1. Theory X & Y
McGregor

2. 2
Classical Approaches to
Management
• McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y
– According to Theory X, managers believe
workers
• dislike work
• lack ambition
• are irresponsible
• are resistant to change
• prefer to be led

3. 3
Classical Approaches to
Management
• McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y
– According to Theory Y, managers believe
workers
• are willing to work
• are capable of self control
• accept responsibility
• are imaginative and creative
• self-directed

4. 4
Classical Approaches to
Management
• McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y
– Managers create self-fulfilling prophesies
– Theory X managers creative dependent and
reluctant workers
– Theory Y managers creates workers who
perform as expected with initiative and high
performance
• central to notions of empowerment

5. Theory X
Work is natural
Capable of self-direction
Seek responsibility
Can make good decisions
Work avoiding
Need to control
Avoid responsibility
Workers seek security
Theory Y
MCGREGOR’S THEORY X & Y

6. ASSUM PTIO NS O F TH EO RY X V ER SU S
TH EO RY Y M AN AG ERS
EM PLO YEES:
Dislike/avoid work
Require coercion
Shun responsibility
H ave little am bition
Seek security
EM PLO YEES:
Naturally expend effort
W ill exercise self-discretion
Accept and seek responsibility
H ave creative capacity
H ave high level needs
TM 2-3
Irw in/M cG raw -H ill © The M cGraw -Hill Com panies, Inc., 1998

7. ASSUM PTIO NS O F TH EO RY X V ER SU S
TH EO RY Y M AN AG ERS
EM PLO YEES:
Dislike/avoid work
Require coercion
Shun responsibility
H ave little am bition
Seek security
EM PLO YEES:
Naturally expend effort
W ill exercise self-discretion
Accept and seek responsibility
H ave creative capacity
H ave high level needs
TM 2-3
Irw in/M cG raw -H ill © The M cGraw -Hill Com panies, Inc., 1998
School System Administrators
TEACHERS TEACHERS
Motivate by:
Threats
Supervision
Sing-In Sheets
Fear
Intimidation
Motivate by:
Trust
Shared Responsibility
Encouragement
Risk-taking
Creativity
Collaboration