Julian Helou's Exquisite Journey Through Thai Cuisine
Crops for Protected Cultivation
1. Dr. Parveen Sharma
Associate Professor (Vegetable Science)
Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur
ops suitable for protected cultivation according
rea, climate and maintenance of climate factors
10. Coco peat
•Coco peat also known as coir pith, coir fibre pith, coir dust, or
simply coir, is made from coconut husks, which are byproducts
of other industries that use coconuts.
• Raw coconuts are washed, heat-treated, screened and graded
before being processed into coco peat products of various
granularity and denseness, which are then used for horticultural
and agricultural applications and as industrial absorbent.
26. Cherry tomatoesCherry tomatoes
In this category fruits are very small in size and the
average fruit weight is 15-20g depending upon the
variety.
The cherry tomatoes have high TSS (6.5 to 7.5%).
Among the cherry tomatoes, BR-124 and H A-118
varieties from Israel are most popular.
28. Factors affecting greenhouse
tomato production
1. Temperature and humidity control
Night temperature should not be allowed to drop below 15 0
C.
2. Carbon-dioxide level in the green house
350 ppm to 1000 ppm
3. Light Reducing light levels from 10,000 to 2,500 lux
(approximately 100 to 25 W/m2
) has been shown to delay flower
initiation
4. Air movement
5. Disease and insect control
6. Nutritional management
29. Planting Time
In north Indian, the tomato crop is planted from first
August to second week of September under
polyhouse conditions.
This crop is continued up to June or July under
climate controlled greenhouse.
If the greenhouse is naturally ventilated then the
crop can be grown up to April or May months.
In H P we take two crops from naturally ventilated
polyhouse.
32. Fertigation
Basal doze of 50 kg NPK per hectare with straight
fertilizers and fertigation at 150 kg NPK per ha with water soluble
fertilizer (Polyfeed/Haileaf 19:19:19).
Fertilizer application with irrigation in liquid form is called
fertigation and it is done once or twice a week depending upon
soil fertility, variety, and stage of crop growth.
Generally drip system of irrigation is followed for green house
tomato so as to maintain constant growth.
Irrigation should be given at weekly or bi-weekly interval
depending upon the season and location
N : P : K solution in ratio of 19:19:19 is prepared and applied
through drip starting from 3rd
Week after transplanting or
initiation of fruit set and terminating 15 days prior to harvest.
33. Training
Single or two stems .
In early stage the shoots should remove by
snapping them off.
Plants are supported by plastic twine, loosely
anchored on the base of plants .
The twine is not wrapped around the growing
tip otherwise the tip may break.
The plants must be pruned regular basis for
10-11 months life cycle of the tomato crop.
This will provide air circulation, which helps to
reduce the incidence of the diseases .
35. Training method of tomato plants
Plastic support clip being placed around a tomato stem.
36. PRUNNING
These tomatoes require pruning of all lateral branches.
Pruning must be done on a frequent schedule (every 3
to 4 days) .
Prunning is done early in the day when plants are turgid
but dry.
Care should be taken to remove only suckers and not
the main terminal bud.
The pruning time should be used to inspect plants for
obvious problems such as disease, nutritional
deficiencies, insects etc.
All pruned plant material should be placed in a
container and removed from the greenhouse.
37. Flowering
Flowering is a prerequisite to fruit development and delays
in flowering generally result in delayed fruit
production.
The environment of the polyhouse can have a significant
effect on the number of flowers that are initiated on
an inflorescence .
38. Tomato flower with a bruise on the anther cone indicating
that the flower has been visited by a bumble bee.
39. PLANT PROTECTION
• Prefer biological control (yellow sticky traps,
pheromone/light traps, predators/parasitoids
• Grow resistant varieties only
• Use safe insecticides
• Keep strict and constant vigil against pest and
diseases
• Follow timely plant protection measures
• Prefer biological control (yellow sticky traps,
pheromone/light traps, predators/parasitoids
• Grow resistant varieties only
• Use safe insecticides
• Keep strict and constant vigil against pest and
diseases
• Follow timely plant protection measures
45. Type of Cucumber Varieties
On the bases of flowering habit:
1.Gynoecious:- Which produces only female flowers.
2.Pre-dominantly gynoecious :-Also bears some male
flowers.
3.Monoecious:- Which produces both male and
female flowers.
The first two types produce fruits parthenocarpically ,whereas, monoecious types require
pollination
46. Monoecious varieties
Monoecious varieties can be grown inside the greenhouses,
but pollination is required for fruit setting which are:
1)Japnese Long Green
2)Pusa Sanyog
3)Priya
4)Poinsett
5)Malini Hybrid
47. Separate male and female flowers
• Separate male and female flowers
• Require bee pollination
51. Parthenocarpic cucumber
The parthenocarpic cucumber is a type of cucumber vine that
produces only female flowers and produces cucumbers without
the need of pollination.
The seed for parthenocarpic cucumbers costs more than
ordinary cucumber seed but the germination or sprouting
rate is higher and the chance for disease or pest problems
is greatly less.
If pollination does occur, the fruit will form seeds, the
shape ofthe fruit will be distorted and a bitter tasting fruit will
develop. It is therefore essential to prevent bees and
other pollinators from entering the greenhouse and carrying
pollen from outdoor gardens
52. Parthenocarpic Varieties
The important parthenocarpic varieties available in
India are:
i. Satis
ii.HILLTON
iii.Nun-9729
iv.Clodia
v.Kian
vi.Mansour
A few important parthenocarpic varieties of cucumber from
Europe and Israel are:
Hasan and Sarig (for summer crop),
Muhasan and Dinar (for winter season),
Mustang and Bronco (for spring crop),
54. Plant geometry
•The cucumber seedlings are planted on the raised beds with two
rows in a bed with row to row spacing of 70 cm and plant to plant
spacing of 30 cm.
•In single stem training , female flowers should be removed or
pinched up to 5th
node to ensure sufficient vegetative growth of
the plants to sustain the fruit load.
58. Fertigation
Basal doze of 50 kg NPK per hectare with straight
fertilizers and fertigation at 450 kg NPK per ha with water
soluble fertilizer (Polyfeed/Haileaf 19:19:19).
Fertigation should be done once or twice a week depending
upon soil fertility, variety, and stage of crop growth.
Cucumber is heavy feeder crop.
Irrigation should be given at weekly or bi-weekly interval
depending upon the season and location
N : P : K solution in ratio of 19:19:19 is prepared and applied
through drip starting from 3rd
Week after transplanting or
initiation of fruit set and terminating 15 days prior to
harvest.
59. Training of Cucumber
• REMOVE FEMALE FLOWERS UPTO 5TH
NODE
• ONE OR TWO VINES
• RETAIN ONE FRUIT PER NODE
• DE-SHOOTING
60. Fig 1 (a) Fig 1 (b) Fig 1 (c)
Training systems in cucumber
62. To harvest cucumbers, cut (don't pull) them from the vine.
Pulling or yanking can damage the brittle vines.
63. Day neutral
More sensitive to changing environment than
tomato.
Optimum temperature for germination: 20-25 0
C.
Optimum temperature for quality fruit production:
18-21 0
C( 20-21 C).
Less than 18 0
C: adverse effect on growth and yield.
Low night temperature: parthenocarpic fruits.
Climatic Requirements
64. • Four lobed preferred for metropolitan cities and
other high markets.
• Others for local market
• Red, yellow, orange and purple varieties
Varieties
73. Fertigation
Basal doze of 50 kg NPK per hectare with straight
fertilizers and fertigation at 150 kg NPK per ha with water soluble
fertilizer (Polyfeed/Haileaf 19:19:19).
Fertilizer application with irrigation in liquid form is called
fertigation and it is done once or twice a week depending upon
soil fertility, variety, and stage of crop growth.
Capsicum is heavy feeder of macro and micro-nutrients
Generally drip system of irrigation is followed for green house
bell pepper so as to maintain constant growth.
Irrigation should be given at weekly or bi-weekly interval
depending upon the season and location
N : P : K solution in ratio of 19:19:19 is prepared and applied
through drip starting from 3rd
Week after transplanting or
initiation of fruit set and terminating 15 days prior to harvest.
74. Yield
Coloured fruits 60-70 tonnes/ha
Green fruits 120 tonnes/ha
Although, yield directly depends upon the location,
variety, climatic conditions and crop management
practices(plant geometry, irrig and fertilizer mgmt).
Average weight of quality colored four lobbed fruit is 180
to 220g.
