Active Transport

1. ACTIVE TRANSPORT

2. INTRODUCTION

3. INTRODUCTION
oDirect passage through membrane
oPassage through channels/carriers

4. CATEGORIES OF TRANSPORT
PROCESSES
I. PASSIVE TRANSPOT – Simple diffusion,
Facilitated diffusion, Osmosis, Filtration, Bulk
flow & Solvent drag
II. ACTIVE TRANSPORT – Primary & Secondary
VESICULAR TRANSPORT – Endocytosis,
Exocytosis & Transcytosis
III. TRANSPORT ACROSS EPITHELIA –
Trans cellular & Para cellular
ULTRAFILTRATION

5. ACTIVE TRANSPOT
 Uphill transport
Utilizes metabolic energy
Exhibits saturation kinetics
TYPES
1. Primary Active Transport
2. Secondary Active Transport

6. PRIMARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT
• Directly uses metabolic energy for the
transport process
ION TRANSPORTING ATPases :
 P-type ATPases / E1-E2 ATPases
 V-type ATPases
 F-type ATPases

7. TYPES OF ATPases & THEIR LOCATION

8. Na-K ATPase

9. OPERATION OF Na-K PUMP

10. REGULATION OF Na-K ATPase ACTIVITY
INHIBITORS :
-Dopamine
- Temperature
- Concentration of ions
- Metabolic poisons
- Hypoxia
- Ouabain & related cardiac glycosides

11. REGULATION OF Na-K ATPase ACTIVITY
ACTIVATORS / PROMOTORS:
- Thyroid hormones
- Aldosterone
- Insulin
- cAMP, DAG

12. FUNCTIONS OF Na-K ATPase

13. CaATPase:
 PMCA
SERCAs
H-K ATPase:
Proton pump in Parietal cells
Acidification of urine
H ATPase:
V-type ATPase in lysosomes & ER
F-type ATPase in Inner Mitochondrial
membrane

14. ABC Transporters
MDR1
CFTR

15. SECONDARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT
1. CO-TRANSPORTERS/SYMPORTERS
- Move both driving solute & driven solute in
same direction

16. Na/glucose cotransporter – SGLT1 to 3

17. Na/aminoacid cotransporter
Na/K/Cl cotransporter (NKCC)

18. Na/Cl cotransporter (NCC)
K/Cl cotransporter (KCC1 to 4)

19.  H-driven cotransporters
- H/oligopeptide cotransporter
- H/AA cotransporter
- DMT1

20. 2. EXCHANGERS / ANTIPORTERS
• Move driving solute in one direction & driven
solute in opposite direction

21. 2. EXCHANGERS / ANTIPORTERS
• Move driving solute in one direction & driven
solute in opposite direction
Na-Ca exchanger (NCX) Na-H exchanger (NHE)

22. Na-driven Cl-HCo3 exchanger
Cl-HCo3 exchanger / Anion exchanger

23. Other Anion exchangers
• SAT – Sulphate Anion Transporter
• OATP – Organic anion transporter protein
• PGT – Prostaglandin transporter
• ROAT – Renal organic anion transporter
• Cl-formate exchanger
• Cl-oxalate exchanger

24. APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
 Oral Rehydration Therapy
 Proton Pump Inhibitors
 Loop diuretics
Thiazide diuretics
 Cardiac Glycosides
 Drug Resistance in Cancer Cells
 Cystic Fibrosis

25. THANK YOU