2. Geography
 Physical and cultural features of the
earth

3. 5 Themes of Geography
 Location
 Position of a place (absolute and relative)
 Place
 Characteristics that make place unique
 Human Environment Interaction
 How people affect the environment
 Movement
 Why move from place to place
 Regions
 Common characteristics (land, resources,
population)

4. Time Terms
 Decade
 Century
 Millennium

5. Types of Inhabited Areas
 Rural  Urban
 Country  Cities
 Open Land  Urbanization
 Movement of people
from country to cities
 Why do people move
to cities?

6. Culture
 Learned system of shared beliefs and
way of doing things
 Guides persons daily behavior
 Examples
 Religious practices and beliefs
 What are some other examples of cultures?

7. Population
 Number of inhabitants living in an area

8. Distribution of Water
 What percentage of the earth’s surface
is covered by water?
 Answer: 70%
 Earth’s water
 Ocean water – 97%
 Freshwater – 3%

9. Energy Resources
 Fossil Fuels
 Name the 3 fossil fuels
○ Natural gas, coal, petroleum (oil)
 Where do fossil fuels come from?
 Organic material subjected to lots of
pressure
 Renewable vs. Nonrenewable

10. Government Systems
 Unlimited  Limited Government
Government  Held accountable to
 Total control over citizens
citizens  Constitutions /
Elections

11. Draw Chart in Notes
Republic/
Communism Monarchy Dictatorship Anarchy
Democracy

12. Republic/
Communism
Democracy
• Ruled by elected representatives • Government owns everything
• No one too powerful • Everyone is equal
• People have power • Each person works according to his or
her abilities
Example: United States • Job chosen by test
3 branches of government
• Executive (President)
• Judicial (Supreme Court)
• Legislative (Congress)
**Balance of Power
Why are we lucky to live in this type of
government?

13. Monarchy Dictatorship Anarchy
• King or Queen • Absolute power • No organized
• Power passes • Brutal government
• Uses force to get • Government too
through bloodline wants involved in citizens’
or family lives (supporters think)
• Uses fear to make
• Too much control
• Rule could last people obey (supporters think)
from few years to • No restrictions
centuries • Citizens lose rights
to leader who holds
the power (usually)

14. Religion
 Buddhism
 Christianity
 Hinduism
 Islam
 Judaism

15. Economic Systems
 Free Enterprise
 Companies have freedom to make anything
(legally)
 Entrepreneurs
 Command Economy
 Government owns and runs everything
 Communism
 Traditional Economy
 Based on customs and traditions
 Based on rituals and beliefs