What is PER, why do we need it, and how does it apply to us here? This presentation provides a high level introduction to the new framework for viewing primary energy generated via an all-renewable energy grid. It includes a comparison of specific PER factors for all major New England cities, plus the seven largest cities in California.
Introducing Primary Energy Renewables: a look at New England's PER Factors
1. Bronwyn Barry, RA, CPHD
Passive House MA, Boston
January, 2018
Introducing
PRIMARY ENERGY
+ RENEWABLES
A Building Framework for the
All-Renewable Energy Future:
As Developed by:
2. OVERVIEW
Intro: The fuzzy math of ‘Net Zero’
Fundamentals: What is Source (Primary) Energy?
What’s a Primary Energy ‘factor’
Why factors are local, regional & season-specific
Designing for an All-Renewable Energy Future
Why Primary Energy Renewable (PER)?
What this looks like in your region
A few building examples
Where to find more info
3. PROJECT EXAMPLE ( ONE OF MY OWN DESIGNS)
SOURCE: One Sky Homes ALAMO PASSIVHAUS
5. PROJECT STATS
Alamo - CA Climate Zone 12
HDD & CDD 2602 1578
Area & TFA 2968 SF 2342 SF
Net Annual Energy Use &
Production 10,707 kWh 12,767 kWh
PV 7.5 kW
Gas/Electric Split All Electric
Mech systems
Heat Pump,
HRV
Heat Pump
WH
NOMINALY THIS IS A PLUS ENERGY HOME…
6. ASSEMBLIES (hr.ft2.F/BTU)
ROOF/CLG: R-38
CODE REQ’D
R-46
WALLS: R-19 R-28
WINDOWS: U-0.57
FLOOR/SLAB: R-0 R-14
U-0.3
AS BUILT
AIR TIGHTNESS: 3 ACH n50 0.3 ACH
COMPARED TO 2016 T-24 CODE REQUIREMENTS
9. BUT PRACTICALLY THIS HOME STILL IMPORTS ENERGY
Annual Energy Use vs Generation Gap
10. PRIMARY ENERGY ACCOUNTING
SOURCE: Illustration from ‘California’s All Renewable Energy Future’ by Bronwyn Barry
‘SOURCE’ vs ‘SITE’
ENERGY
11. PRIMARY ENERGY ACCOUNTING
SOURCE: Illustration from ‘California’s All Renewable Energy Future’ by Bronwyn Barry
‘SOURCE’ vs ‘SITE’
ENERGY
‘SITE NET ZERO’ IS FUZZY MATH!
12. WHAT IS A UTILIZATION FACTOR FOR ELECTRICITY?
SOURCE: https://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/measuring-building-energy-use
13. WHAT IS A UTILIZATION FACTOR FOR ELECTRICITY?
SOURCE: https://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/measuring-building-energy-use
15. WHAT’S YOUR REGIONAL(SOURCE) ENERGY FACTOR?
SOURCE: Image - http://www.theenergycollective.com/aqgilbert/2322195/us-electricity-system-15-maps, Data: Passive House Academy
kWh of Source Energy per kWh of delivered electricity (2004) National: 3.315
16. WHAT’S YOUR REGIONAL(SOURCE) ENERGY FACTOR?
SOURCE: Image - http://www.theenergycollective.com/aqgilbert/2322195/us-electricity-system-15-maps, Data: Passive House Academy
kWh of Source Energy per kWh of delivered electricity (2004) National: 3.315
ERCOT:
3.574
Alaska: 3.568
Hawaii: 3.1917
Eastern: 3.394
17. SOURCE: Image - http://www.theenergycollective.com/aqgilbert/2322195/us-electricity-system-15-maps, Data: Passive House Academy
kWh of Source Energy per kWh of delivered electricity (2004) National: 3.315
Western: 2.853
ERCOT:
3.574
Alaska: 3.568
Hawaii: 3.1917
Eastern: 3.394
WHAT’S YOUR REGIONAL(SOURCE) ENERGY FACTOR?
18. HOW DIRTY(OR CLEAN) IS YOUR GRID?
Nuclear
North East
Hydro North
West
Windy Great
Plains
Coal
Midwest
Solar
Coasts
Gas
Everywhere!
Solar
Coasts
Gas
Everywhere!
19. SHIFTING DESIGN INCENTIVES TO FAVOR RENEWABLES
SOURCE: https://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/measuring-building-energy-use
20. SHIFTING DESIGN INCENTIVES TO FAVOR RENEWABLES
SOURCE: https://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/measuring-building-energy-use
21. SHIFTING DESIGN INCENTIVES TO FAVOR RENEWABLES
SOURCE: https://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/measuring-building-energy-use
✕
26. VISUALIZINGAN ALL RENEWABLE ENERGY FUTURE
SOURCE: https://passipedia.org/certification/passive_house_categories/per#the_per_sustainability_assessment,
27. VISUALIZINGAN ALL RENEWABLE ENERGY FUTURE
SOURCE: https://passipedia.org/certification/passive_house_categories/per#the_per_sustainability_assessment,
28. VISUALIZINGAN ALL RENEWABLE ENERGY FUTURE
SOURCE: https://passipedia.org/certification/passive_house_categories/per#the_per_sustainability_assessment,
29. VISUALIZINGAN ALL RENEWABLE ENERGY FUTURE
SOURCE: https://passipedia.org/certification/passive_house_categories/per#the_per_sustainability_assessment,
30. VISUALIZINGAN ALL RENEWABLE ENERGY FUTURE
SOURCE: https://passipedia.org/certification/passive_house_categories/per#the_per_sustainability_assessment,
New Design
Incentives
Needed
31. RETHINKINGPRIMARY (SOURCE) ENERGY
Heating/Cooling
Demand:
Peak Heat Load:
Air-tightness:
Total Primary Energy:
15 kWh/m2yr
or 4.75 kBTU/hr.ft2
10 W/m2
or 3.2 BTU/hr.ft2
n50 < 0.6 ACH
Primary Energy
Renewables (PER)
Factors 3 Certification Levels
Incentivizes RENEWABLE ENERGY sources
SOURCE: Image – Team Germany 2009 Solar Decathlon Passivhaus supplies 200% of it’s energy via renewable energy.
Creates a CARBON
EMISSIONS focus
Cooling Limits
adjusted for
Humid Climates:
32. THREE RENEWABLE ENERGY CERTIFICATION LEVELS
Energy Supply from Renewable Resources
Final Energy Demand at the BuildingPER =
INCENTIVIZES:
1. Total Demand Reduction & Peak Load Shifting
2. Fuel switching to all-electric with heat pumps
3. Regional renewable grid efficiencies
4. Allows local and off-site renewable credits
5. Seasonal storage of renewables at utility scale
6. Urban density & equitable renewable credit for all buildings
SOURCE: https://passipedia.org/certification/passive_house_categories/per#the_per_sustainability_assessment
33. BUILDINGAN ALL-RENEWABLE ENERGY FRAMEWORK
SOURCE: Illustrations by Bronwyn Barry, info: https://passipedia.org/certification/passive_house_categories/per#the_per_sustainability_assessment
1. Total Demand
Reduction
Separated into:
Electricity
Hot Water
Heating
Cooling
Dehumidification
2. Seasonal Energy
Demand
3. Regional Grid
Renewable Supply
Account for:
Wind
Solar PV &
HW
Hydro
~ Biomass
~ District Heat
4. Building
Site & Size
6. Renewable
Storage
Calculated kWh of:
Short-term &
Long-term energy
5. Regional
Peak Load
Considers localized use:
Demand Type
Daily Peak Use
Seasonal Peak
7. Appliance
Energy Source
Incentivizes fuel switching
Factor & incentivize:
Local renewable availability
Building size vs roof area
Supply vs Demand balance
Viable short- vs long-term storage
40. APPLIED TO A HOME IN MAINE
SOURCE: http://www.slideshare.net/harrmann/the-new-phpp-version-9-project-specific-cause-effect
41. SUMMARIZINGPRIMARY ENERGY RENEWABLE
BASIC PRINCIPLES
1. Manages ‘Loss’
1. Driven by:
Comfort
Quality
Durability
3. Credits renewables
separately
PRIORITIZES
DEMAND
REDUCTION
Renewable sources given
beneficial ‘Primary Energy
Renewable’ factors
Credits allocated to:
On-site generation
Off-site generation
Green Roofs
(Regional grid supply
factored into this
calculus.)
SOURCE: Image – California’s All Renewable Energy Future by Bronwyn Barry, CPHD
42. EQUITABLECALCULATION FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY
BASIC PRINCIPLES
1. Manages ‘Loss’
1. Driven by:
Comfort
Quality
Durability
3. Credits renewables
separately
SOURCE: Image – California’s All Renewable Energy Future by Bronwyn Barry, CPHD
RENEWABLE
CREDITS ALLOCATED
BY
Projected Building
Footprint
Incentivizes large-scale
and micro-grid renewable
supply.
Off-site generation allowed
for Premium Tier.
Does not penalize commercial, tall,
shaded or urban infill projects with
no site generation capacity.