Presentation given at SLAC in Palo Alto, and the AIA Los Angeles COTE at Gensler, LA, outlining the new building framework that incentivizes building designers to create buildings that will support a grid supplied by 100% renewable energy. The presentation looks at the nexus of efficiency, renewable supply and renewable storage via long- and short-term storage options. Specific building examples are included.

1. Bronwyn Barry, RA, CPHD
Introducing
PASSIVE HOUSE
+ RENEWABLES
A Building Framework for the
All-Renewable Energy Future:
As Developed by:

2.  Managing Loss – Back to Building
Basics
 Source energy, Generation & Use –
Why ‘Zero’ is complicated
 What is a Primary Energy ‘factor’
 Why factors are local, regional &
climate-specific
 Designing for an All-Renewable Energy
Future
 How Primary Energy Renewable (PER)
was developed
 What this looks like in California
 A few building examples
 How & Where to learn more
OVERVIEW
IMAGE credit: Bronwyn Barry, Cornell Tech Passive House Tower, NYC

3. MANAGING LOSS
SOURCE: Lawrence Livermore Laboratories 2016 Energy Use Chart - https://flowcharts.llnl.gov/commodities/energy
Devastating!

4. MASTERINGSIMPLICITY
SOURCE: Albert, Richter & Titman Architects

5. MASTERINGSIMPLICITY
SOURCE: Albert, Richter & Titman Architects

6. MASTERINGSIMPLICITY
SOURCE: Albert, Richter & Titman Architects

7. FIVECORE PASSIVE HOUSE PRINCIPLES
Five Core
Passive House
Principles
5. Thermal
Bridge Free
Design
1. Continuous
Insulation
2. Better
Windows
3. Mechanical
Ventilation
4. Air-Tight
Envelope
1. Appropriate Insulation
2. Better Windows
3. Mechanical Ventilation
(balanced, often with Heat
Recovery)
4. Air-tight envelope
5. Thermal Bridge Free
Manages ‘Loss’
Driven by:
 Comfort
 Quality
 Durability

8. CONVERSIONTO A BUILDING STANDARD
Heating/Cooling
Demand:
or
Peak Heat Load:
Air-tightness:
Total Primary Energy:
15 kWh/m2yr
or 4.75 kBTU/hr.ft2
10 W/m2
or 3.2 BTU/hr.ft2
n50 < 0.6 ACH
(MORE ON THIS
LATER)
Image Credit: Andrew Michler
Cooling Limits
adjusted for
Humid Climates:

9. APPLICABLE TO BANKS
SOURCE:

10. APPLICABLE TO COURTHOUSE BUILDINGS
SOURCE:
Image Credit: Bronwyn Barry

11. APPLICABLE TO ART MUSEUMS
Image Credit: Andrew Michler

12. APPLICABLE TO APARTMENT BUILDINGS
SOURCE:
Image Credits: Bronwyn Barry

13. APPLICABLE TO RENOVATED HOTELS
SOURCE:
Image Credits: Bronwyn Barry

14. APPLICABLE TO NEW MIXED-USE DISTRICTS
SOURCE:
Image Credit: Andrew Michler

15. SOURCE:
LEFT: http://ny.curbed.com/2016/6/21/11990416/cornell-tech-
passive-house-roosevelt-island-tour, CENTER:
http://www.arkinautec.com/sustainability/highest-sustainable-
building/, RIGHT: http://www.green-towers.de/theproject/
BILBOA BETS ON PASSIVE
PASSIVE HOUSEIS A RACE FOR THE TOP

16. SOURCE: Illustration from ‘California’s All Renewable Energy Future’ by Bronwyn Barry
‘SOURCE’ vs ‘SITE’
ENERGY
PRIMARYENERGY ACCOUNTING

17. SOURCE: Illustration from ‘California’s All Renewable Energy Future’ by Bronwyn Barry
‘SOURCE’ vs ‘SITE’
ENERGY
‘SITE NET ZERO’ IS FUZZY MATH!
PRIMARYENERGY ACCOUNTING

18. SOURCE: https://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/measuring-building-energy-use
WHAT IS AUTILIZATION FACTOR FOR ELECTRICITY?

19. SOURCE: https://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/measuring-building-energy-use
WHAT IS AUTILIZATION FACTOR FOR ELECTRICITY?

20. SOURCE: https://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/measuring-building-energy-use
WHAT IS AUTILIZATION FACTOR FOR ELECTRICITY?

21. WHAT’S YOUR REGIONAL(SOURCE) ENERGY FACTOR?
SOURCE: Image - http://www.theenergycollective.com/aqgilbert/2322195/us-electricity-system-15-maps, Data: Passive House Academy
kWh of Source Energy per kWh of delivered electricity (2004) National: 3.315
Eastern: 3.394
Western: 2.853
ERCOT:
3.574
Alaska: 3.568
Hawaii: 3.1917

22. HOW DIRTY(OR CLEAN) IS YOUR GRID?
Nuclear
North East
Hydro North
West
Windy Great
Plains
Coal
Midwest
Solar
Coasts
Gas
Everywhere!
Solar
Coasts
Gas
Everywhere!

23. SOURCE: https://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/measuring-building-energy-use
HOW EFFICIENTIS YOUR ELECTRICITY?

24. SOURCE: https://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/measuring-building-energy-use
HOW EFFICIENTIS YOUR ELECTRICITY?

25. SOURCE: https://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/measuring-building-energy-use

✕
HOW EFFICIENTIS YOUR ELECTRICITY?

26. SOURCE: https://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/measuring-building-energy-use

✕
HOW EFFICIENTIS YOUR ELECTRICITY?
Renewables 3x better
site utilization

27. SOURCE: https://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/measuring-building-energy-use

✕
HOW EFFICIENTIS YOUR ELECTRICITY?
Renewables 3x better
site utilization
But non-Renewables
look equally good

28. SOURCE: https://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/measuring-building-energy-use

✕
Renewables 3x better
site utilization
But non-Renewables
look equally good
HOW EFFICIENTIS YOUR ELECTRICITY?
and ALL Electric
energy takes a hit!

29. SOURCE: https://passipedia.org/certification/passive_house_categories/per#the_per_sustainability_assessment,
VISUALIZINGAN ALL RENEWABLE ENERGY FUTURE
New DESIGN
incentives
needed

30. Heating/Cooling
Demand:
or
Peak Heat Load:
Air-tightness:
Total Primary Energy:
4.75 kBTU/hr.ft2
or 15 kWh/m2yr
3.2 BTU/hr.ft2
or 10 W/m2
n50 < 0.6 ACH
Primary Energy
Renewables (PER)
Factors 3 Certification Levels
Incentivizes RENEWABLE ENERGY sources
SOURCE: Image – Team Germany 2009 Solar Decathlon Passivhaus supplies 200% of it’s energy via renewable energy.
Creates a CARBON
EMISSIONS focus
RETHINKINGPRIMARY (SOURCE) ENERGY

31. THREE RENEWABLE ENERGY CERTIFICATION LEVELS
Energy Supply from Renewable Resources
Final Energy Demand at the BuildingPER =
INCENTIVIZES:
1. Total Demand Reduction & Peak Load Shifting
2. Fuel switching to all-electric with heat pumps
3. Regional renewable grid efficiencies
4. Allows local and off-site renewable credits
5. Seasonal storage of renewables at utility scale
6. Urban density & equitable renewable credit for all buildings
SOURCE: https://passipedia.org/certification/passive_house_categories/per#the_per_sustainability_assessment

32. SOURCE: Illustrations by Bronwyn Barry, info: https://passipedia.org/certification/passive_house_categories/per#the_per_sustainability_assessment
BUILDINGAN ALL-RENEWABLE ENERGY FRAMEWORK
1. Total Demand
Reduction
Allocated by:
 Electricity
 Hot Water
 Heating
 Cooling
 Dehumidification
2. Seasonal Energy
Demand
3. Regional Grid
Renewable Supply
Account for:
 Wind
 Solar PV
 Hydro
~ Biomass
~ District Heat
4. Building
Site & Size
6. Renewable
Storage
kWh of:
 Short-term &
 Long-term energy
5. Regional
Peak Load
Incentivize Load shifting
according to:
 Demand Type
 Daily Peak Use
 Seasonal Peak
7. Appliance
Energy Source
Incentivizes fuel
switching to electric
heat pumps
Accounts for:
 Local renewable availability
 Building size vs roof area
 Supply vs Demand balance
 Viable short- vs long-term storage

33. 5. Regional
Peak Load
FRAMEWORKFOR CALIFORNIA

34. 5. Regional
Peak Load
FRAMEWORKFOR CALIFORNIA

35. 5. Regional
Peak Load
FRAMEWORKFOR CALIFORNIA

36. 5. Regional
Peak Load
FRAMEWORKFOR CALIFORNIA

37. SOURCE: http://www.slideshare.net/harrmann/the-new-phpp-version-9-project-specific-cause-effect
APPLIEDTO A HOME IN PORTLAND, MAINE

38. BASIC PRINCIPLES
1. Manages ‘Loss’
1. Driven by:
Comfort
Quality
Durability
3. Credits renewables
separately
SOURCE: Image – California’s All Renewable Energy Future by Bronwyn Barry, CPHD
RENEWABLE
CREDITS ALLOCATED
BY
Projected Building
Footprint
Incentivizes large-scale
and micro-grid renewable
supply.
Off-site generation allowed
for Premium Tier.
Does not penalize commercial, tall,
shaded or urban infill projects with
no site generation capacity.
APPLIEDEQUITABLY ACROSS ALL BUILDINGS

39. PASSIVE HOUSE
FOCUS ON COMFORT & ENERGY
Compliments many other
certification programs
PLAYSWELL WITH OTHER CERTIFICATIONS

40. BASIC PRINCIPLES
1. Manages ‘Loss’
1. Driven by:
Comfort
Quality
Durability
3. Credits renewables
separately
PRIORITIZES
DEMAND
REDUCTION
Renewable sources given
beneficial ‘Primary Energy
Renewable’ factors
Credits allocated to:
On-site generation
Off-site generation
Green Roofs
(Regional grid supply
factored into this
calculus.)
SOURCE: Image – California’s All Renewable Energy Future by Bronwyn Barry, CPHD
SUMMARYOF PRIMARY ENERGY RENEWABLE FRAMEWORK

41. LEAD BY EXAMPLE ( A FEW OF MY OWN DESIGNS)
SOURCE: One Sky Homes
ALAMO PASSIVHAUS
Collaboration with One Sky Homes

43. ASSEMBLIES (hr.ft2.F/BTU)
ROOF/CLG: R-38
CODE REQ’D
R-46
WALLS: R-19 R-28
WINDOWS: U-0.57
FLOOR/SLAB: R-0 R-14
U-0.3
AS BUILT
AIR TIGHTNESS: 3 ACH n50 0.3 ACH
BUILT TO BETTER ENCLOSURE VALUES THAN 2016 CALIFORNIA CODE
WITH NOTABLE EXCEPTIONS | AIR-TIGHTNESS & SUB-SLAB INSULATION

44. CONCEPT | SD | MODEL IN PHPP | DD | PH OPTIMIZE & PRE-CERTIFY | CD | CA |
BLOWER-DOOR TEST | PH CERTIFICATION | OCCUPANCY | MONITORING | VERIFICATION

45. PROJECT STATS
Alamo - CA Climate Zone 12
HDD & CDD 2602 1578
Area & TFA 2968 SF 2342 SF
Net Annual Energy Use &
Production 10,707 kWh 12,767 kWh
PV 7.5 kW
Gas/Electric Split All Electric
Mech systems
Heat Pump,
HRV
Heat Pump
WH

46. EUI = 9.5
-15000
-10000
-5000
0
5000
10000
PV
Production
HouseUse EV Charger Net +
kWh/yr
PLUS ENERGY | DESIGNED TO WINTER PEAK DEMAND

47. LEARNMORE: http://naphnetwork.org/
SOURCE: Xavier Guacher Twitter feed of Passive House Academy Class in LA at Gensler, LA
NET ZERO BUILDING TRAININGS: OCT., 2017, LA & SF

48. Event Partners:
 Passive House Institute
 Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory
 Pacific Gas & Electric
 Living Futures Institute
 City of Oakland
OCTOBER 4-8TH
Oakland, CA
KEYNOTE:
Scott Foster, Director,
Sustainable Energy Division,
United Nations ECE (includes
USA & Canada.)
LEARNMORE HERE: naphnconfernce.com
PASSIVE +
RENEWABLES
October 4-8,2017 | Oakland, California
A c c e l e r a t i n g t h e
A L L R E N E WA B L E E N E R G Y F u t u r e
With thanks to
Our partners and
Collaborators

49. SOURCE MATERIAL:
 Passive House Institute: passivehouse.com
 ‘The PER Sustainability Assessment,’ Passipedia.org
 Andre Harrmann, CertiPHiers & Harrmann Consulting
 Bronwyn Barry, ‘California’s All-Renewable Energy Future’
RECOMMENDED READING:
https://passipedia.org/certification/passive_house_categories/per#the_per_sustaina
bility_assessment
https://passipedia.org/basics/passive_house_-
_assuring_a_sustainable_energy_supply/passive_house_the_next_decade
SOURCE: Image – Sunnyvale Low Energy Renovation –designed by Bronwyn Barry
THANK YOU
Bronwyn Barry, RA, CPHD
Email: info@passivehousecal.org
Website: http://passivehousecal.org
FURTHER READING, THANKS & CREDIT

50. 2. Seasonal Energy
Demand
Allocated by:
 Electricity
 Hot Water
 Heating
 Cooling
 Dehumidification
6. Renewable
Storage
kWh of:
 Short-term &
 Long-term energy
SOURCE: https://passipedia.org/certification/passive_house_categories/per#the_per_sustainability_assessment
FRAMEWORKCALCULATION METHODOLOGY

51. SOURCE: https://passipedia.org/certification/passive_house_categories/per#the_per_sustainability_assessment
Figure 4: The PER factors are equivalent to the required additional
RE supply for each kWh of a consumer’s additional energy demand.
Examples are shown for domestic hot water, heating and cooling in
Boise, US.
Figure 5: Exemplary PER factors for selected locations in different
climate zones arctic, cool-temperate, warm and very hot.
Figure 6: PER factors for space heating for various
locations integrated into the PHPP. Average value and
variation.
4. Building
Site & Size
Accounts for:
 Local renewable availability
 Building size vs roof area
 Supply vs Demand balance
 Viable short- vs long-term storage
FRAMEWORKCALCULATION METHODOLOGY