The document discusses various scenarios for connecting coffee machines in an office building to the Internet of Things (IoT). It begins by describing a basic scenario where coffee machine levels are checked manually multiple times per day. It then discusses scenarios where the machines can send basic notifications when low on supplies, and where they are connected to office systems and databases to optimize replenishment. The most advanced scenario discussed involves the machines ordering their own supplies based on inventory and usage patterns. The document suggests this level of connectivity could allow machines to automate remaining tasks.
2. The following presentation is intended for educational
purposes only. There are references to information in public
domain (books, websites, standard documents, etc.) in this
material. Sincere attempt has been made to give credit to all
such references wherever possible. The original copyright
holders retain the copyright to their material. E&OE.
Thanks to Dr. Triantafyllos (Aldo) Kanakis for preparing some
of the slides and Parallel Wireless for giving me time off from
the hectic schedule to complete this presentation.
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7. IoT is combining data, cloud, connectivity
analytics and technology in a way that
enables a smart environment in which
everyday objects are embedded with
network connectivity in order to improve
functionality and interaction
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8. 8
Source: 3G4G Blog
Lets assume there is
one of this machine
on each floor or a
five floor building
In total, there are
five machines.
9. Scenario 1 - No connectivity
Someone has to manually go on each
floor and check if there are enough
coffee beans, chocolate powder, milk
powder, etc.
He/She may have to do this say 3-4
times a day.
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Source: 3G4G Blog
10. Scenario 2 - Basic connectivity (M2M)
The machine has basic sensors so it can
send some kind of notification (on your
phone or email or message, etc.)
whenever the coffee beans, chocolate
powder, milk powder, etc., falls below a
certain level.
An app on phone and/or computer
may be available
10
Source: 3G4G Blog
11. Scenario 3: Advanced connectivity (IoT)
Lets say that the coffee machine is connected
to the office system and database.
It knows which employees come when and
what is their coffee/drinks consumption pattern
This way the machine can optimize when it
needs to be topped up.
If there is a large meeting/event going on, the
coffee machine can even check before the
breaks and indicate in advance that it needs
topping up
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Source: 3G4G Blog
12. Scenario 4: Intelligent Devices (Advanced
IoT)
Lets add intelligence to it so it can even know
about the inventory.
How much of coffee beans, chocolate powder,
milk powder, etc is in stock and when would
they need ordering again.
It can have an employee UI (User Interface) that
can be used by employees to give feedback
on which coffee beans are more/less popular or
what drinks are popular.
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Source: 3G4G Blog
13. Scenario 4: Intelligent Devices (Advanced
IoT) – continued
This info can be used by the machines to order
the supplies, taking into account the price,
availability, etc.
Build your own apps – API’s are available
Can robots automate the remaining tasks of
cleaning, topping it up, etc.?
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Source: 3G4G Blog
16. “There are many different type of devices that can be connected to
the Internet of Things. A device can be something big and complex, like
a car or a house. It can be something you use in everyday life, such as a
golf club, or a printer, or a pair of sneakers. It can be something very,
very small, such as a discrete sensor inside your car or house or golf club,
a single part of a much larger and more complex device.
For that matter, what the IoT calls “things” don’t have to be actual
physical things. A thing can be a piece of data – status information such
as your location or room temperature – collected through separate
general purpose device, such as a thermostat, smartphone or
computer. Put another way, the physical thing itself doesn’t have to be
in the IoT, although data about the thing must.
Know, though, that most IoT devices are simple sensors that monitor
something happening nearby. These simple things are either record or
transmit the information they gather across the network to some other
device or service.”
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17. The right car gets pre-heated depending on:
› Day of the week
› Whether travelling alone or with the family
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37. Near Field Communication
NFC is very short range communication protocol
Point-to-point communication
Needs both devices within field to communicate
› Contactless payments (apple pay, android pay, paypal etc)
› Ticket validations (Oyster)
› File sharing
› Multiplayer gaming
Most smartphones are NFC ready
38. Short range communications
Transmission at the ISM band
Low transmission power
Low penetration properties (walls, doors, windows etc)
High transmission rate
High availability
› Smartphones
› Laptops
› Car entertainment units
› IoT devices
Low cost
Supports few nodes in a PAN
39. Bluetooth 4.0 is not a Bluetooth revision
› Completely new technology
Shorter range
Lower transmission power
Poorer penetration properties
Faster discovery and connection setup speed
Lower throughput
Lower cost
Energy saving for wearable devices
› Available for IoT applications
41. Wider range communications (compared to Bluetooth)
Transmission at the ISM band
Low transmission power (higher than Bluetooth)
High transmission rate
Some penetration properties (better than Bluetooth)
Slower market acceptance
Smaller availability
Supports many nodes (WLAN)
Low cost
42. Short range communications
Transmission at the ISM band
Low transmission power
Very good penetration properties (walls, doors, windows etc)
High transmission rate
Highest availability
› Smartphones
› Computers
› Car entertainment units
› IoT devices
› Smart home devices
› Control units
Very low cost
Supports many nodes (WLAN)
43. A Wi-Fi family technology
Sub 1GHz operating frequency
Longer range for same transmit power as Wi-Fi
Better penetration properties than Wi-Fi
Target applications
› Smart Homes
› Connected cars
› Healthcare
› Remote industry operation
› Retail
› Agriculture
› Smart Cities
Supports multiple nodes (WLAN)
HaLow™
54. Low cost modules $2 - $3
Subscription prices as low as £1 per year in large volumes
(over 50K)
Aiming for very low-bandwidth applications that favour low
volumes of messages per device, typically uplink-heavy
(device to cloud)
› 12 bytes per message, and at the same time no more than 140
messages per device per day
Sigfox devices can work up to 20 years off two AA batteries
Source: Rethink Research
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55. Agriculture and environment: weather
monitoring; irrigation control; soil condition;
security; monitoring the health of livestock;
measuring river water.
Automotive: vehicle tracking; fleet
management
Consumer electronics: personal tracking
devices; health products with monitoring of
sensor statuses such as location, blood
pressure and glucose levels; home
automation/domotics.
Emergency services and security: alarms;
CCTV; fire detection and protection; access
control systems;
Healthcare: devices enabling first responder
connectivity or clinical trials monitoring.
Intelligent buildings: heating; ventilation; air
conditioning; lighting; security.
Manufacturing and supply chain: devices that
monitor waste and fuel consumption,
inventory, maintenance variables, etc.
Manufacturing and supply chain: devices that
monitor waste and fuel consumption,
inventory, maintenance variables, etc.
Retail and leisure: supply chain
communication, inventory management,
shopping devices and communication.
Utilities: energy theft monitoring, feedback for
consumers and repair crews, public safety,
waste, leakage and financial control
Smart city and public transport: technologies
for public transport, including ticketing and
passenger information systems; parking space
management and payment; charging and
road tolls, traffic volume monitoring;
connected road signs, traffic lights and law-
enforcement cameras; CCTV, street lighting,
waste collection, public alarms and
intercoms; tourist information services; static
advertising and billboards.
Source: Wikipedia
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56. Uses cellular and Sigfox where available
Monthly service plans between $7 - $10
Sigfox can help reduce the costs further
Source: http://www.whistle.com/
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58. 58Source: A Survey of Longer-Range IoT Wireless Protocols by Bryon Moyer
59. LoRa refer to a wireless modulation allowing a low power
high radio budget communication.
LoRaWAN refer to a network protocol using LoRa chips for
the communication. It relies on basestation able to
monitor 8 frequencies with multiple spread factors (virtually
~42 channels).
It is possible to use LoRa modulation in point to point or star
networks without using LoRaWAN.
It could be possible to have LoRaWAN like network with
other radio link, but wouldn’t be really practical.
Source: Alexandre Bouillot, Quora
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61. Milton Keynes is to deploy its own low
power wide area (LoRa) network with
gateways installed at four locations to
provide coverage across central areas
of the city.
Source: Smart Cities World
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66. Sigfox provides the
network
Device chip costs $2
and connectivity $1 /
year roughly
More suitable for wider
coverage areas
LoRa provides chips
that can be used to
build the network
Base station chip costs
$20, no need to pay
for connectivity
Coverage depends on
the private network
coverage area
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75. Provided a 4 year notice of 2G switch off
2.3 million customers still on 2G at time of
switch off
San Francisco’s bus systems relied on 2G
network to show the next bus times but
they failed to upgrade their equipment
by deadline so all timings were wrong.
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76. Won the deal to supply connectivity for the UK’s Smart Meter
Implementation Programme in two of the project’s three regions.
The operator will provide service in the Central and Southern
regions for the programme, which will see the deployment of 53
million connected gas and electricity meters across the UK by
2020.
The deal is valued at £1.5bn over a 15-year lifespan
O2 will use 2G (GSM & GPRS) to provide connectivity. They will
also use RF mesh to reach premises with poor cellular
connectivity
Source: Telecoms.com, Critical articles: Guardian, Nick Hunn
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79. Displays (size & resolution)
Processor
Number of Radios in use simultaneously
Amount of data being transferred
GPS & Location services
Data storage
IoT devices try and minimise all of the above to save
power consumption
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84. Release-12
› MTC introduces ‘category 0’ UE to reduce device complexity
› Power Saving Mode (PSM) reduces power consumption when UE
does not need to send or receive data
Release-13
› Introduces new categories with complexity reduction and
coverage enhancements
› extended Discontinuous Reception (eDRX) optimizes battery life
for device-terminated applications
› network architecture and protocol enhancements for IoT are
introduced
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91. Automated Vehicles
(GNSS – GPS, GLONASS,
etc.)
Location Based Services
Pay as you drive
Insurance
Tracking of shipping
containers
Weather and Pollution
monitoring
eCall (in combination
with cellular)
Communications with
Aircrafts, Ships, etc. out
of cellular range
Fleet management and
control
Oil Platforms monitoring
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92. By 2023, there are estimated to be 5.8 million satellite
M2M and IoT connections globally - NSR
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109. Enguage offers an electronic
system that notifies authorities
when a fire extinguisher is blocked,
missing from its designated
location or when its pressure falls
below safe operating levels. Alerts
can be sent directly through an
instant email, phone call or pager
notification to proper agencies
and supervisors.
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118. 118
Sector Use Case Top Requirements
Buildings (incl. Home) Complex Solution (e.g. energy
management)
Indoor, Security, SLA, Reliability
Basic Solution (e.g. presence/ air
pollution)
Indoor, Security, SLA, Reliability
IoT Complex Systems Autonomous Car or Drones
Ecosystems
Battery, Security, Range, SLA,
Coverage, Reliability
Source: LTE and 5G Technologies Enabling the Internet of Things - 5G
Americas Report
121. Cisco VNI Whitepaper, Feb 2016
LTE and 5G Technologies Enabling the Internet of Things - 5G
Americas Report, Dec 2016
Ericsson Mobility Report – June 2014, June 2015, Latest
CW - 'Radio Systems for Mission-Critical IoT Communications'
CW - 'Boring but lucrative, the real Internet of Things‘
CW - ‘IoT Security: Will the Internet of Things be Secure Enough to
Run Your Life?’
CW - 'Don't panic about IoT Security, new technology will sort it
out'
CW - 'Connected vehicles - the ultimate IoT sensor?‘
Postscapes – IoT examples
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