Planning and Layout of Garden

1. SUBMITTED TO:
Dr. B.S BENIWAL
SUBMITTED BY:-
NARENDER
(2011A24BVI)

2. Garden:- A garden is a planned space, usually outdoors,
set aside, and for the display, cultivation, and enjoyment
of plants other forms of nature. The garden can
incorporate both natural and man made materials.
Gardening is the activity of growing and maintaining
the garden.

3. Garden Planning
The planning of a garden is an art. It may be undertaken
by a professional. A landscape architect is a professional
who can plan and realise outdoor spaces.
The planner must give consideration to many factors:
 Purpose
 Existing conditions
 Financial constraints
 Maintenance implication

4. The landscapist should not try to imitate another
garden.
One has to develop one`s own design giving due
consideration to the local conditions. One more mistake
which is commonly made is to plant many more
specimens than a garden can accommodate causing
overcrowding .
A good planner is one who will make best use of a
site. The land with natural undulations should never be
level but rather the differences in level should be utilized
with advantage .
Cont….

5. Steps in Landscape plan drawing
While designing the garden the following fundamental
steps are to be crossed:-
 Meet the client
 Asses his needs and analyze the site
 Prepare the site analysis plan
 Draw the base plan
 Dream on a paper with a bubble graph or goose egg
plan

6.  Establish the garden components in design and test
the design.
 Make the master plan.
 Choosing the plants to each component.
 Trace the plan on vellum or use the computer software
to make it in the paper.
 Label the plan.
 Price the plan.
Cont…………..

7. Draw the base plan
Before start adding wonderful new landscape features it
is vital to prepare a map denoting the already existing
features. For that taking measurements may should
like a pain in the neck, but it will give idea about
estimates for what this new design is actually going to
cost. Without measurements, it is tough to have idea
about how much concrete ,wood , chips, top soil,
bricks, groundcover ,plants ,or other material that the
design requires. Correct measurements eliminate
guesswork and give confidence on the plant.

8. Elements of a Garden
The elements of a garden consists of natural conditions and
materials, as well as man made elements :
Natural conditions and materials :
 Soil
 Rocks
 Light conditions
 Wind
 Precipitation
 Air quality
- pollution
- proximity to ocean(salinity)

9. Man made elements;
 Terrace, patio, deck
 Paths
 Lighting
 Raised beds
 Outdoor arts /sculpture
 Pool, water garden or other water elements
Cont………..

10. Steps for Garden Planning
1. Check the zone map:-climate is the dominating
factor in the plant growth. over 50% of growth and
development of your plant crop is determined by
climate.so it just makes sense to take time up front
to select the right plants for your particular climate .
2. Determine the growing seasons :-Take note of the
buildings and tress that may block areas of your yard.
Estimate where the sun is going
to be tracking across your yard during growing

11. season and plan accordingly place the shade loving
plants in the path that gets shaded at the hottest time of
the day and place the sun loving plants where they will
receive the most sun possible .This will help ensure that
all plants reach their optimum potential.
Cont…………

12. Make a Drawing
 A good scale drawing will give you an idea of how
much seed to buy and how many plants you can cram
into the space.
 Draw any trees, buildings that might cast shade(to the
sunlight loving plant), low or high spots and anything
special about the site.
 There are computer software programmes for home
landscape design that may be helpful here.

13.  In a big garden it’s useful to break it down into
sections. One for the herbs, one for annuals, one for
the white flowers, you get the idea, anything that
seems logical to you.
 Put the big heavy sunflowers closer to home.
 Put the ones that need a lot of attention and extra
water close to the house outlet. You can use a row of
tall plants like sunflowers to shade a row just beside it,
a form of companion planting.
Cont…………

14. Bedding Plants
 For many home gardeners bedding plants are natural
choice when planting their gardens.
 Here are the steps to follow when starting bedding
plants from seed. On the other hand if you have
neither the desire, space, or time to start from scratch
here are a few tips for purchasing bedding plants.
Bedding plants are considered best to buy if they are
still blooming.
Select plants that are suitable to the selected site.

15. Most garden centres will list the specific exposure, soil
and cultural requirements for a variety of plants. In the
absence of signs with this information , read the tag on
each variety.
 Prepare the soil well before you plant, the structure of
either clay or sandy soil type can be changed by adding
organic matter such as Canadian sphagnum peat
moss, well rotted manure or garden compost.
Cont………..

16. Commercially bought bedding plants usually have a
complete interlocking root system in their pot. If you
transplant the entire pot, including the soil you may
encounter serious moisture problems with the roots. It
is better to clean away some of the soil, without
hurting any of the roots, and planting into prepared
soil of your own.
Water your plants immediately after transplanting
them and daily until they have become established.
Cont………..

17. Plant Spacing
 The best spacing will give the plants all the conditions
they need to fully develop, and to fill in completely in
between plants and down the rows, leaving just
enough room for you to walk along and pick you
harvest.
 Ideally they’d all be at waist height too so we won’t
have to bend over.
Antirrhinum

18.  So much crowding is not useful. Efficient use of space,
is however good, and if you can add extra inputs like
fertilizers and water, then you can increase the yield on
that given piece of garden.
 Try planting in beds of 5 or 6 rows close together to
make a span about 4 feet , that can be reached easily
from either side and no wasted space between the
rows. The beds can be spaced apart for walking and
working room.
Cont…………..

19. Placing of Perennials
 For ease of cultivation, especially year end clean up, consider
placing the perennials wide enough apart so that you can
use rototiller between the rows.
 Fill in these large spaces with annuals that can be tilled in.
 Try putting the perennials around the edges and away from
main area so you will have large open area to cultivate in the
fall rather than a whole bunch of small rows or blocks.
 Just for look it’s usually better to put perennials in group
rather than single plants spaced far apart or rows of single
plants.

20. Companions
 Usually it refers to planting certain species together as
a natural pesticide, fertilizer or the other benefits.
 The strong smell of marigold keeps many insects at a
distance.
 This is not full proof, but may reduce the numbers. It
looks nice too.

21.  Beans add nitrogen to the soil , so they can be planted
in any area that had heavy use of year before , like
where the sunflowers or the corn was.
 Sunflower and squash seem to like each-other, the
squash shades the roots of the sunflowers, the
sunflower shades the leaves of squash, and they fill up
all the space, high up and along the ground for
efficient use of the square feet.

22. Orientation
 There’s much discussion about north/south rows
verses east/west rows.
 You need to consider whether you want to catch the
late afternoon hot sun on your squash, or do you want
to shade the lettuce with a row of sunflowers on south
side of them.

23. Structures
 You may want to extend the season by using hot caps
or tunnels in the early spring and again in the fall. You
can also use shade tunnels, or add extra heat to the
pepper or even cantaloupe with the same tunnels
covered in white cloth instead of clear poly.
 For warming up crops always use two layers of poly, it’s
the air space between the layers that provides the
insulation.
 When you plant your rows you might want to make
them the same size as your tunnels.

24. Hogs
 Some plants are just pushy. Squash plants take up a lot
of room, so plant them at the edge of the garden where
they can spread out.
 Sunflowers use a lot of water in the soil and create a lot
of shade. Give them room to flourish.

25. Additional Planning Hints
 Plan the garden on paper first. Draw a map showing
arrangement and spacing of plants.
 If you wish to keep the garden growing all the season, you
may need a spring, summer and fall garden plan.
 Plan the garden and order seeds by January or February .
Some plants may be started indoors as early as January.
 In your plan place the tall and trellised crops on the north
side of the garden so they will not shade the small plants.
 Place perennial plants to the side of the garden where they
will not be disturbed by annual tillage.

26.  Pyramidal forms direct the eyes upward, so use
sparingly. Grouping pyramidal will soften the upward
influence. They will look more natural in the
surroundings with foliage to the ground.

27. Balance is Equilibrium on Left and
Right Sides.
Formal balance repeats the same left and right, giving
stability, stateliness, and dignity. It is high
maintenance keep both side similar.
Informal balance differs from left to right giving
curiosity, movement, and feels alive. Total mass of
plants need to balance left and right.

28. Formal balance (left) and informal balance (right).

29. Ornamental grass often adds emphasis
to a garden spot.

30. Cont………..
 With flower beds, angled corners and intricate
designed should be avoided and where they are on
lawns they should have the longer sides parallel with
the side of the lawn, with at least 2 feet of grass
between to allow easy mowing.
 Grass paths should be at least 5 to 10 feet wide.
 Herbaceous borders should have a graceful swinging
curve at the front rather than a series of small
serrations, and should be at least 6 feet deep.

31. LAYOUT OF GARDEN

32. Layout of Garden
 The layout should be as simple as possible ,consistent
with achieving the desired effects.
 A complicated layout may look attractive on paper ,but
when the garden has become a reality, results are
likely to be disappointing , particularly if the plants
become overcrowded. A rough plan should be
prepared with the boundaries of the plot , the house
and any other permanent features plainly marked on
it. The intended plant layout should then be sketched
in, bearing in mind the forgoing points, but
disregarding detail at this stage.

33. Cont………………
 In doing this it should be kept in mind that if the land
has to be levelled and the garden is a long one , it may
be necessary to have several tiers with a drop in level
between each one, and the plan must accommodate
this.
 It is always advisable to have a levelled terrace where
one can sit and relax and sunbathe. Such a terrace
should be at least 12 feet wide.

34. 1. Efficient utilization of available space.
2. To ensure that work proceeds from one point to
another point without any delay.
3. Provide enough production capacity.
4. Reduce material handling costs.
5. Reduce hazards to personnel.
6. Utilize labor efficiently
7. Increase employee moral.
Objectives of Layout

35. Layout of different gardens
Italian garden

36. • Geometrical patterned
beds , or patterres are a
distinct element of Italian
style.
• Traditionally , Italian
garden had few flowers.
• Display and backdrop for
sculpture.
• Contrast of sun and
shades.
• Water features
• Green being dominant
color of the Italian
garden.
FEATURES
…

39. 1. Significant use of
rectilinear layouts
are made within the
walled enclosures.
2. Typical features
include pools,
fountains and
canals inside the
gardens.

40. 3. Had handsome walls and great gateways.
4. Most important feature of Mughal garden is Char Bagh planning.

42. •The Persian gardens are planted
with different types of fruit,
flower trees, shrubs, shady
plants, etc.
• The irrigation canals are also
planted in the gardens.
• The canals were planted
straight to provide water to the
plants which were also planted
straight along the canals.
•The Persian garden style spread
eastwards to India and westwards
via Spain with the spread of
Islam and by the Romans.
AMALGAMATION OF THE
GARDENS AND CANALS

43. Elements of Persian Gardens
 The important Persian garden elements are
sunlight, shade, water, buildings.
 These elements provide relaxation in different
manners such as spiritual, leisurely (e.g. meetings
with friends) etc. which is the primary aim of
Persian garden which is considered as a paradise
on earth.
 The Persian gardens often connect internal yard
gardens with the surrounding outward gardens.

44. Japanese garden

45. Elementsof Japanese garden
 Stone lanterns
 Sculptures
 Stone wash basin
 Kio fishes
 Bridges
 Pathways
 Ponds
 Stepping stones
 Water falls
 Hills
 Tea houes

47. Rose garden

48. Private garden

49. SOME FAMOUS GARDEN OF INDIA

50. LALBAGH,BANGLORE(KARNATAKA)
 Lalbagh is the Karnataka state botanical garden
situated at Bangalore.
 The most attractive features of the garden is a large
glasshouse where the annual flower shows are held.
 Free style of garden.

51. LALBAGH

52. BRINDAVAN GARDEN
Situated in Mysore.(Karnataka)
Biggest formal garden.
The garden is famous mainly for its
illuminated running water and
innumerable fountains decorated by
colored lightings.

53. BRINDAVAN GARDEN

54. BOTANIC GARDEN
Coimbatore(TN)
 Situated on the campus of Tamil Nadu Agricultural
University.

55. The Indian Botanic Garden
 Situated in Sibpur Culcutta.
 The feature which attracts most visitors first is the
giant 200-year-old banyan tree.

56. The AGRI-HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY GARDEN
CULCUTTA (WEST BANGAL)

57. LLYOD BOTANIC GARDEN
DARJEELING(WB)
 Has a total area of 24 hectares.

58. NATIONAL BOTANICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE,
LUCKNOW(UP)
 Popularly known as Sikander Bagh.
 Present area of garden is 27 hectares.

59. HORTICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE,
SAHARANPUR (U.P)

60. RASHTRAPATI BHAVAN GARDEN,
New Delhi
 This garden is popularly referred as Mughal Garden.

61. BOTANICAL GARDEN,FRI,
DEHRADUN(U.P)
 The garden has a herbarium containing 300,000
sheets.

62. MUGHAL GARDEN OF KASHMIR

63. The MUGHAL GARDEN,PINJORE
(HARYANA)

64. CHANDIGARH ROSE GARDEN

65. MANDOR GARDEN,JODHPUR
(RAJASTHAN)

66. SAYAJI PARK,BARODA(GUJARAT)