restroom at a Standard Oil gas station in Macon County, Alabama, becoming the First Black College Student killed as a result of his involvement in the Civil Rights Movement.
After the shooting, the gas station attendant was not indicted for the crime until November, 1966 and he was acquitted by an all-white jury the next month.
Samuel Younge’s story is told in “Sammy Younge, Jr.: The First Black College Student to Die in the Black Liberation Movement” (1968).
Source:
The Wright Museum,
http://thewright.org/explore/blog/entry/today-in-black-history-11172012
(Accessed November 17, 2014)
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William Henry Hastie, Lawyer, Judge, Educator, And Civil Rights Advocate
William Henry Hastie was born in Knoxville, Tennessee on November 17, 1904 .
Hastie earned his Bachelor of Arts degree from Amherst College in 925, graduating first in his class and magna cum laude. He then earned his Bachelor of Laws degree and his Doctor of Judicial Science degree from Harvard Law School in 1930 and 1933, respectively. In 1937, President Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed Hastie to the United States District Court for the Virgin Islands, making him the first African American federal judge. In 1939, Hastie resigned from the court to become dean of the Howard University School of Law.
During World War II, Hastie worked as a civilian aide to the Secretary of War where he advocated for the equal treatment of African Americans in the army. In 1943, he resigned the position in protest against segregated training facilities. Also that year, Hastie was awarded the NAACP Spingarn Medal.
In 1946, President Harry Truman appointed Hastie Territorial Governor of the Virgin Islands and in 1949 he appointed him to the U.S. Court of Appeals, in both cases Hastie was the First African American to serve in the position.
In 1952, he was elected a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Science.
In 1968, Hastie became Chief Judge of the 3rd Circuit Appellate Court, a position he held for three years.
William Henry Hastie transitioned April 14, 1976.
Source:
The Wright Museum,
http://thewright.org/explore/blog/entry/today-in-black-history-11172012
(Accessed November 17, 2014)
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On This Day In TCXPI History The African Statistics Day is observed on November 18 in the Motherland. The concept to observe this day started with the adoption of the Addis Ababa Plan of Action for Statistical Development in Africa. The aim of this celebration was to make the public aware of the pivotal role statistics play, not only in economic and social spheres, but in all aspects of life. On this day in 2004, the African Development leadership intended to raise the awareness of governments, international agencies and the community at large about the significance of statistics in a nation's progress. The theme for 2004 was the Managing of Development Results: the Role of Statistical Information.Sources:South African History Onlinehttp://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/african-statistics-day-observed(Accessed November 18, 2014)http://www3.scienceblog.com/community/older/archives/L/1995/A/un950410.htmlhttp://www.uneca.org/acs/pages/african-statistics-day-2014#tcxpiFor More Daily Black History, Visit https://www.facebook.com/TCXPIHistory
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Ruben Rivers, Congressional Medal of Honor recipient, was killed in action on November 19, 1944.
Ruben Rivers was born October 31, 1918 in Tecumseh, Oklahoma.
When the United States entered World War II, Ruben Rivers enlisted and was assigned to the 761st Tank Battalion, nicknamed the “Black Panthers,” 26th Infantry Division.
In November, 1944, he was serving as a staff sergeant in northeastern France and his actions during that time earned him the medal, America’s highest military decoration.
On November 8, Ruben Rivers and his company encountered a roadblock set-up by the Germans. “With utter disregard for his personal safety, Staff Sergeant Rivers courageously dismounted from his tank in the face of directed enemy small arms fire, attached a cable to the roadblock and moved it off the road, thus permitting the combat team to proceed. His prompt action thus prevented a serious delay in the offensive action and was instrumental in the successful assault and capture of the town.”
On November 16, Rivers was again leading an assault on a German position when his tank hit a mine, disabling it and seriously wounding Rivers.
By the morning of November 19, Staff Sgt. Rivers’ condition had deteriorated. After refusing to be evacuated, Rivers took another tank and led the attack against the German anti-tank unit. The Germans landed two direct hits with high explosive shells that killed Ruben Rivers instantly.
Although his commanding officer recommended him for the Medal of Honor on November 20, 1944, it was not until January 13, 1997 that President William Clinton presented the medal to Ruben Rivers’ family. This was indicative of the lack of recognition afforded to African American soldiers who served during World War II.
Source:
The Wright Museum,
http://thewright.org/explore/blog/entry/today-in-black-history-11192012
(Accessed November 19, 2014)
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Sojourner Truth, Hall Of Fame Abolitionist and Women’s Rights Activist,
Born Isabella Baumfree enslaved in Swartekill, New York on November 19, 1797. When Sojourner Truth was nine years old, she was sold with a flock of sheep for $100.
In 1826, Sojourner Truth escaped to freedom and in 1843 changed her name and began traveling and preaching about abolition.
Her memoir, “The Narrative of Sojourner Truth: A Northern Slave,” was published in 1850.
In 1851, Sojourner Truth attended the Ohio Women’s Rights Convention and delivered her famous speech “Ain’t I a Woman.”
During the Civil War, Sojourner Truth helped recruit black soldiers for the Union Army and later met with Presidents Abraham Lincoln and Ulysses S. Grant.
Sojourner Truth transitioned on November 26, 1883.
Sojourner Truth was posthumously inducted into the National Women’s Hall of Fame in 1981, in 1986 the United States Postal Service issued a commemorative postage stamp in her honor, and in 2009 she became the first black woman to be honored with a bust in the United States Capitol.
A number of biographies have been published on Sojourner Truth, including “Sojourner Truth: Slave, Prophet, Legend” (1993) and “Glorying in Tribulation: The Lifework of Sojourner Truth” (1994).
Sojourner Truth’s name is enshrined in the Ring of Genealogy at the Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History in Detroit, Michigan.
Source:
The Wright Museum,
http://thewright.org/explore/blog/entry/today-in-black-history-11192012
(Accessed November 19, 2014)
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November 20, 1695 Zumbi, also known as Zumbi dos Palmares, leader of the Quilombo dos Palmares in Brazil was captured and beheaded by the Portuguese.
Zumbi was born free in Palmares in 1655, but was captured by the Portuguese when he was six years old.
Despite efforts to pacify him, Zumbi escaped when he was 15 and returned to his birthplace. He became known for his physical prowess and cunning in battle and was a respected military strategist by the time he was in his early twenties.
In 1678, Zumbi became the leader of Palmares and for the next seventeen years led the fight for the independence of Palmares, a self-sustaining republic of Maroons who had escaped from the Portuguese settlements in Brazil.
Today, Zambi is honored as a hero, freedom fighter, and symbol of freedom in Brazil and a bust of Zumbi sits in Brasilia, the capital of Brazil, with a plaque that reads “Zumbi dos Palmares, the leader of all races.”
Also November 20 is celebrated as a Day Of Black Consciousness in Brazil.
Zambi dos Palmares International Airport in Macelo, Brazil is named in his honor.
Source:
The Wright Museum,
http://thewright.org/explore/blog/entry/today-in-black-history-11202012
(Accessed November 19, 2014)
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Margaret Taylor Goss Burroughs, Poet, Artist, Educator, Cultural Leader, and Founder of the DuSable Museum of African American History, Chicago, IL.
Margaret Burroughs was born November 1, 1917 in St. Rose, Louisiana, but raised in Chicago, Illinois.
She earned her Bachelor of Arts degree in education from Chicago Teacher’s College in 1946 and her Master of Arts degree in education from the Art Institute of Chicago in 1948.
She taught in the Chicago Public School System from 1940 to 1968 and worked as a professor of humanities at Kennedy-King College from 1969 to 1979.
In 1961, Burroughs founded the DuSable Museum of African-American History and served as director of the museum until 1985.
That year, she was appointed a commissioner of the Chicago Park District. As a poet, Burroughs published “What Shall I Tell My Children Who Are Black?” in 1968 and “Africa, My Africa” in 1970.
Margaret Taylor Goss Burroughs transitioned on November 21, 2010.
Source:
The Wright Museum,
http://thewright.org/explore/blog/entry/today-in-black-history-11212012
(Accessed November 21, 2014)
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Alrutheus Ambush Taylor, Historian, Researcher, and Author.
Alrutheus Ambush Taylor was born in Washington, D.C, on November 22, 1893 where he also went through the public school system.
Alrutheus Taylor earned his Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Michigan in 1916 and taught at Tuskegee Institute until 1922.
In 1922, he moved to the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History as a research associate and began researching the role of African Americans in the South during Reconstruction.
Out of that research came the trilogy “The Negro in South Carolina During the Reconstruction” (1924), “The Negro in the Reconstruction of Virginia” (1926), and “The Negro in Tennessee, 1865-1880” (1941).
In 1926, Alrutheus Taylor became professor of history at Fisk University where he remained for the rest of his career. In 1935, he earned a Ph.D. from Harvard University.
Alrutheus Ambush Taylor died June 4, 1955.
Source:
The Wright Museum,
http://thewright.org/explore/blog/entry/today-in-black-history-11222012
(Accessed November 22, 2014)
Blackpast.org
http://www.blackpast.org/aah/taylor-alrutheus-ambush-1893-1955#sthash.mYER4qIA.dpuf
(Accessed November 22, 2014)
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Henrietta Vinton Davis, African American Orator, Dramatist, and Organizer.
Henrietta Vinton Davis was born August 15, 1860 in Baltimore, Maryland, but raised in Washington, D.C.
At the age of 15, she passed the necessary examinations and became a teacher in the Maryland Public School System.
In 1878, Henrietta Davis became the first African American woman employed by the Office of the Recorder of Deeds in D.C.
Henrietta Davis began her elocution and dramatic arts education in 1881 and by 1883 was touring the Northeast and Midwest as a popular speaker.
In 1919, Henrietta Davis gave up her career as a dramatist to work with Marcus Garvey’s United Negro Improvement Association, becoming their first international organizer. At the 1920 UNIA convention, Henrietta Davis was one of the signatories on the Declaration of the Rights of the Negro Peoples of the World. She established UNIA divisions in Cuba, Guadeloupe, St. Thomas, Port-au-Prince, Trinidad and Tobago, and Jamaica.
Marcus Garvey declared her “the greatest woman of the African race today.” After hearing her speak in 1921, a reporter for the California Eagle wrote “she is by sentiment and deed a genuine African patriot, full-fledged, sincere, uncompromising, ready to do, dare and die for her convictions.”
Henrietta Vinton Davis transitioned on November 23, 1941.
In 2008, the Mayor of Washington, D.C. proclaimed August 25 “Henrietta Vinton Davis Day.”
Source:
The Wright Museum,
http://thewright.org/explore/blog/entry/today-in-black-history-11232012
(Accessed November 23, 2014)
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Marion Shepilov Barry Jr, four time elected Mayor of Washington, D.C.
Born in Itta Bena, Mississippi, March 6, 1936, Marion Shepilov Barry Jr. dedicated much of his life to the Civil Rights Movement and improving his adopted city, Washington, DC.
His father worked as a sharecropper and passed away when he was only four. His mom moved the family to Memphis, remarried and raised nine children. As a young boy, Barry took on multiple jobs to assist his family, including picking cotton.
Marion Barry applied his work ethic to his education too. He earned a bachelor’s degree in 1958 from Le Moyne College and in 1960 received his master’s degree in chemistry from Fisk University.
His passion for the Civil Rights Movement kept him from completing his doctorate. Instead, Barry’s efforts went into the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC); he served as its first national chairman. In 1965, he moved to Washington, D.C. to launch a local chapter.
In 1967, Marion Barry co-founded Pride, Inc., a jobs program for unemployed black men.
Marion Barry began his foray into politics by winning a seat on the D.C. School Board in 1972; two years later, he was elected to city council.
His success would place him in the line of fire, literally. In 1977, Hanafi Muslims took over the District Building Marion Barry was shot during the incident. His survival seemed to boost his "unstoppable" image.
After just three years on the city council, the democrat ran for Mayor of the District of Columbia and won in 1978. He was reelected three more times - 1983–1991; and 1995–1999.
Marion Shepilov Barry Jr transitioned on November 23, 2014.
Source:
Bio.
http://www.biography.com/people/marion-s-barry-jr-9200328#synopsis
(Accessed November 23, 2014)
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Percy E. Sutton, Lawyer, Civil Rights Activist, and Political and Business Leader.
Percy Ellis Sutton was born in San Antonio, November 24, 1920.
During World War II, Percy Sutton served as an intelligence officer with the Tuskegee Airmen.
He attended Prairie View A&M University, Tuskegee Institute, and Hampton Institute before earning his law degree in 1950 from Brooklyn Law School.
Percy Sutton represented Malcolm X until his death in 1965 and Betty Shabazz until her death in 1997.
From 1964 to 1966, Mr. Sutton served in the New York State Assembly where he was instrumental in getting funding to establish the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture. From 1966 to 1977, he served as Manhattan borough president.
In 1971, Mr. Sutton co-founded the Inner City Broadcasting Corporation which purchased New York City’s first African American-owned radio station, where served as president of the corporation from 1972 to 1991.
In 1980, he purchased and initiated the revitalization of the Apollo Theater in Harlem and in 1987 began producing the television show, “Showtime at the Apollo.” In 1987, Percy E. Sutton was awarded the NAACP Spingarn Medal.
Percy Ellis Sutton transitioned on December 26, 2009.
Source:
The Wright Museum,
http://thewright.org/explore/blog/entry/today-in-black-history-11242012
(Accessed November 23, 2014)
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John Herman Henry Sengstacke, Newspaper Publisher
John Herman Henry Sengstacke was born in Savannah, Georgia. As a youngster, John Sengstacke worked for the Woodville Times, a newspaper owned by his grandfather.
After graduating from Hampton Institute in 1934, John Sengstacke became vice president and general manager of The Robert S. Abbott Publishing Company which published the Chicago Defender, the First African American daily newspaper in the US. In 1940, he took over the company.
Amongst many other issues, John Sengstacke worked to have African American reporters in the White House, to create jobs in the United States Postal Service for African Americans, and to desegregate the armed forces.
He was appointed by President Harry S. Truman to the commission formed to integrate the military.
John Sengstacke founded the National Newspaper Publishers Association to unify and strengthen African American owned newspapers and served seven terms as president.
John Herman Henry Sengstacke transitioned on May 28, 1997 and was posthumously awarded the Presidential Citizens Medal, the second highest civilian award in the United States, by President William Clinton in 2001.
Source:
The Wright Museum,
http://thewright.org/explore/blog/entry/today-in-black-history-11252012
(Accessed November 25, 2014)
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Harold Lee Washington, the First and Only African American Mayor of Chicago, Illinois.
Harold Lee Washington was born April 15, 1922 in Chicago.
After service in the United States Army Air Force from 1942 to 1945, Harold Washington earned his Bachelor of Arts degree from Roosevelt College in 1949 and his Juris Doctorate degree from Northwestern University School of Law in 1952.
From 1951 to 1965, Harold Washington worked for former Olympian Ralph Metcalfe as part of the Richard Daley political machine.
From 1965 to 1980, Harold Washington served in the Illinois legislature and from 1981 to 1983 he was a member of the United States House of Representatives.
In 1983, Harold Washington was elected Mayor of Chicago where he served until his death November 25, 1987.
After his death, a number of city facilities and institutions were named or renamed in his honor, including the Harold Washington Library Center, Harold Washington College, and Harold Washington Park.
Harold Washington’s time in office is chronicled in “Harold Washington: The Mayor, The Man” (1989) and “Fire on the Prairie: Chicago’s Harold Washington and the Politics of Race” (1992).
Source:
The Wright Museum,
http://thewright.org/explore/blog/entry/today-in-black-history-11252012
(Accessed November 25, 2014)
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Marshall Walter “Major” Taylor, world champion cyclist, was born in rural Indiana on November 26, 1878.
At the age of thirteen, Taylor was hired to perform cycling stunts outside a bicycle shop while wearing a soldier’s uniform, hence the nickname” Major.”
Major Taylor was banned from bicycle racing in Indiana because of his race and therefore moved to the East Coast.
In 1886, he entered his first professional race in Madison Square Garden and won.
Over his career, he raced in the United States, Australia, and Europe, including winning the world one mile track cycling championship in 1899 and becoming known as “The Black Cyclone.”
Although he was celebrated in Europe, Taylor’s career was held back, due to his race, in the United States and he retired in 1910, saying he was tired of the racism.
Marshall Walter “Major” Taylor transitioned on June 21, 1932.
In 1948, a monument to his memory was erected in Worcester, Massachusetts and Indianapolis, Indiana named the city’s bicycle track the Major Taylor Velodrome.
Nike markets a sports shoe called the Major Taylor.
Taylor published his autobiography, “Autobiography: The Fastest Bicycle Rider in the World,” in 1929.
Sources:
The Wright Museum,
http://thewright.org/explore/blog/entry/today-in-black-history-11252012
Major Taylor Cycling Club of New Jersey
http://majortaylorclub.com/bio.html
(Accessed November 26, 2014)
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James Marshall “Jimi” Hendrix, Hall Of Fame Guitarist, Singer, and Songwriter, was born in Seattle, Washington, November 27, 1942.
Jimi Hendrix acquired his first guitar at the age of 15. A self-taught musician, he moved to New York City in 1964 and played with several backing bands for soul, R&B, and blues musicians.
In 1966, The Jimi Hendrix Experience was formed and the band enjoyed immediate success in Europe, but did not achieve fame in the United States until their 1967 performance at the Monterey Pop Festival.
Most of Jimi Hendrix’s albums were released after his death on September 18, 1970, including “The Cry of Love” (1971), “Crash Landing” (1975), and “Valley of Neptune” (2010).
Jimi Hendrix is widely considered to be the greatest guitarist in the history of rock music and one of the most influential musicians of his era.
He has been posthumously honored with many awards, including induction into the Down Beat Jazz Hall of Fame in 1970, induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1992, a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1992, and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1994.
In 2006, his debut album, “Are You Experienced” (1967), was added to the Library of Congress National Recording Registry as “culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant”.
In 2010 Jimi Hendrix was inducted into the Fender Hall of Fame.
Many books have been written about Jimi Hendrix, including “Jimi Hendrix – Electric Gypsy” (1991) and “Jimi Hendrix, Musician” (2003).
Source:
The Wright Museum,
http://thewright.org/explore/blog/entry/today-in-black-history-11272012
(Accessed November 27, 2014)
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Richard Nathaniel Wright, Author, died.
Richard Wright was born September 4, 1908 in Roxie, Mississippi. At the age of 15, he penned his first story “The Voodoo of Hell’s Half-Acre” which was published in the local black paper.
In 1937, Wright won first prize from Story Magazine for his short story “Fire and Cloud” and in 1938 gained national attention for “Uncle Tom’s Children,” a collection of four short stories.
In 1940, his first novel, “Native Son,” was selected by the Book of the Month Club as its first book by an African American writer.
Richard Wright was awarded the NAACP Spingarn Medal in 1941 and in 1945 his semi-autobiographical “Black Boy” was published.
In 1946, Wright became a permanent American expatriate when he moved to Paris, France where he transitioned on November 28, 1960.
In 2008, Julia Wright, his daughter, published his unfinished novel “A Father’s Law.” In 2009, the United States Postal Service issued a commemorative postage stamp in his honor.
Source:
The Wright Museum,
http://thewright.org/explore/blog/entry/today-in-black-history-11282012
(Accessed November 27, 2014)
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William Vacanarat Shadrach Tubman, former President of Liberia, was born in Harper, Liberia, November 29, 1895.
William Tubman initially planned to be a preacher and at the age of 19 was named a Methodist lay pastor. After studying under private tutors, he passed the bar examination and became a lawyer in 1917.
In 1923, William Tubman was elected to the Senate of Liberia, at the age of 28 yo, making him the youngest senator in history.
In 1937, he was appointed associate justice of the Supreme Court of Liberia where he served until 1943.
William Tubman was elected President of Liberia in 1943 and in 1944 was invited to the White House as the guest of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the first African head of state to be invited.
During William Tubman’s tenure as president, Liberia experienced a period of prosperity. Between 1944 and 1970, the value of foreign investments increased two hundredfold. From 1950 to 1960, Liberia experienced an average annual growth of 11.5%.
William Vacanarat Shadrach Tubman transitioned on July 23, 1971.
The William V.S. Tubman University in Harper is named in his honor.
History of Liberia
The founding of Liberia in the early 1800s was motivated by the domestic politics of slavery and race in the United States as well as by U.S. foreign policy interests. In 1816, a group of white Americans founded the American Colonization Society (ACS) to deal with the “problem” of the growing number of free blacks in the United States by resettling them in Africa. The resulting state of Liberia would become the second (after Haiti) black republic in the world at that time.
Sources:
The Wright Museum,
http://thewright.org/explore/blog/entry/today-in-black-history-11292012
Founding of Liberia, 1847 - Office of the Historian
https://history.state.gov/milestones/1830-1860/liberia
(Accessed November 27, 2014)
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Unbought and Unbossed
Shirley Anita St. Hill Chisholm, Hall Of Fame Educator and Politician, and the First African American woman elected to Congress
Shirley Anita St. Hill Chisholm was born in Brooklyn, New York on November 30, 1924.
Shirley Chisholm earned her Bachelor of Arts degree from Brooklyn College in 1946 and her Master of Arts degree in elementary education from Columbia University in 1952.
From 1953 to 1959, she was director of the Hamilton-Madison Child Care Center and from 1959 to 1964 an educational consultant for the New York Division of Day Care.
In 1964, Shirley Chisholm was elected to the New York State Legislature and in 1968 was elected to the United States House of Representatives, making her the First African American woman elected to Congress.
Throughout her 14 years in Congress, Senator Shirley Chisholm worked to increase spending for education, health care and other social services, and was a vocal opponent of the military draft.
In 1972, Senator Shirley Chisholm made a bid for the Democratic Party’s presidential nomination, receiving 152 votes at the Democratic National Convention.
After leaving Congress, Shirley Chisholm was named to the Purington Chair at Mount Holyoke College where she taught for four years.
She wrote two autobiographies, “Unbought and Unbossed” (1970) and “The Good Fight” (1973).
In 1993, she was inducted into the National Women’s Hall of Fame.
Shirley Anita St. Hill Chisholm transitioned on January 1, 2005.
In February 2005 a documentary film, “Shirley Chisholm ’72: Unbought and Unbossed” which chronicled her bid for the Democratic presidential nomination, was aired on public television.
Source:
The Wright Museum,
http://thewright.org/explore/blog/entry/today-in-black-history-11302012
(Accessed November 27, 2014)
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James Arthur Baldwin, Novelist, Playwriter, Poet, Essayist, and Civil Rights Activist.
James Arthur Baldwin was born in Harlem, New York City, Aug. 2, 1924. He offered a vital literary voice during the era of civil rights activism in the 1950s and '60s. The eldest of nine children, his stepfather was a minister. At age 14 , Baldwin became a preacher at the small Fireside Pentecostal Church in Harlem. After he graduated from high school, he moved to Greenwich Village.
In the early 1940s, he transferred his faith from religion to literature. Critics, however, note the impassioned cadences of Black churches are still evident in his writing. Go Tell It on the Mountain (1953), his first novel, is a partially autobiographical account of his youth. His essay collections [Notes of a Native Son (1955), Nobody Knows My Name (1961), and The Fire Next Time(1963)] were influential in informing a large white audience.From 1948, Baldwin made his home primarily in the south of France, but often returned to the USA to lecture or teach. In 1957, he began spending half of each year in New York City. His novels include Giovanni's Room (1956), about a white American expatriate who must come to terms with his homosexuality, and Another Country (1962), about racial and gay sexual tensions among New York intellectuals. His inclusion of gay themes resulted in a lot of savage criticism from the Black community. Baldwin's play, Blues for Mister Charlie, was produced in 1964. Going to Meet the Man (1965) and Tell Me How Long the Train's Been Gone (1968) provided powerful descriptions of American racism. As an openly gay man, he became increasingly outspoken in condemning discrimination against lesbian and gay people.
James Arthur Baldwin transitioned on Nov. 30, 1987 in Paris. He is buried in Harlem, NY.
Source:
http://www.uic.edu/depts/quic/history/james_baldwin.html
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