Walter Gropius was a pioneering German architect and founder of the Bauhaus school. He helped develop modern architectural styles and principles such as simplified geometric forms, use of modern materials like steel and glass, and an emphasis on functionality. Some of his most notable designs included the Fagus Factory, the Bauhaus school complex, and the Gropius House. Gropius' designs featured open floor plans, flat or shed roofs, large windows, and an emphasis on form following function.

1. ARCHITECTURAL
DESIGN THEORY – 4
AR. WALTER GROPIUS
PRESENTED BY:
ANANT NAUTIYAL(1304003)
RIYA TANEJA(1304029)
SNEHA
SUBRAMANIAM(1304037)

2. CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
PRINCIPLES
BUILDINGS
"Architecture begins where the engineering
ends" -Walter Gropius

3. INTRODUCTION
Pioneer Master Of Modern Architecture.
Born In Berlin On 18 May 1883.
Was A German Architect And An Educator.
Influential Proponent Of Modern Design And Furthered His Ideas Through
Bauhaus School Design.
He Was Taught By His Father Who Also Was An Architect And Learned The
Study Of Proportions With Actual Architectural Expressions By His Uncle.
Gropius Could Not Draw, And Was Dependent On Collaborators And
Partner-interpreters Throughout His Career. In School He Hired An Assistant
To Complete His Homework For Him.
Gropius’s Career Was Interrupted By The Outbreak Of World War-1 In 1914
And Served As A Sergeant And Then As A Lieutenant. GEORGE WALTER ADOLF GROPIUS

4. EDUCATION AND EARLY
WORKS
• 1903 He Left School And Went To The Technical University In Munich To Study
Architecture.
• Although He Studied Architecture In Munich And Berlin (1903-1907), He Received
No Degree.
• In 1908,gropius Worked Under The Renowned Architect And Industrial Designer
Peter Behrens Till 1910.
• In 1919, Gropius Transformed The Grand-ducal Saxon School Of Arts And Craft
Into The World Famous Bauhaus.
• In 1934, He Moved And Began To Work In Britain.
• In 1937, He Moved To New York And Taught At The Harvard University.
• In 1946, Gropius Founded The Young Architects Association, The Architects
Collaborative(tac).

5. PRINCIPLES
• Simple Geometry Often Rectangular.
• Use Of Modern Materials Like Steel, Rcc And Glass
• Smooth Surface
• Primary Colours
• Linear And Horizontal Elements
 Grid System
 His Design Has Full Command Of The Elements Of Architecture, Which Were To Constitute
The International Modern Style.
 He Believed That All Initial Training For Artist And Craftsman Should Be Same I.e.
Introduction To Form, Colour, Nature Of Material.
 In Those Times The Use Of Machine Was Encouraged Because Of The Phase Of
Industrialisation.
 He Realized The Interdependence Of Machine And Architecture, Thus Encouraged The Use Of

6. Plane surface without any
ornamentation

7. Colours:
white,
gray,
beige
or black

8. New Technology
Uses of :
Concrete SteelGlass
"The ultimate aim of all artistic activity is building! The artist is a
heightened manifestation of the craftsman... Let us together create the
new building of the future which will be all in one: architecture and
sculpture and painting." -Walter Gropius

9. FAMOUS BUILDINGS
Fagus Factory (1911-1913)
Bauhaus
Gropius House (1937-38 )
Josephine M. Hagerty House 1938
J.f. Kennedy Federal Building : 1963-1966
Pan Am Building(now Metlife Building) 1960-1963
Waldenmark 1939

10. FAGUS FACTORY
 The Fagus Factory Is A Shoe Last Factory In
Alfeld On The Leine In Germany And Is An
Important Example Of Early Modern
Architecture.
 Constructed Between 1911-1913, It Was
Walter Gropius' First Independent
Commission
 It Was Called An Artistic And Practical Design
By Gropius
 It Was In Collaboration With Adolf Meyer.
 Most Striking Thing: Simplicity And
Confidence Of The Architecture.

11. FAGUS FACTORY
 Fagus Structure Was Actually A Hybrid Construction Of Brick Columns, Steel Beams
And Concrete Floor Slabs And Stairways.
 It Was A Steel Frame Supporting The Floors, Glass Screen External Walls.
 Pillars Are Set Behind The Façade So That Its Curtain Character Is Fully Realized.
 Glass Screen Was Used All Over The Walls To Have Proper View From Inside.
 Walls Are No Longer Supporters Of The Building But Simple Curtain Projecting
Against Increment Weather.
 It Was Domination Of Voids Over Solids.
 Plane Surfaces Predominate In This Factory.
 The Glass And Walls Are Joined Cleanly At The Corners Without The Intervention Of
Piers.

12. FAGUS FACTORY
• Use Of Floor-To-Ceiling Glass Windows On Steel Frames That Go
Around Tthe Corners Of The Buildings Without A Visible (most of
the time without any) Structural Support.
• The Other Unifying Element Is The Use Of Brick.
• All Buildings Have A Base Of About 40cm Of Black Brick And The
Rest Is Built Of Yellow Bricks.
• In Order To Enhance This Feeling Of Lightness, Gropius and Meyer
Used A Series Of optical Refinements Like Greater Horizontal Than
Vertical Elements On The Windows, Longer Windows On The
Corners And Taller Windows On The Last Floor.
• The Fagus Factory Is Still In Use Today And Was Included On
The List Of Unesco World Heritage Sites In 2011.

13. FAGUS FACTORY
The Office And Is One Of The Most Important
And Characteristic Of The Complex.
The Main Building, Rectangular In Shape, Was
Designed As A Structural Framework Without Pillars In
The Corners, With A Front Metal Grid Cut By Glass
Covers, One Of The First Examples Of Curtain Wall.

14. ELEVATI
ON

15. FAGUS FACTORY
Striking, fully glazed
corners
( Glass curtain walls
)
Façade of three-
storey
Flat-roofed
structure
Vaulted entrance
Open space

16. FAGUS FACTORY
The supports of
the building are
hidden
Slender piers
Iron frame
According to Gropius, the
factory should be a kind of
palace for the workers who
were offered light, air and
hygienic atmosphere

17. BAUHAUS
Designed By Gropius And His Partner Meyer With Certain
Amount of Participation From Students.
Bauhaus, Was An Art School In Germany That Combined
Crafts And The Fine Arts.
It Operated From 1919 To 1933. At That Time the German
Term about This Sound Bauhaus literally "house Of
Construction"—was Understood As Meaning "school Of
Building".
 The Complex Consists Of Five Main Elements Fully
Glazed 3 Storeyed:
Workshop Block.
Teaching Block.
Social Areas.
A 5-storeyed Study Block.
An Administrative Wing Spanning the Roadway
“The Bauhaus was not an institution…
it was an idea.”- Mies van der Rohe,
its last director 1953

18. BAUHAUS
To Produce A Separation Of Each Of These Functions
From Others, At The Same Time Not Isolating Them
But Bringing Them Together Into Efficient Integration.
Workshops Noticeably More Industrial, Particularly In
Their Window
The Square Pedalled Metal Windows Are Typical Of
Mass Produced Industrial Units.
BLOCK VIEW OF BAUHAUS BUILDING:
1. WORKSHOP
2. DINING HALL
3. STUDIO WORKSHOP
4. ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE
5. TRADE SCHOOL
BAUHAUS SITE PLAN

19. BAUHAUS
Aesthetically Bauhaus Was An Advanced Building But
Technologically- Probably Because Of The Limited Funds, It
Was ,someway Behind The Contemporary Works.
Bauhaus Is Enclosed By Glass Curtains
The Curtain Glass Walling Was First Used In Fagus Factory -
1911 And Then Used With Certain Refinement.
The Whole Cube Seems Like To Immense Horizontal Plains
Floating On The Ground.
Giant Light Cube Dazzling White Light From Every Wall.
The High Glass Walls Revealing The Light Steel Structure….
Delineated In All Its Transparency By The Iron Grid Of Its
Exterior Structure.

20. BAUHAUS
Plan Show The Linear Nature Of The Individual Structures.
The Complex Is Divided Into Three Main Wings.
The Studio Apartments Are Connected By Auditorium, Canteen,
Kitchens And Gymnasium To The Long Narrow
The Wing On Left Is The School Of Arts And Crafts, Wing On The
Right Accommodate The Workshop.
FIRST FLOOR PLAN
GROUND FLOOR PLAN

22. • Flat Roofs
• Smooth Facades Cubic Shapes
• Colours Are White, Gray, Beige Or Black
• Floor Plans Are Open
• Furniture Is Functional
Form follows Function :

23. Door knob
VS
Bauhaus
door knob
Early decorative
door knob

24. FAÇADE OF THE STUDENTS
STUDIO APARTMENTS WITH THEIR
CANTILEVERED BALCONIES AND
LARGE OPENINGS
GENERAL VIEW OF THE
BAUHAUS BUILDING

25. BAUHAUS, DESSAU.
STUDENT’S STUDIOS IN
FOREGROUND
BAUHAUS, DESSAU. ADMINISTRATION WING
OVER THE STREET, CONNECTING THE
SCHOOL DIVISIONS.
BAUHAUS, DESSAU.
INTERIOR, WORKSHOP.
BAUHAUS, DESSAU. INTERIOR,
CORRIDOR AND STAIRS

26. BAUHAUS, DESSAU INTERIOR,
DIRECTORS OFFICE.
BAUHAUS, DESSAU. INTERIOR,
STUDENTS WORK AND BEDROOM
BAUHAUS, DESSAU. INTERIOR,
AUDITORIUM

27. SECTI
ON

28. GROPIUS HOUSE , LINCLON, MASSACHUSETTS
It Was Done In Patrnership With Marcel Breller In Linclon (1937-
38 )
There Was An Extensive Use Of Timber Reinforced With Some
Steel Members , Lends A Different And Softer Character To The
Building.
Timber Cladding Was Hung Vertically.
Inconsistent Use Of Elements Like Spiral Stair To Roof Terrace
And Sun Lounge.
GROPIUS HOUSE, LINCLON,
MASSACHUSETTS

29. •Every aspect of the house and its surrounding landscape was planned for
maximum efficiency and simplicity.
•The Gropius House mixes up the traditional materials of New England
architecture (wood, brick, and fieldstone) with industrial materials such as
glass block , acoustic plaster, and chrome banisters.
•The house structure consists of a traditional New England post and beam
beam wooden frame.
•It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 2000.
GROPIUS HOUSE , LINCLON, MASSACHUSETTS

30. FIRST FLOOR PLAN
GROUND FLOOR PLAN

32. GROPIUS HOUSE , LINCLON ,
MASSACHUSETTS
GARDEN ELEVATION-
EXTERIOR VIEW FROM SOUTH
GROPIUS HOUSE-
LIVING AND DINING ROOM

33. JOSEPHINE M. HAGERTY
HOUSE
A historic house at 357 Atlantic Avenue in Cohasset,
Massachusetts.
Located a few feet from the shoreline.
Built in 1938 and added to the National Register of
Historic Places in 1997.
Architect : Walter Gropius; Marcel Breuer
Architectural style : International Style
The Hagerty House, was his first architectural
commission in the United States.

34. Two-story part-time residence characterized by a plain
geometric form and simplicity of detail, with a large
living area and several bedrooms.
The exterior staircases were constructed of welded and
galvanized steel pipes.
Granite was used for half of the house’s base as well as
for the mortared stone walls located at the front and
rear.
The roughly L-shaped house’s main longitudinal section
extends in a north–south orientation, punctuated by
floor-to-ceiling windows and smaller bands of glass
designed to maximize views of the Atlantic Ocean.
JOSEPHINE M. HAGERTY
HOUSE

35. Upstairs, the bedrooms are arranged in a uniform line of
five cubicles. Initially, each bedroom had a vividly colored
western wall—red, blue, yellow, or green—with the
remaining three walls painted white.
In the living room, there's a black leather Le
Corbusier lounge and a Minotti sofa set.

36. The main staircase consists of simple oak treads that
cantilever out from side walls sheathed in natural
vertical board and are supported on the other side by a
continuous grill-like railing truss.

38. J.F. KENNEDY FEDERAL
BUILDING
Building facts:
Architects: Walter Gropius and The Architects Collaborative with
Samuel Glaser
Construction Dates: 1963-1966
Architectural Style: Sixties Modern
Primary Materials: Steel, Reinforced Concrete, and Glass
Prominent Features: Monolithic towers; Landscaped Plaza; Public
Art
John Fitzgerald Kennedy Federal Building is a United States Federal government office
building located in the Government Center area of Boston, Massachusetts.
It is a complex that consists of two 26 floor towers and a low rise building of four floors that
connects to the two towers via an enclosed glass corridor.
The two towers stand at a height of 387 feet (118 m).

39. The exterior of the towers is constructed of pre-cast reinforced concrete.
The lower sections are faced with polished granite.
All aluminum work has a dark anodized finish in a medium gray tone.
A glass-enclosed walkway connects the four-story building to the towers.
Like the towers, the low building's facade is made of concrete and glass.
The building's design result in 45% of the available
space being occupied by the structure.
The remaining portion contains terraces, plazas,
landscaping, a sunken patio, and driveways.
Plazas are surfaced with stone in most sections.
A tiered stair platform of cement and brick leads to the
low building.
J.F. KENNEDY FEDERAL
BUILDING

40. WALDENMARK
Waldenmark, Also Known As The Edward Fischer House, Is A Historic House, Studio, Garage,
And Guesthouse Located In Wrightstown Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania.
Built1939,
Architect Gropius, Walter; Breuer, Marcel
Architectural Style International Style
The Main House Is A Two-level, Flat Roofed Dwelling.
It Is A Frame Structure With Redwood And Stone Sections.
It Features Curved Walls, Ribbon Windows, And A Freeform Stone Patio.
The Studio Is A Frame Structure With Redwood Siding With A Saltbox And Shed Roof Profile.
 The Guesthouse Is A Long Two-story Building With A Cantilevered Second Floor And Uneven
Gable Roof.
This property offers 3 buildings: a main residence, a writer's cottage and a carriage garage.
Large floor to ceiling windows, beautiful deck off of the 2nd level and 2 covered patios allow
you to enjoy the beauty of the natural surroundings.