2. 1. Pet owners are concerned about the ingredients.
2. Ingredients should be selected for their nutrient content
3. Finished product also depends on processing and cooking
KEY POINTS
3. Lots of folks think, “Oh my gosh there’s chemicals in my food!
I’m here to tell you that food is made of chemicals, that’s the
way it’s made here on planet earth. Everything is a chemical”-
Dr. Nathan Myhrvold
Why are chemicals included?
Are actually essential vitamins and minerals
Meat byproducts are scary
Organs and other nutritious parts
Too many believe what they read on the internet despite peer
reviewed published data
PET OWNERS DO NOT WANT CHEMICALS
4. AAFCO- Voluntary charged by law to regulate the sale and
distribution of animal feed
Nutritional claims, acceptable ingredients
Animal digest- highly palatable protein
BHA- Butylated Hydroxyanisole Antioxidant
Brewer rice- broken grains
Meat byproducts- protein source of organ meats, scrap meat,
bone, blood, and fatty tissue----which do not include hair, hide,
horns, hooves, teeth, or intestinal content!
Menadione Sodium- Vitamin K
Tocopherols- Natural source Vitamin E
TBHQ- Tertiary butyl hydroquinone
Whole Grain- bran, germ, and endosperm
COMMONLY USED INGREDIENT TERMS
5. Why?
1. Often called a “filler”
2. Quality of grains are questioned
3. Grain can manifest as allergies
GRAIN FREE PET FOOD
6. Good carbohydrate source
75% starch
6-10% protein
4% fat
7% fiber
Legal definition of filler is little to no nutritional value
WHOLE CORN
7. Abnormal reaction to a normal food or ingredient
Signs:
GI or dermatologic or both
Vast majority are to the proteins or glycoproteins
ALLERGIES AND GRAINS
8. MOST COMMON FOOD ALLERGENS FOR
DOGS AND CATS
Beef- 36% Beef- 20%
Dairy-28% Dairy -14.6%
Wheat- 15% Fish- 13%
Egg-10% Lamb- 6.7%
Chicken 9.6% Poultry- 4.5%
Lamb 6.6% Barley/Wheat- 4.5%
Soy 6%
Dog Cat
Verlinden A, Hesta M, Millet S, et al. Food allergy in dogs and cats: a review.
9. Needed in a form of glucose for the brain, nervous tissues,
and RBC.
If not provided you have de novo gluconeogenesis from amino
acids and glycerol backbone of triglycerides.
ARE CARBOHYDRATES A DIETARY
REQUIREMENT FOR CATS AND DOGS?
10. Not necessarily low in dietary carbohydrates
Other sources of carbohydrates
Potatoes
Beans
Tapioca
Peas
GRAIN FREE DIETS
11. Can they digest carbohydrates?
Both cats and dogs lack salivary amylase
Both have pancreatic amylase, and have intestinal
disaccharides
Dietary carbohydrates/simple sugars, starches, fiber
Proper processing is crucial
Poorly digestible carbohydrates or an overload of simple sugars may
induce adverse changes in intestinal metabolism. True for cats given
25-40% sugar or starches
CATS ARE CARNIVORES
12. Pet owners are concerned about the meaning, content, and
source
Lack of understanding may confuse pet owners, and they
perceive that these are poor quality ingredients
Consists of edible parts and organs such as; heart, lungs, liver, meat
trimmings, and bone
Do not include hair, hide, horns, hooves, teeth, or intestinal content
May actually provide more nutritional benefits
Many are considered a delicacy in other cultures
MEAT AND POULTRY BY PRODUCTS
13. May greatly influence the quality of protein produced
Can affect protein digestibility of finished pet food
Pet food companies contract with specific supplier for
consistent quality
Those affiliated with USDA inspected plants receive animal
products only from those facilities
Urban legend is that pet foods contain rendered remains of pets
RENDERING
14. Rendering is recycling
A secret no more
Good for animal health
Rendering is sustainable
Clean and safe
Consumers can have confidence
Volume in/quality out 56B # raw10B # fats and 9B#protein
RENDERING FACTS
15. Quality is determined
By amino acid composition
Digestibility
Ability to meet amino acid requirements
Example- Soy protein provides 100% of essential amino acids,
but is deficient in methionine and scores lower.
By mixing proteins in a diet, the finished product can provide
excellent protein quality, even though individual components
have limitations
ANIMAL VS VEGETABLE PROTEIN
16. Raw food diets suggests that cooking decreases nutritional
value and destroying inherent enzymes.
Natural enzymes add little, if any, value to digestibility
Are not specialized and do not help digestion
Grains benefit from cooking
Cooking increases digestibility between 14-208%
Carmody RN, Wrangham RW. The energetic significance of cooking.
EFFECT COOKING HAS ON QUALITY AND
DIGESTIBILITY
17. Effect on nutrient quality and digestibility can vary with type
of cooking method, temperature, time, and moisture.
Extrusion uses a combination of:
Moisture (25-35%)
Temperature between 100 and 150C
Pressure 20-30 bars
Mechanical sheer (0.5- 5 minutes)
Correct extrusion favors higher retention of amino acids,
protein and starch digestibility, decreased lipid oxidation,
higher retention of vitamins.
Extrusion denatures undesirable enzymes such as: trypsin
inhibitors and phytates. Sterilizes the finished product
EXTRUSION COOKING
18. Pyridoxine hydrochloride- Vitamin B6
Menadione sodium bisulfite- Vitamin K
Copper Proteinate- Dietary copper
40+ essential nutrients that dogs and cats need
Tocopherols or vitamin E- natural antioxidant
BHA, TBHQ or ethoxyquin- synthetic antioxidant
Without antioxidants essential fatty acids become oxidized or
rancid and nutritional value is destroyed
PET OWNERS MAY NOT RECOGNIZE
19. Pet parents want transparency and trust
Pet specialty rules:
3278 new pet food products introduced in to the US in 2015, Maria
Lange Business Group Director for GFK
Sustainability is a main concept
Pet food purchasing patterns are related to the type and
amount of protein content
TRANSPARENCY
21. Pets require specific nutrients not specific ingredients
Pet food manufacturers formulate diets to be complete and
balanced
Ingredients should be selected for nutrient content, as well as
impact for palatability, digestibility, and consumer
preferences.
Finished product also depends on processing and cooking
SUMMARY
Hinweis der Redaktion
Fatty acids, protein, essential amino acids, fiber, and minerals