Getting Started with Serverless Computing on AWS

© 2016, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved.
Dean Bryen- Solutions Architect - AWS - @deanbryen
James Hall - Co-Founder - Parallax - @MrRio
AWS London Summit, July 7, 2016
Getting Started with AWS Lambda and the Serverless Cloud

What is serverless computing?
• VMs
• Machine as the unit of scale
• Abstracts the hardware
• Containers
• Application as the unit of scale
• Abstracts the OS
• Serverless
• Functions as the unit of scale
• Abstracts the language runtime
ECS
EC2
AWS Lambda

How do I choose?
• VMs
• “I want to configure machines, storage,
networking, and my OS”
• Containers
• “I want to run servers, configure applications,
and control scaling”
• Serverless
• “Run my code when it’s needed”
ECS
EC2
AWS Lambda

Agenda
Overview
Use cases
Recent launches and VPC best practices
Demo
Customer Case Study
Q & A

AWS Lambda: Serverless computing
Run code without servers. Pay only for the compute time you consume. Be happy.
Triggered by events or called from APIs:
• PUT to an Amazon S3 bucket
• Updates to Amazon DynamoDB table
• Call to an Amazon API Gateway endpoint
• Mobile app back-end call
• And many more…
Makes it easy to:
• Perform real-time data processing
• Build scalable back-end services
• Glue and choreograph systems

Continuous scalingNo servers to manage Never pay for idle –
no cold servers (only
happy accountants)
Benefits of AWS Lambda

Pay-per request
• Buy compute time in  
100 ms increments for 21
microcents
• Request charge of 20 microcents
• No hourly, daily, or monthly
minimums
• No per-device fees
Never pay for idle!
Free Tier
1 million requests and 400,000 GBs of compute
every month, every customer

Using AWS Lambda
Bring your own code
• Node.js, Java, Python
• Bring your own libraries (even
native ones)
Simple resource model
• Select power rating from 128 MB
to 1.5 GB
• CPU and network allocated
proportionately
• Reports actual usage
Flexible authorization
• Securely grant access to
resources, including VPCs
• Fine-grained control over who
can call your functions
Flexible use
• Call or send events
• Integrated with other AWS
services
• Build whole serverless
ecosystems

Using AWS Lambda
Programming model
• AWS SDK built in (Python and
Node.js)
• Eclipse plugin (Java)
• Lambda is the “webserver”
• Use processes, threads, /tmp,
sockets normally
Stateless
• Persist data using Amazon
DynamoDB, S3, or ElastiCache
• No affinity to infrastructure
(can’t “log in to the box”)
Authoring functions
• Author directly using the
console WYSIWYG editor
• Package code as a .zip and
upload to Lambda or S3
• Plugins for Eclipse and Visual
Studio
• Command line tools
Monitoring and logging
• Built-in metrics for requests,
errors, latency, and throttles
• Built-in logs in Amazon
CloudWatch Logs

But what *is* AWS Lambda?
Linux containers as an implementation, not a programming or
deployment abstraction
• Process and network isolation, cgroups, seccomp, …
The world’s biggest bin-packing algorithm
• High speed, highly distributed work routing and placement
Predictive capacity management
• Purpose-built, massively scaled language runtime delivery service

Amazon API Gateway: Serverless APIs
Internet
Mobile apps
Websites
Services
AWS Lambda
functions
AWS
API Gateway
cache
Endpoints on
Amazon EC2
Any other publicly
accessible endpointAmazon
CloudWatch
Amazon
CloudFront
Amazon  
API Gateway

Benefits of Amazon API Gateway
Create a unified API
front end for multiple
microservices
DDoS protection and
throttling for back-
end systems
Authenticate and
authorize requests

Microservices and AWS Lambda
AWS Lambda + Amazon API Gateway is the easiest
way to create microservices
Event handlers = one function per event type
Serverless backends = one function per API / path
Data processing = one function per data type

AWS Lambda, API Gateway, and AWS IoT regions
Available regions

Lambda: Use cases
Serverless apps and
ecosystems
Data processing Back ends

Use case: Data processing
Example: Amazon S3 bucket triggers
Amazon S3 bucket events
Original object
Compressed object
1
2
3
AWS Lambda

Why functions are the right answer
Amazon
DynamoDB
Call Events
Customize
API

Use case: Automatically scalable back ends
1. AWS Mobile SDK + Amazon Cognito for mobile app
Or AWS IoT for devices
2. AWS Lambda runs the code
3. Amazon API Gateway (if you want your own endpoint)
4. Amazon DynamoDB holds the data
AWS Lambda
Amazon
DynamoDB

Serverless web app architecture
1. Amazon S3 for serving static content
2. AWS Lambda for dynamic content
3. Amazon API Gateway for https access
4. Amazon DynamoDB for NoSQL data storage
Dynamic content in
AWS Lambda
Data stored in
Amazon DynamoDB
API GatewayStatic content in
Amazon S3

Use case: New app ecosystems: 
Alexa apps + Slack = serverless bots!
Alexa, tell Slack to
send, “I’m giving the
demo now.”
Message retrieval through scheduled
polling
Kevin says,  
“Break a leg!”
Message upload
(via Slack API)
Team 
(channel users)
Slack

Recent launches and 
VPC best practices

re:Invent 2015
• Python
• Scheduled functions
• Longer running times (5 min.)
• Versioning
Recent launches
Since re:Invent
• Higher code storage limits (from 5 GB to
75 GB)
• Custom VPC
• 1-minute schedules
• Regional launch: Frankfurt and Sydney
• Node.js 4.3.2
• 1-click CORs setup
• Stage variables
• Custom (Lambda) authorizers
• Builtin Swagger import/export
• AWS CloudFormation support for API
Gateway and versions
New!
New!

AWS Lambda VPC basics
All Lambda functions run in a VPC, all the time
You never need to “turn on” security – it’s always on
You can also grant Lambda functions access to resources in your own VPC
How: Add VPC subnet IDs and security group IDs to the function config
Typical uses: RDB, ElastiCache, private EC2 endpoints
Allows access to peered VPCs, VPN endpoints, and private S3 endpoints
Functions configured for VPC access lose internet access…
unless you have managed NAT or a NAT instance in the VPC
…Even if you have “Auto-assign Public IP” enabled
…Even if you have an internet gateway set up in your VPC
…Even if your security group allows all outbound traffic

AWS Lambda VPC Best practices
VPC is optional – don’t turn in on unless you need it.
The ENIs used by Lambda’s VPC feature count against your
quota.
Ensure you have enough to match your peak concurrency levels
DO NOT delete or rename these ENIs! ☺
Ensure your subnets have enough IPs for those ENIs.
Specify at least one subnet in each Availability Zone
Otherwise, Lambda will obey, but can’t be as fault-tolerant.

Serverless Web App Architecture
Static Site in S3
www.servicecheck.com
Web Client API Gateway 
/services
Lambda 
servicePOST
Lambda 
serviceGET
DynamoDB 
services

The serverless compute manifesto
Functions are the unit of deployment and scaling.
No machines, VMs, or containers visible in the programming model.
Permanent storage lives elsewhere.
Scales per request. Users cannot over- or under-provision capacity.
Never pay for idle (no cold servers/containers or their costs).
Implicitly fault-tolerant because functions can run anywhere.
BYOC – Bring your own code.
Metrics and logging are a universal right.

Join the serverless revolution!

@parallax
Hitting 1 million recordings
“without servers”
James Hall, Director, Parallax

@parallax Serverless Applications on AWS
Who we are
We help the world's top companies and most ambitious startups
build brilliant digital products, services and applications.

Enterprise
We designed and built a
native mobile application to
allow users to find and book
cars or vans on the move, get
directions, unlock the car
door and quickly get going.
The initial mobile app built
for City Car Club was such as
hit that when Enterprise
bought the company it was
top of their list to rebrand.

Gravit
Gravit is a professional web-
based design app that gives
designers and non-designers
the tools to create and share
great looking work. It’s been
featured in Forbes,
TechCrunch, Smashing
Magazine and countless
other publications.

British Airways
We built a bespoke
application to power large
amounts of LED advertising
billboards. The software
allows advertisers to easily
manage their advertising and
see reports.
@parallax

One Column
parall.ax 
info@parall.ax 
01133 226477
Subtitle
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry.
Lorem Ipsum has a the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s,
when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a
type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap
into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged.
Here is an example:
- Bullet Point one
- Bullet Point one
- Bullet Point one
It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing
Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software
like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.
@parallax

“Everybody loved the idea, some little
geniuses created this app where you
can record your part.”
David Guetta

“The longer I spent watching the intro video, the more
it looked like David sort of didn't want to be there. He
was shifting around on his chair like a man who'd just
nicked a Mars bar.”
– VICE

Traditional
Architecture
@parallax@parallax

@parallax
Traditional Architecture
Serverless Applications on AWS

£ £ £ £ £ £ £
@parallax
Traditional Architecture

With AWS Serverless
@parallax@parallax Serverless Applications on AWS

@parallax
Without “Servers”

Serverless Framework

• Pay-per-use Pricing
• No servers to manage
• Run nano/microservices 
(or monoliths!)

How it works

@parallax
Page lifecycle
1. User visits
HTTPS 
GET /
S3 with
CloudFront
2. CSS & JS
HTTPS 
GET
*.js
*.css
S3 with
CloudFront
index.html
3. Lang detect
API Gateway
w/
Lambda
HTTPS 
GET
/users/
country
HTTPS 
POST
/users/
update
4. User ﬁlls details
API Gateway
w/
Lambda

@parallax
Page lifecycle
5.
5. FB Login (optional)
HTTPS 
GET api.facebook.com
Hits Facebook Hosted
Endpoint
via Facebook
Javascript SDK
6. YouTube
HTTPS 
GET
youtube.com
YouTube iframe
{
“email”: “xyz”,
“proﬁle_id”: 123
}
7. Start recording
API Gateway w/
Lambda
Responds with S3
upload token
HTTPS 
GET
/recordings/token
Uploads directly to S3
bucket over HTTPS
using token
6.
7. 8.
HTTPS 
POST
bucket.s3.amazon/UID/
recording-X.mp3
8. Upload recording

@parallax
Page lifecycle
9. Submit details
API Gateway w/
Lambda
10. Artwork gen
HTTPS 
POST
/users/generate_
artwork
API Gateway w/
Lambda.
Create image, put on
S3, return S3 image
URL
11. Artwork display
CloudFront w/ S3
HTTPS 
GET
/domain.com/UID.png
AddThis.js is populated
with the share texts,
and includes the S3
URL
HTTP 
GET
addthis.com/ﬁle.js
HTTPS 
POST
/users/
update
{ url:
“domain.com/
UID.png” }
10. 11.
12. Social share 13. Social share
HTTPS 
GET
https://twitter.com/intent/
tweet?text=XYZ
12. 13.
Directly hits the social
media service

Chelsea FC / Delta

Deployment

The Future?
GraphQL

@parallax@parallax
{
user(id: 3500401) {
id,
name,
isViewerFriend,
profilePicture(size: 50) {
uri,
width,
height
}
}
}

@parallax@parallax
{
"user" : {
"id": 3500401,
"name": "Jing Chen",
"isViewerFriend": true,
"profilePicture": {
"uri": "http://someurl.cdn/pic.jpg",
"width": 50,
"height": 50
}
}
}

Some sequences may have been shortened.

Build small apps
to help your
DevOps

One more thing

About us
Who we are
We’re a bunch of technologists and
creatives based in Leeds and London.
We help the world's top companies and
most ambitious startups build brilliant
digital products, services and
applications.

Getting Started with Serverless Computing on AWS

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