The document discusses reservations in the Indian education system. It provides background on when reservations were introduced and the types of reservations that exist. It outlines the current situation where reservations make up 45% of many state quotas. It also discusses the debate around reservations, with supporters arguing it promotes equality while opponents say it hampers merit. Potential consequences are discussed like some taking undue advantage. Suggested solutions include basing reservations on family income and limiting it to the first two children. The conclusion is that while reservations achieved their goal, continued revisions may be needed.

1. SUBMITTED TO: BY:
PROF. KAVITA FONDEKAR AMRISH JHAVERI(09-225)

2. CONTENTS
I. INTRODUCTION
II. BACKGROUND
III. CURRENT SITUATION
IV. TYPES OF RESERVATION
V. RESERVATION VS NO RESERVATION- THE DEBATE
A. SUPPORTERS OF RESERVATION
B. NON-SUPPORTERS OF RESERVATION
VI. CONSEQUENCES
VII. SOLUTIONS
VIII. CONCLUSION
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3. I. INTRODUCTION
Reservation introduced for the equal progress of all the
sections of the society.
General category people have started to feel that they are
being subjugated.
The candidate who is the most worthy based on the
merit should get the opportunity irrespective of his
caste, creed and religion.
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4. II. BACKGROUND
STs(Scheduled Tribe) are the tribes that are not confirmed
to Hinduism.
SCs(Scheduled Caste) are the lower castes in the caste-
hierarchy of the Hindu culture.
 Article 46 of the Indian Constitution :-
Educational and economic interests of the weaker
sections of the people(SCs and STs) should be preserved
and shall protect them from social injustice and all
forms of exploitation.
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5. II. BACKGROUND
Reservations were introduced in the last decades of 19th
century when the subcontinent was divided into British
India and 600 princely states.
The princely states were determined in the advancement
of the minorities and deprived section of the society and
hence reservation policies came into existence.
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar made certain arrangements
for the backward classes to allow them to enjoy a humane
lifestyle and bring their upliftment in the political field.
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6. II. BACKGROUND
What do you think about reservations in the Indian education system?
a)I am ok with it.
What do you think about reservations in the Indian education system?
b)It needs to go.
What do you think about reservations in the Indian education system?
c)It is ok but needs changes.
6%
28%
66%
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7. II. BACKGROUND
Our interviewee Prof. Rugved V. Deolekar has
said, “Reservation was introduced to bring about the
development of every section of the society, but know
after 50-60 years no section of the society is lacking
behind.”
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8. III. CURRENT SITUATION
Total reservation quota stands at 45% in many states of
India and this includes the SCs, STs, and the OBCs.
Since economic status is not a test
used, undeserving people gain the advantages and the
deserving ones are still without a significant change in their
situations.
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9. III. CURRENT SITUATION
Mandal Commission Report of 1991 was in favour of
reservations in higher education and government
services for the other backward classes of India.
 The current slogan in India seems to be “abolish
reservation because merit and efficiency are in
danger.”
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10. IV. TYPES OF RESERVATION
a) Caste Based:
Caste is decided based on birth, and can never be changed.
A person can change his religion, and his economic status
can fluctuate, the caste is permanent.
b) Management Quota:
It is a quota based on economic status irrespective of
caste, race and religion; anybody who has money can buy
his/her seat.
c) Gender Based:
The Women's reservation Bill was passed by the Rajya
Sabha on 9 March 2010 by a majority vote of 186
members in favor and 1 against.
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11. IV. TYPES OF RESERVATION
d) Religion Based:
Government says that this sub-quota is based on the
backwardness of the religious communities and not on
the religions themselves.
e) State of Domicile:
Most of jobs under state government are reserved to
those who are domiciles under that government.
f) Undergraduate Colleges:
Institutes like JIPMER (Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate
Medical Education & Research) have a policy of reserving
postgraduate seats for those who completed their MBBS
in JIPMER.
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12. IV. TYPES OF RESERVATION
g) Other Criteria:
1) Sons / Daughters / Grandsons / Granddaughters of
Freedom Fighters.
2) Physically handicapped.
3) Sports personalities.
4) Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) have a small fraction of
reserved seats in educational institutions. They have to
pay more fees and pay in foreign currency.
5) Seat reservation for Senior citizens/ PH in Public Bus
transport.
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13. V. RESERVATION VS
NO-RESERVATION
 “Do we need talent or reservations to build our country?”
 Reservation is diluting the quality of education.
 Many capable candidates are today denied opportunity
simply because of shortage of seats.
 India does not have the money or resources to increase the
number of seats in our professional colleges.
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14. V. RESERVATION VS
NO-RESERVATION
 Some sections of the opponents feel reservations to be
acceptable on economic criteria rather than caste.
 Reservations were part of the constitution when it was
released in 1950.
It was introduced as a temporary measure to promote
equality among all the sections of the society.
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15. A. SUPPORTERS OF RESERVATION
 Reservation is a political necessity, required for peace
keeping in India.
 Reservations are a means to increase representation
of the present under-represented caste groups and
thereby improve diversity on campus.
General category people have never known to go
backward due to reservation.
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16. B. NON-SUPPORTERS OF RESERVATION
 Allocating quotas is a form of discrimination which is
contrary to the right to equality.
 60% of India that is rural needs schools, health care and
infrastructure in rural areas, not reservation in urban
institutions.
 Under graduates and graduates will start moving to
foreign universities for higher education.
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17. VI. CONSEQUENCES
 Most students from backward castes do not reveal the
truth about their parents income and get the scholarships
for education that they wouldn’t get normally.
 The government wants to give opportunities to the
backward castes to earn salaries like IIT & IIM graduates but
this should not happen at the cost of the quality of
education.
 Our interviewee Prof. Rugved V. Deolekar has
said, “I, myself, am from reserved category but took
admission at the post graduation level based on merit.”
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18. VI. CONSEQUENCES
Do you feel the current reservation system is hampering the
country's progress? a)Yes
Do you feel the current reservation system is hampering the
country's progress? b)No
24%
76%
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19. VI. CONSEQUENCES
Have you ever suffered any loss due to the reservation system?
a)Yes
Have you ever suffered any loss due to the reservation system?
b)No
44%
56%
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20. VII. SOLUTIONS
 Just three clauses will change the reservation attitude in India:
1. Reservation on the collective salary of family, that is salary of
husband and wife, and incomes derived from all other sources
like gifts or income from joint family property.
2. The benefit of the reservation for only first 2 children of the
family.
3. Creation of online database so every Indian will know which
family is enjoying the benefits of reservation in education or
job or women reservation.
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21. VII. SOLUTIONS
 Our interviewee Prof. Rugved V. Deolekar has said, “Many people
belonging to the reserved category are taking undue advantage of the
reservation. But from another point of view those who are worthy based
on merit are losing their value due to reservations.”
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22. VII. SOLUTIONS
Do you feel India will ever let go of the reservation system?
a)Yes
Do you feel India will ever let go of the reservation system?
b) No
0%
100%
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23. VIII. CONCLUSION
 Taking into considerations all the points we can conclude that
reservations were introduced in the Indian Education system as a
means for the overall development of the society.
However, today all sections of the society have been developed
economically, culturally and socially.
Hence, the need for reservations is limited.
Complete elimination of reservations is not possible considering
the current political scenario.
Hence, reservation should be provided to the people who really
need it and those people should be tracked regularly.
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24. THANK YOU
 We would like to give special thanks to our interviewee
Prof. Rugved V. Deolekar for his time.
We would also like to thank Prof. Kavita Fondekar for
helping us in various aspects of this project.
Last but not the least, to all the people who took the survey
and gave sincere answers.
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