This document outlines a colloquium presentation on virtual manufacturing. It discusses various topics related to virtual manufacturing including definitions of virtual manufacturing, literature reviews, virtual environments, computer integrated manufacturing, virtual reality technology, simulation tools, benefits and applications of virtual manufacturing. The presentation aims to provide an introduction and overview of key concepts in virtual manufacturing.

2. COLLOQUIUM
ON
VIRTUAL MANUFACTURING
Thesis Supervisor:-
Dr. Audhesh Narayan
Mechanical Department
MNNIT Allahabad
Presented By:-
Anurag Chaudhary
M.Tech. (Production)
2015PR02

3. OUTLINES
 Introduction
 Literature survey
 What VM is?
 Virtual environment
 Task to construct Virtual
Environment
 Need of VM
 Vision of VM
 Characteristics
 Classification
 Computer integrated
manufacturing
 Virtual reality technology
 Types of VR system
 Methods and tools used in
virtual manufacturing
 Existing tools for VM
 Simulation tools for VM
 Factors Maximized
effectiveness
 Benefits of virtual
manufacturing
 Drawbacks
 Applications
 Conclusion
 References

4. INTRODUCTION
 It is a new kind of manufacturing technology.
 It is based on –
 Simulation technology
 Virtual reality technology
 Information technology
 Virtual Manufacturing system is a computer system
which can generate the same information about
manufacturing system’s structure, states and behaviors
as we can observe in real manufacturing systems.
 VM is used in interactive simulation of various
manufacturing process such as virtual prototyping,
virtual machining, virtual inspection, virtual assembly
and virtual operational system.

5. LITERATURE SURVEY
 Increasing trend of collaboration in manufacturing
Internet-enabled distributed systems (Bailey 1995, Tay
et. al. 2001)
Equipment and machines gravitating towards Internet
integrated technology, modular and commercially
available parts (Tan & Chu 2000, Tan & Lee 1999)
 Increasing trend of virtual technologies in education
Empirical data on transfer of skills from virtual
environments to real world in terms of instructional
effectiveness (Moshell et. al. 1993, Tan & Ward 1998)
Potential of VEs in education & training (Youngblut
1997, Francis & Tan 1999)
Simulators & on-line laboratories (Tan 2000, Tan &
Chu 2000)

6. What VM is ?
Virtual manufacturing is manufacturing in
a computer.
Virtual manufacturing is a manufacturing
of imaginary objects in an imaginary or
virtual environment to attain concrete
objective.
An integrated, synthetic manufacturing
environment exercised to enhance all
levels of decision and control

7. Continued……

8. Virtual Environment
 A computer-generated,3-D representation of a setting in
which the user of the technology perceives themselves
to be and with in which interaction takes place.
 A place containing things that can be manipulated
easily.

9. Task to construct Virtual Environment
Product model library
Device model preparation
Virtual shop floor model construction
Virtual enterprise organization

10. Need of VM is?
 Development of models
 Simulation of models
 Optimization of process
 Virtual prototyping
 Calculation of different parameters

11. Vision of VM
Manufacture in the computer.
Provide a powerful modeling and simulation
environment.

12. CHARACTERISTICS
 Virtual manufacturing deals with the information and data of
the product and manufacturing system.
 Virtual manufacturing is not true manufacturing, but in the
manufacturing of computer and network system related with
software.
 Virtual manufacturing processing results are digital products,
rather than the real material products.
 Virtual manufacturing is a disperse system.
 The simulation of product design, processing and assembling
process can be parallel operated.

13. CLASSIFICATION
Classification based on types of product and
process design
Design-oriented Virtual Manufacturing
Production-oriented Virtual Manufacturing
Control-oriented Virtual Manufacturing

14. Classification based on type of system
integration
Real Physical System
Real Information System
Virtual Physical System
Virtual Information System
Classification based on functional usage
Virtual Prototyping
Virtual Machining
Virtual Inspection
Virtual Assembly
Virtual Operational Control

15. Physical flowFlow of Information
Central
Computer
Marketing
Orders fed by tele-
communication. Information
on what to make including
special designs fed to CAD
CAD/CAM
Product design & analysis
for QA specs to CAM to
plan for mfg. Plans and
feedback to CAD/CAM
interface
Factory Management
Planning, scheduling,
material management,
costs, QA, shipping and
distribution.
Computer Aided Fab.
Parts fabricated on NC &
FMS systems involving
control & material
movement.
Automated Assembly
Robotic movement of
materials & assembly.
Automated QC & product
test.
Automated Warehousing
Robotic movement of material
for storage & order picking.
Automated order picking &
shipping.
COMPUTER INTEGRATEDMANUFACTURING

16. VIRTUAL REALITY TECHNOLOGY
 Virtual Reality is technology for presentation of complicated
information, manipulations and interactions of person with them by
computer.
 Virtual Reality is a computer-generated interactive three-dimensional
environment to simulate reality.
 Virtual reality with ability to show data 3D and attach sounds and
touch information increases extraordinarily data comprehensibility.
 Virtual reality has entered into the public awareness as medial toy
with equipment “helmet-glove”, which was preferentially
determined for wide public and the price of this system had also to
correspond to this fact, so price could not be very high.

17. Types of VR System
 Windows on World(WoW)
 Also called Desktop VR.
 Using a conventional computer monitor to display
the 3D virtual world.
 Immersive VR
Completely immerse the user's personal viewpoint
inside the virtual 3D world.
 The user has no visual contact with the physical
word.
Often equipped with a Head Mounted Display
(HMD).

18.  Telepresence
A variation of visualizing complete computer
generated worlds.
Links remote sensors in the real world with the senses
of a human operator. The remote sensors might be
located on a robot. Useful for performing operations
in dangerous environments.
 Mixed Reality(Augmented Reality)
The seamless merging of real space and virtual space.
Integrate the computer-generated virtual objects into
the physical world which become in a sense an equal
part of our natural environment.
 Distributed VR
A simulated world runs on several computers which
are connected over network and the people are able to
interact in real time, sharing the same virtual world

19. Methods and tools used in Virtual
manufacturing
 Manufacturing characterization
 Modeling and representation technologies
 Visualization, environment construction technologies
 Verification, validation and measurement
 Multi discipline optimization

20. Existing tools for VM
 Design Tools
 Computer Aided Engineering (CAE)
 3-Dimensional Computer Aided Design (CAD) Models
 Design for Manufacturability & Assembly (DFMA)
 Production Tools
 Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM)
 Advanced Modeling and Simulation
 Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS)
 Integrated Product/Process
 Development (IPPD)
 Just in Time (JIT)
 Materials Requirement Planning (MRP),
 Manufacturing Resources Planning (MRP II)
 Kanban
 Virtual Reality

21.  Quality Tools
 Total Quality Management (TQM)
 Quality Function Deployment (QFD)
 Artificial Intelligence (AI) Tools
 Expert Systems
 Neural Networks
 Fuzzy Logic,
 Object Oriented Technologies
 Autonomous Agents
 Management Tools
 Quality Philosophies in Manufacturing
 Manufacturing Strategies
 Management Information Systems (MIS)

22. Simulation tools for VM

23. Factors Maximized effectiveness of VM
3 D visualization
Identical Man-Machine Interface
Simulation
Interface and monitoring

24. BENEFITS OF VIRTUAL MANUFACTURING
Quality
Shorter cycle time
Producibility
Flexibility
Responsiveness
Customer relations

25. Drawbacks
 Integration of simulation systems in planning and design
tools
 Automatic generation of simulation models
 Distributed simulation, optimization and control
 Hybrid simulation
 Human-computer interfaces
 Virtual prototyping

26. APPLICATIONS
Virtual Prototyping
Maintenance.
Virtual machine tools.
Material and warehouse
distribution systems study
and development.
VM for sheet metal
processing.
 Virtual machining and
inspection system
Airport operations.
Urban traffic operations.
National economy study.
Waging military battles.

27. CONCLUSION
 It appears that VM will stimulate the need to design both
for manufacturability and manufacturing efficiency.
 Nowadays, even if there is a lot of work to do, all the
pieces are in place for Virtual Manufacturing to become
a standard tool for the design to manufacturing process.

28. References
 Philippe Dépincé, Damien Chablat, Peer-Oliver Woelk,
Virtual Manufacturing: Tools for improving design and
production, Technical Workshop on Virtual
Manufacturing, 2003.
 MARCINČIN, J. N.: Application of the Virtual Reality
Technologies in Design of Automated Workplaces.
Transactions of the Universities of Košice, Vol. 10, No.
1, Košice, 2001, pp. 47-51, ISSN 1335-2334.
 E. Raj Kumar, An overview of virtual manufacturing
with case studies, IJEST, Vol 3, Iss 4, 2011.
 K. Iwata, M. Onosato, K. Teramoto, S. Osaki, “A
Modelling and Simulation Architecture for Virtual
Manufacturing Systems,” Annals of the CIRP, Vol. 44,
No. 1, 1995, p399-402