Unraveling Multimodality with Large Language Models.pdf
Urban forestry
1. Arborist Certification
preparatory Class
Urban Forestry
Brett O’Brien
Park Natural Resources Supervisor
Columbia Parks & Recreation Department
bjo@gocolumbiamo.com
2. Benefits and Costs of trees
Sociological-
trees have an influence
on our societal, cultural and
individual well being
Environmental- Trees have an
ecological impact of trees in a
community
3. Sociological
Higher property values
Improves business in commercial
districts
Reduces AD/HD symptoms
Reduces aggression and violence
Builds stronger communities
http://lhhl.illinois.edu/research.htm
4. Environmental
Runoff reduction and stormwater
control
Air pollution reduction
Energy savings
Carbon sequestration
Provide habitat
http://na.fs.fed.us/urban/treespayusback/index.shtm
5. The costs
Tree purchasing and planting
Pruning
Irrigation
Removal and disposal
Pest, disease prevention and control
Sidewalk repair
Leaf litter clean-up
Legal liability and other
administrative aspects
7. Single tree appraisal and valuation
theNinth Edition of the Guide for
Plant Appraisal published by the
International Society of Arboriculture
http://treebenefits.com/calculator/
8. The CTLA
The Council of Tree & Landscape
Appraisers (CTLA) is an organization of
tree care and landscape associations,
including TCIA, the American Nursery and
Landscape Association (ANLA), American
Society of Consulting Arborists (ASCA),
American Society of Landscape Architects
(ASLA), PLANET, and International Society
of Arboriculture (ISA)
9. basic approaches for plant
appraisals:
Cost Approach
-Replacement costs
-Cost of cure
-Cost of repair
Income Approach
-Crop value
-Forest appraisal (timber value)
Market Approach
Benefit based approach
http://www.asca-consultants.org/
10. Replacement costs
This method is used when the plants are
of a size that can be replaced
– The Replacement Cost Method can be used to
appraise the value of transplantable landscape
trees, shrubs, and vines. The Appraised Value
of a landscape plant is based on the cost of
planting a plant of the same or comparable
species, conditions, and size in the same place.
If the appraised plant is to be replaced, the
costs of plant removal and cleanup are added
to obtain the Appraised Value.
11. Trunk Formula Method
Appraised Value = Basic Value x Condition x Location
Basic Value = Replacement Cost + (Basic Price x [TA(A) -
TA(R)] x Species)
Condition = A rating of the tree's structure and health and based
on 100 percent
Location = the average for the tree's Site, Contribution and
Placement and based on 100 percent
Replacement Cost = the cost to purchase and install the largest
locally available and transportable tree in the area.
Basic Price = the cost per square inch of trunk area of a
replacement tree measured at the height prescribed by the
American Nursery Standards.
TA(A) = Trunk Area at 4.5 feet above the ground of the
appraised tree
TA(R) = Trunk Area at 6 inches or 12 inches above the ground
of the replacement tree
Species = the rating for a particular species and based on 100
percent
12. Example - 18 inch DBH sawtooth oak
Condition=70%
Location= 80%
Replacement Cost= $300
Basic Price= $38
TA(A)=254 inches= 18 inch dbh oak*
TA(R)= 5 inches= 2.5 inch replacement tree
Species rating=70%
Basic Value = $300 + ($38 x [254 - 5] x .70)
$6923 x .70 x .80
Appraised Value = $3877
*3.14 times Radius squared
http://www.illinoisarborist.org/SpeciesRating.htm
13. Community tree appraisal and
valuation
i-tree suite of software tools
i-tree eco -provides a broad picture
of the entire urban forest.
i-tree street -focuses on the benefits
provided by a municipality's street
trees.
i-tree storm-provides a method for a
community to assess widespread storm
damage after a severe storm
http://www.itreetools.org/
14. Regulatory and legal issues
Liabilityissues
Insurance issues
Ordinances
License and permit requirements
Tree preservation
Planting and tree care standards
15. Liability issues
R.O.W. trees
-utility line clearance
-municipal responsibility and ownership
Public nuisances
-dead or hazardous trees
-low branches over streets/walks
-infectious diseases or insects
-impeding line of sight
16. Insurance issues
Proofof insurance
A reputable arborist carries
personal and property damage
insurance ($1million per
occurrence, $2million aggregate)
and Workers Compensation
insurance ($1 Million)
17. Ordinances
Street tree ordinances primarily cover the
planting and removal of trees within public
rights-of-way
Tree protection ordinances are primarily
directed at providing protection for native
trees or trees with historical significance
View ordinances are designed to help
resolve conflicts between property owners
that result when trees block views or
sunlight
18. License and permit requirements
A variety of local, state, and federal
laws. Examples include:
business license
Pesticide applicator license
Land disturbance permits
19. Tree Preservation
Tree preservation orders (TPOs) are
established under municipal
ordinances and can be for;
-single tree
-group of trees
-all trees within a defined area
-woodland areas
http://www.gocolumbiamo.com/Council/Code_of_Ordinances_PDF/index.php
20. Planting and tree care standards
The American Standards Institute (ANSI)
ANSI A300 (Part 6)-2005
Transplanting
ANSI Z60.1-2004
American Standard for Nursery Stock
http://isa-arbor.com/education/onlineResources/cadPlanningSpecifications.aspx
22. Tree selection
municipalities should strive for
diversity of tree species throughout
their city
-An accepted rule recommends no
more than 30 % from a single
plant family, less than 20 % of the
trees should be from the same
genus and no more than, 10 %
from the same species
http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/EP/EP31000.pdf
23. Insects and diseases
Can have a devastating impact on a
community forest
A Urban Forest Master Plan can help
formulate policies and procedures for
managing these threats
– identifying
– Monitoring
– Determining the economic threshold
– Selecting the correct treatment
– Proper timing of management strategies
– Record keeping and evaluation
24. Protection
Urban Forestry Master Plan can set the
policies and strategies needed to enhance
and protect the urban forests
-maintenance
-removal and replacement
-storm-response/emergency plan
-preservation
-tree risk management plan
http://www.leesburgva.gov/Modules/ShowDocument.aspx?documentid=1003
25. Tree inventories
Partial
– Downtown trees
– Park trees
– Historic or other significant tree
collection
Complete
– 100% inventory of all public trees and
potential planting sites
– GIS/GPS option
http://www.gocolumbiamo.com/Maps/NaturalResourcesInventory.php
26. Leadership in energy and
environmental design (LEEDS)
Established a set of standards for building and
development certification. Measurements based
on;
– Sustainable sites
– Water efficiencies
– Energy and atmosphere
– Materials and resources
– Indoor environmental qualities
– Location and linkages
– Awareness and education
– Innovation in design
– Regional priority
http://www.usgbc.org/
27. Sustainable sites Initiative (SITES)
was created to promote sustainable land
development and management practices
that can apply to sites with and without
buildings
The Initiative developed criteria for
sustainable land practices that will enable
built landscapes to support natural
ecological functions by protecting existing
ecosystems and regenerating ecological
capacity where it has been lost
http://www.sustainablesites.org/
29. Audience Types
Whom does a urban forester need to
share information with?
– City administrators
– Other city departments
– Utilities, educational institutions, and other
outside agencies
– Commercial and business enterprises
– Non-profit organizations
– State and federal agencies
– Homeowners and other private citizens
30. Arbor Day Foundation
Tree City USA
A tree board or Department
A tree care ordinance
A community forestry program with
an annual budget of at least $2 per
capita
An Arbor Day observation and
proclamation
http://www.arborday.org/programs/treeCityUSA/index.cfm
31. Topics
Developing management goals for the
community urban forests.
-Tree planting and increased forestry
canopy cover.
-Improved tree planting/protection
legislation and policies.
-Expanded education and public
relations.
-Improved organizational structure and
funding.
-Improved urban forest maintenance.
http://www.on-line-seminars.com/
32. Deep thoughts
If trees could scream, would we be so cavalier about
cutting them down?
We might, if they screamed all the time, for no good
reason.
