In today’s world information and communication technology (ICT) play a crucial role and at the same time, it affects our lives every day. In the current digital age, many organisations across the globe make use of ICT as a tool to facilities teaching and learning(Bosamia,2018). These technologies have been used to enable end-user to access content materials offered online such as portable devices such smartphone, laptops and so on which operate for information, speed, and communication anywhere and anytime without physically visiting the location where the service is offered. With the use of ICT, e-commerce comes into play which enables end-user to send an email, market shopping to on-line shopping, classroom learning to e-learning where class are conducted over the internet.

1. International Journal of Smart Computing and Information Technology
2020, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 26–29
Copyright © 2020 BOHR Publishers
www.bohrpub.com
Mobility of ICT Services in Namibian Institutions:
A Literature Review
Nikodemus Angula
Faculty of Economic and Management Science, Department of Management Science
Abstract. In today’s world information and communication technology (ICT) play a crucial role and at the same
time, it affects our lives every day. In the current digital age, many organisations across the globe make use of ICT
as a tool to facilities teaching and learning (Bosamia, 2018). These technologies have been used to enable end-user to
access content materials offered online such as portable devices such smartphone, laptops and so on which operate
for information, speed, and communication anywhere and anytime without physically visiting the location where
the service is offered. With the use of ICT, e-commerce comes into play which enables end-user to send an email,
market shopping to on-line shopping, classroom learning to e-learning where class are conducted over the internet.
In the Namibian education systems environment high institutions of learning use traditional methods of teach-
ing which is concerned with the teacher/lecturer being the controller of the learning environment. Hence, power
and responsibility are held by the teacher/lecturer and they play the role of instructor (in the form of lecturers) and
decision maker (in regards to curriculum content and specific outcomes through different types of teaching methods
such as Teacher-centred methods, learner-centered methods, content-focused methods and interactive/participative
methods which is done using face-to-face mode of teaching and learning without embedding fully ICT infrastruc-
tures that support teaching and learning to take place.
Keywords: Mobility, ICT, ICT Services
Introduction
Information communications technology is considered as
one of the platforms that can bring about changes to almost
aspect of lives in developing and developed countries
across the globe lives (Ratheeswari, 2018). ICT transform
activities such as how people work, how people commu-
nicate with each other, how people travel, shop, and enjoy
their leisure time. ICT has changed business processes of
many organisations as it enables the business to use infor-
mation systems to integrated activities carried out daily,
weekly and monthly to produce statistical reports that
would aid in the decision making process in an organisa-
tion (Ratheeswari, 2018). Information and communication
technology is one of the growing trends in today’s world
since it offers benefits to the end-user and as well as many
organisation across the globe as it can be used to reduce
the environmental footprint of other activities (Hankel,
Heimeriks & Lago, 2019).
In the Namibian environment the mode of teaching
and learning as means of offering education services to
students is offered through different types of teaching
methods such as teacher-centred methods, learner-
centered methods, content-focused methods and inter-
active/participative methods which is done using
face-to-face mode of teaching and learning without embed-
ding fully ICT infrastructures that support teaching and
learning to take place. Namibian education systems lack
a centralised online platform for self-study, new skills-
acquisition and self-improvement using material provided
by Namibian institutions of education and higher learning.
Background
Over a couple of years, ICT has been used in many organ-
isations to improve the business process of many entities
which transform how business, schools, church operate by
improving how business is conducted to aid in generat-
ing a vast amount of information in our society that results
in a knowledge-based society (Hernandez, 2017). ICT has
the capability of enabling the accumulation of information
in real-time and provides a boost for social interactions
26

2. Mobility of ICT Services in Namibian Institutions: A Literature Review 27
and dynamics in society (Aguilar 2012). Information and
communication technology in today’s world play a major
crucial role as it enable many businesses and governmen-
tal agencies to sell and buy products and offer services over
the internet (Review, 2003).
Problem discussion
In the Namibian education systems there is a lack of
a centralized online platform for self-study, new skills-
acquisition and self-improvement using material provided
by Namibian institutions of education and higher learn-
ing, public enterprise, NGOs, vocational Training centers
(VTCs), Government agencies and ministries. Therefore,
Angula (2020) proposed a Namibian education portal that
acts as a centralized online platform for self-study, new
skills-acquisition and self-improvement using material
provided by Namibian institutions of education and higher
learning, public enterprises, NGOs, Vocational Training
Centers (VTCs), Government agencies and Ministries. The
platform is open to everyone such as students, educators
and members of the public.
Research question
What is the current mobility of ICT services offered in the
Namibian higher education institutions in Namibia?
Research method
The study conducted a literature survey hence Namibia
education portal developed by Angula (2020) assisted in
providing information regarding mobility of ICT services
offered in the Namibian higher education institutions in
Namibia.
Result
The study discovered that in Namibian education envi-
ronment according to Angula (2020) there is a Namibian
education portal that acts as a centralized online platform
for self-study, new skills-acquisition and self-improvement
using material provided by Namibian institutions of
Figure 1. Namibia education portal report screenshot.

3. 28 Nikodemus Angula
Figure 2. Institutions on board screen shot.
education and higher learning, public enterprises, NGOs,
Vocational Training Centers (VTCs), Government agencies
and Ministries. The platform is open to everyone such as
students, educators and members of the public.
The technology demonstrator
The system works as follows: The user can login using their
credentials. If the user enters wrong credentials then the
system will not allow user to login into the system. In other
word a user should be registered into the system before
log into the system. Namibia education portal can allows
users to register and share varied educational content with
other Namibian institutions of education and higher learn-
ing, public enterprises, NGOs, Vocational Training Centers
(VTCs), Government agencies and Ministries. The platform
is open to everyone such as students, educators and mem-
bers of the public.
Types of the portal users
This portal has three types of users such as administrator,
institutions, students and public members. Administrator
can do everything on the system, creating users, cre-
ating institutions, and creating categories of institutions
uploaded on the portal. Institutions can upload materials
for those institutions only. Public/Students will be able to
read the materials uploaded on the portal.
How to transform the literature review
to a research contribution
In order to turn this essay into a research contribution sev-
eral steps need to be taken. To start with, because this
research paper focuses on mobility of ICT services offered
in the Namibian higher education institutions in Namibia
the study assume that the Namibian public education insti-
tutions are interested in the Namibia education portal.
Ministry of education in Namibia will support the research.
Conclusion
Mobility of ICT is crucial in an organization as it adds
value to teaching and learning, by enhancing the effec-
tiveness of learning. After the inception of ICT in schools,

4. Mobility of ICT Services in Namibian Institutions: A Literature Review 29
students found learning in a technology-enhanced envi-
ronment more stimulating and engaging than in a tradi-
tional classroom environment.
Research question revisited
The main research question was; What is the current
mobility of ICT services offered in the Namibian higher
education institutions in Namibia?
Research question 1: What is the current mobility of ICT
services offered in the Namibian higher education institu-
tions in Namibia?
The research question was answered. The research ques-
tion was answered because according to the study done
by Angula (2020) which indicated that Namibian educa-
tion systems there is a lack of a centralized online platform
for self-study, new skills-acquisition and self-improvement
using material provided by Namibian institutions of edu-
cation and higher learning, public enterprise, NGOs, voca-
tional Training centers (VTCs), Government agencies and
ministries.
Discuss the findings
The study discovered that in Namibia education systems
the mode of teaching and learning is offered through
different types of teaching methods such as teacher-
centred methods, learner-centered methods, content-
focused methods and interactive/participative methods
which is done using face-to-face mode of teaching and
learning without embedding fully ICT infrastructures that
support teaching and learning to take place. Namibian
education systems lack a centralised online platform for
self-study, new skills-acquisition and self-improvement
using material provided by Namibian institutions of edu-
cation and higher learning.
Future research
The study is recommending future researchers to consider
all aspects that were not covered in this research paper. In
addition, anything that was not included in this research
paper should be included in future research study. The
study further recommend that future researchers explore
and examine each organization to share type of varied
educational content with other organization’s within the
Namibian context.
References
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sourced Disease Surveillance Data for Namibia through a
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2019.8764830.
Hankel, A., Heimeriks, G., & Lago, P. (2019). Green ICT adoption using
a maturity model. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(24), 1–21. https:
//doi.org/10.3390/su11247163.
Hernandez, R. M. (2017). Propósitos y Representaciones Ene. Propósitos
y Representaciones Ene, 5(1), 325–347. https://doi.org/10.20511/
pyr2017.
Nawafleh, S., Obiedat, R., & Harfoushi, O. (2012). E-Government Between
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//doi.org/10.21839/jaar.2018.v3is1.169.
Review, A. L. (2003). An Effective use of ICT for Education and Learning
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