.

1. Attitudes, Motivation, and
Second Language Learning: A
Meta–Analysis of Studies
Conducted by Gardner and
Associates
BY. A.M. MASGORATE A AS AND R.C. GARDNER

2. PURPOSE
This meta–analysis investigates the relationship of second language
achievement to five attitude/motivation variables from Gardner's
socioeducational model:
 Integrativeness
 Attitudes toward the learning situation
 Motivation
 Integrative orientation
 Instrumental orientation.

3. METHOD
This a descriptive research.
These relationships were examined in studies conducted by
Gardner and associates using the Attitude/Motivation.
Also test Battery and various measures of second language
achievement.
MATERIALS USED
 Self–ratings,
 Objective tests, and grades.
In total, the meta–analysis examined 75 independent samples
involving 10,489 individuals

4. CONCLUSION
The results clearly demonstrate that the correlations between
achievement and motivation are uniformly higher than those
between achievement and integrativeness, attitudes toward the
learning situation, integrative orientation, or instrumental
orientation, and that the best estimates of the population
correlations are greater than 0. Neither availability nor age had
clear moderating effects.

5. WHY DID THE ACTOR CHOSE THIS
KIND OF RESEARCH?
I can say that the motivitation is one of the most important
aspect that every person, willing to learn a second language has
t to know.
The author wants to prove the aspects that motivation and
attitude have towards learning english.
In my persnal opinión I strongly believe that without motivation
and a good attitude, learning english will not be as effective as it
can be.

6. REFERENCE
 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1467-9922.00212/abstract