language teaching with the help of computers.

1. BY: TANZILA AFZAL

2. CALL
O Definitions : “the search for and study of
applications of the computer in language
teaching and learning.” (Levy, 1997: 1)
O Three components
O Computer
O Learner
O teacher

3. CALL
O CALL Computer Assisted Language
Learning
O CAI Computer Assisted Instruction
O ICALL Intelligent Computer Assisted
Language Learning
O CELL Computer Enhanced Language
Learning
O TELL Technology Enhanced Language
Learning
O WELL Web Enhanced Language Learning

4. Behavioristic CALL
O 1960-1970s
O Drill and practice: also known as drill and kill
O Software PLATO
O Stimulus response, reinforcement
O Model: “He has one car”, Response “No, he has two cars”. “He has
one computer”, “No, he has two computers” … The user input can
be either text or speech through the computer microphone.
O Vocabulary training programe
O Statement to question: e.g., I like ice cream. To: Do you like ice
cream?
O • One tense to another tense: e.g., I’m going shopping. To:
Yesterday I went
O shopping.
O • Active to passive: e.g., The teacher gave them the answers. To:
They were given the
O answers by the teacher.

5. Theoratical perspective Structural CALL
Role of the computer Information carrier; as a
“tutor”
Technology focus Materials delivery
Theory of learning Behaviorist
View of second language
Acquisition
Structural (a formal
system)
Dominant approaches to
second
language teaching
Grammar-translation &
audiolingual
Learner status Dependent
Principal use of computers
in CALL
Drill and practice
Principal learning objective
of CALL
Accuracy
Primary research concern instructional efficacy,
instructional competence

6. Communicative CALL
O 1970-1980
O Language as communication
Ofocuses more on using forms
Oteaches grammar implicitly
Ooriginal utterances
ONo light bulbs or bells, intrinsic motivation
Oprovide skill practice, but in a non-drill format.
Examples: paced reading, text reconstruction, and
language games
OComputer as stimulus
OComputer as tool: word processors, spelling and
grammar checkers, desk-top publishing programs,
and concordances. Paced reading, cloze exercises
OSimulations: which are role plays e.g. strike

7. Theoratical perspective Communicative CALL
Role of the computer Workstation; as a “pupil”
Technology focus Cognitive augmentation
Theory of learning Information processing
theory; cognitive
constructivist learning
View of second language
Acquisition
Cognitive (a mentally
constructed system)
Dominant approaches to
second
language teaching
Communicative language
teaching
Learner status Independent
Principal use of computers
in CALL
Communicative exercises
Principal learning objective
of CALL
fluency
Primary research concern Instructional transfer,
learner proficiency

8. Integrative CALL
O 1990- till now
O Multimedia technology - by the CD-ROM - allows a
variety of media (text, graphics, sound, animation,
and video) to be accessed on a single machine
O Hypermedia
O Dustin programme
O CMC
O Synchronous: Chat online, pc to pc calling, video
conference, chatrooms, , skype video/audio chat
O Asynchronous: twitter, tandem language learning,
facebook

9. Theoretical perspective Integrative CALL
Role of the computer Unified information
management system; as a
“toolbox”
Technology focus Group orchestration
Theory of learning Sociocultural theories of
learning
View of second language
Acquisition
Socio-cognitive (developed
in
social interaction)
Dominant approaches to
Second language teaching
Content based; specific
purposes
Learner status Collaborative
Principal use of computers
in CALL
Authentic discourse
Principal learning objective
of CALL
agency
Primary research concern Instruction as enacted
practice,

10. CALL Activities
O Electronic dictionaries
O Hot potatoes exercises: Matching words, sentences, or pictures
, Multiple Choice
O Adventure games: certain situation and role play
O Cross words
O Hot words
O Listening exercises
O MUD
O Writing & word-processing
O Computer mediated communication: blogs, emails,
collaborative
O Multimedia: hypermedia, vodcast, podcasts, graphics, pictures,
animation, text
O Concordancers

11. WEB-BASED LEARNING
PROGRAMS
CALL-SPECIFIC
SOFTWARE-
GENERIC
SOFTWARE
COMPUTER-
MEDIATED
COMMUNICATI
ON (CMC)
PROGRAMS

12. Hot Potatoes

13. Hot Potatoes