Content :- Introduction Cultivation of plant Process of deriving opium from poppies opium and its derivatives Routes of Administration USES (applications) Papaver somniferumApheen / Opium / Poppy BN- Papaver somniferum Family- Papaveraceae wonderful –narcotic effect Also grown for ornamental plant More than 25 alkaloids including morphine and codeine Effects central nervous system Acts as painkiller decreases digestive juices. Highly addictive! Cultivation:- In winter in MP, UP, Rajasthan. Sowing is in Oct-Nov and doda or capsule is ready in march and April Any type of soil but mostly in loam soil rich in organic matter Dull cloudy or rainy whether not suitable For optimum growth- cool weather, adequate sunlight, tem 9C-28C Collection of opium is Feb and last up to April PROCESS OF DERIVING OPIUM FROM POPPIES:- After flowering, the petals drop in a few days and leaving green capsules a top of the stalks. These are the seed pods. Incisions (cut) are made in the pods and the milky fluid that oozes out is air dried. This must be done while the pods are still green. OPIATES ARE DERIVED FROM THE POPPY PLANT:- CONTENTS OF THE POPPY POD FLUID: Morphine - 21 % Codeine - 25% *There are at least 20 other alkaloids, such as Thebaine, papaverine and noscapine in the fluid. Opium and its derivatives:- Routes of Administration:- Smoking opium At some places opium dissolved into wine Some are opium eaters Some are opium drinkers Heroin use in NYS is still high because the purity of heroin is extremely high (65%) and can be snorted instead of used intravenously. USES:- Regularly – injurious creates – euphoria Morphine- most effective and potent pain-relieving agent in medicine and used as narcotic, sedative. Codeine- mild analgesic , widely used as antitussive or cough relieving agent as codeine sulphate.etc Noscapine- alkaloid –used as antitussive in wet cough and bronchial asthma pavarine- use as antispasmodic and vasodilator to relive pain in coronary and cerebral thrombosis Used in cough medicine Used for cure diarrhea, vomiting and reduced BP The drug was originally used as a treatment for diarrhea much as it is today. In the 17th century, the Dutch introduced smoking to Taiwan (Formosa) and people began to mix opium and tobacco as a treatment for malaria. The practice soon became popular in China. Fresh Leaves- used as vegetable along with mung (Pansy) Seed – Dana- Khaskhas also have cooling effect used for making popular drink Thandai. Seed - as source of semidrying oil (Poppy oil) used in paints,ink. And is also used as a vehicle for chemotherapy delivery.

1. Papaver somniferum
(Opium,Poppy)
by:- Mr. Arpit joshi
Biochemistry

2. • Introduction
• Cultivation of plant
• Process of deriving opium from poppies
• opium and its derivatives
• Routes of Administration
• USES (applications)

3. Papaver somniferum
Apheen / Opium / Poppy
• BN- Papaver somniferum
• Family- Papaveraceae
• wonderful –narcotic effect
• Also grown for ornamental plant
• Origin and Distribution
• Asia
• Mostly cultivated in Aus, Burma, Iran, India, Pak,
Japan Poppy flower and capsule

4. • More than 25 alkaloids including morphine
and codeine
• Effects central nervous system
• Acts as painkiller
• decreases digestive juices.
• Highly addictive!

5. Cultivation:-
• In winter in MP, UP, Rajasthan.
• Sowing is in Oct-Nov and doda or capsule is ready in march and April
• Any type of soil but mostly in loam soil rich in organic matter
• Dull cloudy or rainy whether not suitable
• For optimum growth- cool weather, adequate sunlight, tem 9C-28C
• Collection of opium is Feb and last up to April

6. 6
PROCESS OF DERIVING OPIUM FROM POPPIES:-
• After flowering, the petals drop in a
few days and leaving green capsules
a top of the stalks.
• These are the seed pods.

7. 7
• Incisions (cut) are made in the pods
and the milky fluid that oozes out is
air dried. This must be done while
the pods are still green.
Incised poppy capsule and latex

9. 9
OPIATES ARE DERIVED FROM THE POPPY PLANT:-
CONTENTS OF THE POPPY
POD FLUID:
• Morphine - 21 %
• Codeine - 25%
*There are at least 20 other alkaloids, such
as Thebaine, papaverine and noscapine
in the fluid.

10. Opium and its derivatives:-
raw opium
extract
morphine
heroin
(1898)
codeine thebaine
Percadan
Natural components (1800)

12. Routes of Administration:-
• Smoking opium
• At some places opium dissolved into wine
• Some are opium eaters
• Some are opium drinkers
• Heroin use in NYS is still high because the purity of heroin is
extremely high (65%) and can be snorted instead of used
intravenously.

13. USES:-
• Regularly – injurious creates – euphoria
• Morphine- most effective and potent pain-relieving agent in medicine and used as
narcotic, sedative.
• Codeine- mild analgesic , widely used as antitussive or cough relieving agent as codeine
sulphate.etc
• Noscapine- alkaloid –used as antitussive in wet cough and bronchial asthma
• pavarine- use as antispasmodic and vasodilator to relive pain in coronary and cerebral
thrombosis

14. • Used in cough medicine
• Used for cure diarrhea, vomiting and reduced BP
• The drug was originally used as a treatment for diarrhea much as it is today.
• In the 17th century, the Dutch introduced smoking to Taiwan (Formosa) and
people began to mix opium and tobacco as a treatment for malaria. The practice
soon became popular in China.

15. • Fresh Leaves- used as vegetable along with mung (Pansy)
• Seed – Dana- Khaskhas also have cooling effect used for making popular drink
Thandai.
• Seed - as source of semidrying oil (Poppy oil) used in paints,ink. And is also used as
a vehicle for chemotherapy delivery.