A Brief Overview of the various applications

1. By :-
Paul Sourya Chatterjee (1034)
1

2. Pioneer of the Indian Space
Programme
Dr. Vikram Sarabhai
Founder and Chairman Indian National Committee for Space
Research, 1962.
2

3. SATELLITE COMMUNICATION
3
 In 1975-76, the Satellite Instructional Television Experiment
(SITE) telecast a series of educational TV programmes
on health, family planning, agriculture, education to cover
2,500 Indian villages via the US satellite, ATS-6.
 The Satellite Telecommunication Experiment Project (STEP),
conducted using Franco-German SYMPHONIE satellite during
1977-79.
 India also launched its own APPLE (Ariane Passenger Payload
Experiment), an experimental communication satellite, in June,
1981 using the opportunity offered by the European Space
Agency (ESA) to launch this satellite on board the third
developmental flight of ARIANE.

4.  Largest domestic communication system
in the world.
 Joint venture undertaken by the
Department of Space, Department of
Telecommunications, India
Meteorological Department and All India
Radio and Doordarshan.
 Serves the television and communication
needs of India.
 Carries with it 199 transponders and has
Very High Resolution Radiometer
(VHRR) and CCD cameras for
metrological imaging.
4

5. PERFORMANCE OF INSAT
5
 Television reaches to about 85 percent of the population
through over 1000 TV transmitters linked via INSAT.
 Educational programmes for over 100 hours are telecast
every week.
 INSAT system has become a powerful tool for training and
developmental education and is used by various agencies to
provide continuing education, conduct in-situ training.
 A pilot project that started in November, 1996 in a tribal
district of Madhya Pradesh in Central India is now in progress to
educate the tribal community on various aspects of health,
hygiene, family planning, women's rights, etc.

6. 6

13. Sl.
No.
Satellite Launch Date Mission Status
1 INSAT – 1A 10 April 1982 Deactivated on 6 September 1982
2 INSAT – 1B 30 August 1983 Completed mission life
3 INSAT – 1C 22 July 1988 Abandoned in November 1989
4 INSAT – 1D 12 June 1990 Completed mission life
5 INSAT – 2A 10 July 1992 India's First Indigenous communication
Satellite. Completed mission life
6 INSAT – 2B 23 July 1993 Completed mission life
7 INSAT – 2C 7 December 1997 Completed mission life
8 INSAT – 2D 4 June 1997 Became inoperable on 4 October 1997
9 INSAT – 2DT In-orbit
procurement
Completed mission life
13

14. Sl.
No.
Satellite Launch Date Mission Status
10 INSAT – 2E 3 April 1999 In service
11 INSAT – 3A 10 April 2003 In service
12 INSAT – 3B 22 May 2000 In service
13 INAST – 3C 24 January 2002 In service
14 KALPANA – 1 12 September 2002 In service
15 GSAT – 1 8 May 2003 In service
16 INSAT – 3E 28 September 2003 In service
17 EDUSAT 20 September 2004 In service
18 INSAT – 4A 22 December 2005 In service
19 INSAT – 4CR 2 September 2007 In geosynchronous orbit
Contd.
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15. 15
BHASKARA - 1
• BHASKARA-1
Launched in June 1979
• BHASKARA-2
Launched in November 1981
• Indian Remote Sensing Satellites (1988)
 IRS - 1A
 IRS – 1B
 IRS – 1C (Civilian RS satellite)
 IRS – 1D (Civilian RS satellite)
 IRS – P3
 IRS – P4 (OCEANSAT)
 IRS – P5 (Cartographic applications)
 IRS – P6 (Resource Survey)

16. Images derived from INSAT 3A and Kalpana
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a) Atmospheric Motion Vector(m/s), b) Upper Tropospheric Humidity(%),
c) Outgoing Longwave Radiation, d) Quantitative Precipitation Index (mm)

17. Geosynchronous Satellite
Launch Vehicle (GSLV)
GSLV at the Launch Site - Sriharikota

18. 18
GSLV-F04 at Vehicle Assembly Building
GSLV-F04 lifts off from the Second
Launch Pad carrying INSAT-4CR

19. Expendable launch
vehicle
ISRO
India
49 m (160 ft)
2.8 m (9.1 ft)
402,000 kg (886,000 lb)
3
5,000 kg
(11,000 lb)
2,500 kg
(5,500 lb)
Active
19
Sriharikota
5
4
1
18 April 2001
 4
L40H Vikas, S139, GS2
Vikas, RD-56M
262s, 166s,
295s, 406s
160 s, 100 s, 150 s,
720 s
N2O4/UDMH, HTPB
(solid), LOX/LH2

20. 20
Vehicle Variant Date of Launch
Launch
Location
Payload Mission Status
D1
GSLV
Mk.I(a)
18 April 2001 Sriharikota GSAT-1
Success,
Developmental Flight.
D2
GSLV
Mk.I(a)
8 May 2003 Sriharikota GSAT-2
Success,
Developmental Flight
F01
GSLV
Mk.I(b)
20 September
2004
Sriharikota EDUSAT
Success, First
operational flight.
F02
GSLV
Mk.I(b)
10 July 2006 Sriharikota INSAT-4C
Unsuccessful; both
rocket and satellite had
to be destroyed over
the Bay of Bengal after
the rocket's trajectory
veered outside of
permitted limits.

21. 21
Vehicle Variant
Date of
Launch
Launch
Location
Payload
F?? GSLV MK.?? 2009 Sriharikota
Healthsat
TAUVEX-2
F?? GSLV MK.?? 2009 Sriharikota Insat-3D
F?? GSLV MK.?? 2012 Sriharikota
Aditya
(space
craft)

22. 22

23. 23
There are two types of remote sensing :-
I. Passive Remote Sensing:- Sensors detect natural
radiation that is emitted or reflected by the object or
surrounding area being observed.
Example:- infra-red, charge-coupled devices.
II. Active Remote Sensing:- Active collection emits energy
in order to scan objects and areas whereupon a passive
sensor then detects and measures the radiation that is
reflected or backscattered from the target.
RADAR is an example of active remote sensing.

24. 24
 Conventional radar is mostly associated with aerial traffic
control and large scale meteorological data. Types of active
collection includes plasmas in the ionosphere. Interferometric
synthetic aperture radar is used to produce precise digital
elevation models of large scale terrain.
 Laser and radar altimeters on satellites have provided a wide
range of data. By measuring the bulges of water caused by gravity,
they map features on the seafloor to a resolution of a mile or so.
By measuring the height and wave-length of ocean waves, the
altimeters measure wind speeds and direction, and surface ocean
currents and directions.
 LIDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) - is well known in the
examples of weapon ranging, laser illuminated homing of
projectiles. LIDAR is used to detect and measure the concentration
of various chemicals in the atmosphere, while airborne LIDAR can
be used to measure heights of objects and features on the ground
more accurately than with radar technology.

25. 25
This image reveals the spatial extent of river sediments on the
Louisiana shelf after a cold front passage event. Red, green and
blue channels are continued in this "true colour" enhancement
(Feb 23, 2003).
Satellite Image from the Terra-1 Modis

26. Ocean Chlorophyll Parameter
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Image shows chlorophyll-a distribution on the Louisiana
shelf on 22 March 2003. The image was captured by the
Oceansat-1 ocean colour monitor.

27. 27
Image from the SeaWiFs onboard
SeaStar satellite. Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper
image of the Cape Adare region.

28. 28
 Imagery from Google Earth is
provided by a company called
DigitalGlobe.
 A new spacecraft known as
WorldView is now launched. The
new ‘craft’ provides high definition
satellite, which means more
accuracy for us users.
 Together with the company’s
existing Quickbird satellite, it
offers half-meter resolution and
collects over 6 million km2 of
imagery each day, up from the
current collection of that amount
each week.

29. 29
Satellite Image of San Francisco from LANDSAT