Symptoms, first aid, prevention,

1. Blasco, Joy Marie D.
BEED-ENGLISH III
UNIT 5:
SAFETY AND ACCIDENTS

2. ACCIDENT

3. ACCIDENT
DEFINITION:
-an undesirable or unfortunate happening that occurs
unintentionally and usually results in harm, injury, damage,
or loss; casualty; mishap (Dictionary.com)
-an unforeseen and unplanned event or circumstance
(Merriam Webster Dictionary)

4. ACCIDENT
CHILDREN’S PERCEPTION:
-children need to be constantly reminded of the dangers in
the environment because they don’t know how dangerous is
‘dangerous’.

5. ACCIDENT
TYPES and SOURCES of ACCIDENTS:
• Falls
• Cuts
• Burns and scales
• Bites and stings
• Poisoning
• Inhalation of foreign bodies.
• Road traffic accidents
• Drowning

6. SKELETAL AND
MUSCULAR
INJURIES

8. FRACTURE
DEFINITION:
A fracture is a break in the continuity of bone. It may
be complete or incomplete.
CAUSES:
Direct force: This is when the bone breaks when direct force
is applied, for example from a kick or blow.
Indirect force: This is when the bone breaks some distance
from the spot where the force is applied.

9. FRACTURE
TWO MAIN CLASSIFICATIONS:
Closed fractures: This is where the over lying skin is not
broken.
Open fractures: This is when the over lying skin is broken. The
broken bones can easily be seen through the broken skin.

10. FRACTURE
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:
• Pain, which may be severe.
• Tenderness on touch.
• Failure to use the affected part of the
body.
• Swelling of the affected part.
• Bleeding in an open fracture.
• Deformity, such as irregularity of the bone,
shortening of the limb, depression of flat
bone.
• Angulation or rotation of the bone.

11. SPRAIN
DEFINITION:
A sprain is a stretched or torn ligament. Ligaments
are tissues that connect bones at a joint.
CAUSES:
Falling, twisting, or getting hit can all cause a sprain

12. SPRAIN
SYMPTOMS
• Joint pain or muscle pain
• Swelling
• Joint stiffness
• Discoloration of the skin, especially
bruising

13. SPRAIN
FIRST AID:
• Apply ice right away to reduce swelling. Wrap the ice in
cloth. Do not place ice directly on the skin.
• Wrap a bandage around the affected area to limit
movement. Wrap firmly, but not tightly. Use a splint if
needed.
• Keep the swollen joint raised above your heart, even
while sleeping.
• Rest the affected joint for several days.

14. SPRAIN
PREVENTION:
• Wear protective footwear during activities that place
stress on your ankle and other joints.
• Make sure that shoes fit your feet properly.
• Avoid high-heeled shoes.
• Always warm-up and stretch before doing exercise and
sports.
• Avoid sports and activities for which you have not
trained.

15. HIGH RISK ACTIVITIES
Produces a sense of satisfaction but can be
really dangerous to one’s health and safety.
Examples:
skydiving,
mountaineering,
racing

16. ELECTRICAL
INJURIES

18. ELECTRICAL ENERGY
Electricity begins with the smallest of all
particles, the atom. Atoms, although too small for our
eyes to see, are in everything. Atoms also
contain protons and neutrons in their nucleus (the
centre of the atom). Electrons are contained around
the protons and neutrons, and move quickly around
them. This quick movement is what makes the
energy in electricity

19. ELECTRICAL INJURY
An electrical injury is damage to the skin or internal
organs when a person comes into direct contact with an
electrical current.
The human body conducts electricity very well.

20. ELECTRICAL INJURY
• Cardiac arrest due to the electrical effect on the heart
• Muscle, nerve, and tissue destruction from a current
passing through the body
• Thermal burns from contact with the electrical source

21. ELECTRICAL INJURY
CAUSES:
• Accidental contact with exposed parts of electrical
appliances or wiring
• Flashing of electric arcs from high-voltage power
lines
• Lightning
• Machinery or occupational-related exposures
• Young children biting or chewing on electrical
cords, or poking metal objects into an electrical
outlet

22. ELECTRICAL INJURY
SYMPTOMS:
• Symptoms depend on many things, including:
• Type and strength of voltage
• How long you were in contact with the electricity
• How the electricity moved through your body

23. ELECTRICAL INJURY
SYMPTOMS MAY INCLUDE:
• Changes in alertness (consciousness)
• Broken bones
• Heart attack (chest, arm, neck, jaw, or back
pain)
• Headache
• Problems with swallowing, vision, or hearing
• Irregular heartbeat
• Muscle spasms and pain
• Numbness or tingling
• Breathing problems or lung failure
• Seizures
• Skin burns

24. ELECTRICAL INJURY
FIRST AID:
1. If you can do so safely, turn off the
electrical current. Unplug the cord,
remove the fuse from the fuse box,
or turn off the circuit breakers. Simply
turning off an appliance may NOT
stop the flow of electricity. Do NOT
attempt to rescue a person near
active high-voltage lines.

25. ELECTRICAL INJURY
FIRST AID:
2. If the current can't be turned off, use a
non-conducting object, such as a broom,
chair, rug, or rubber doormat to push the
person away from the source of the
current. Do not use a wet or metal object.
If possible, stand on something dry and
that doesn't conduct electricity, such as a
rubber mat or folded newspapers.

26. ELECTRICAL INJURY
FIRST AID:
3. Once the person is away from the source of
electricity, check the person's airway, breathing, and
pulse. If either has stopped or seems dangerously
slow or shallow, start first aid.
4. If the person has a burn, remove any clothing that
comes off easily, and rinse the burned area in cool
running water until the pain subsides. Give first aid
for burns.

27. ELECTRICAL INJURY
FIRST AID:
5. Stay with the person until medical help arrives.
6. Electrical injury is frequently associated with
explosions or falls that can cause additional
severe injuries. You may not be able to notice all
of them. Do not move the person's head or neck
if the spine may be injured

28. ELECTRICAL INJURY
DO NOT:
Stay at least 20 feet away from a person
who is being electrocuted by high-voltage
electrical current (such as power lines) until the
power is turned off.
Do NOT touch the person with your bare hands if
the body is still touching the source of electricity.

29. ELECTRICAL INJURY
DO NOT:
Do NOT apply ice, butter, ointments,
medications, fluffy cotton dressings, or
adhesive bandages to a burn
Do NOT remove dead skin or break
blisters if the person has been burned
After the power is shut off, do NOT move
the person unless there is a risk of fire or
explosion

30. ELECTRICAL INJURY
PREVENTION:
(a) Frayed wires should be covered.
(b) Repair of any electrical appliance
not to be done when it is still plugged
in the socket.
(c) Avoid touching electrical wires
outside the house.
(d) Electrical appliances should not
be touched with wet hands.

31. ELECTRICAL INJURY
PREVENTION:
(e) Electrical wires that are used about the home should
be insulated.
(f) The red and blue wires should never be brought into
contact or joined when the current is on.
(g) Avoid using broken electrical appliances and
appliances not fitted with plugs e.g. switch -holders etc..
(h) Electrical tools should be insulated

33. BURNS AND
SCALDS

34. BURNS AND SCALDS
Burns and scalds are damage to
the skin caused by heat. Both are
treated in the same way.
BURN:
caused by dry heat. This can be
caused by an iron or fire, for
example.
SCALD:
caused by something wet, such as hot water or steam.

35. BURNS
CLASSIFICATION:
1st Degree Burns (Superficial burns):
These burns are the least
serious, with usually only the top
layer of skin being burnt. The skin
would be red and could have minor
swelling. These burns could be
caused by over exposure to the sun
or by a split second exposure to a
hot metal surface.

36. BURNS
CLASSIFICATION:
2nd Degree Burns (Partial Depth Burns)
These burns are caused when
the burn is greater than just the skin
surface. The skin forms blisters and
is painful. However, some of the
deeper layer of skin (the dermis) is
unharmed. This means the skin
usually heals well, sometimes
without scarring if the burn is not too
extensive.

37. BURNS
CLASSIFICATION:
3rd Degree Burns (Full Depth Burns)
Third degree burns can be
described as completely burnt skin.
These burns are very serious and
are visible by charred skin or it could
be waxy white. Sometimes the victim
might not feel pain as the nerves are
burnt.

38. BURNS AND SCALDS
FIRST AID:
immediately get the person away from the
heat source to stop the burning
cool the burn with cool or lukewarm water for
10 to 30 minutes – do not use ice, iced water or
any creams or greasy substances such as butter
remove any clothing or jewellery that is near
the burnt area of skin, but do not move anything
that is stuck to the skin

39. BURNS AND SCALDS
FIRST AID:
make sure the person keeps warm – for
example by using a blanket – but take care not
to rub it against the burnt area
cover the burn by placing a layer of cling film
over it
use painkillers, such as paracetamol or
ibuprofen to treat any pain.

40. BURNS AND SCALDS
DO NOT:
• Prick any blisters. It is better to leave them
intact, to lessen the risk of infection.
• Apply creams, ointments, oils, grease, etc.
(The exception is for mild sunburn. A
moisturiser cream may help to soothe this.)
• Put on an adhesive, sticky, or fluffy dressing.

41. FIRE HAZARDS
AND
PRECAUTIONS

42. FEVER

43. FEVER
DEFINITION:
Although a fever technically is any body
temperature above the normal of 98.6 F (37
C), in practice a person is usually not
considered to have a significant fever until the
temperature is above 100.4 F (38 C).
Medicine.net:
Fever is part of the body's own disease-fighting arsenal:
rising body temperatures apparently are capable of killing off
many disease- producing organisms

44. FEVER
SIGNS:
Temperature above 37 degree celsius
Dizziness
Vomitting
Sweating
Shivering
Headache
Muscle aches
Loss of appetite
Dehydration
General weakness

45. FEVER
FIRST AID:
Offer plenty of fluids to avoid dehydration.
Never use rubbing alcohol or cold baths to bring the fever
down.
Dress your in lightweight clothing and cover with a light
sheet or blanket.
Let your child eat what he or she wants, and don't force
eating if your child doesn't feel like it.
If your child also is vomiting and/or has diarrhea, ask the
doctor if you should give a children's electrolyte (rehydration)
solution.
Make sure your child gets plenty of rest.

46. FAINTING

47. FAINTING
 lose consciousness for a short time because of a
temporarily insufficient supply of oxygen to the brain.

48. FAINTING
 Check to see if the person is breathing. If he or she is
breathing, position the person on his or her back.
 Raise the person’s legs at least 12 inches above the ground.
 Loosen any restrictive clothing or belts. If the person does not
regain consciousness within one minute, call 911.
 Check the person’s airway to make sure it is not obstructed.
 Check again to see if the person is breathing, coughing, or
moving. These are signs of positive circulation. If these signs
are absent, start CPR until emergency personnel arrive.

49. DROWNING/
NEAR-DROWNING

50. "Near drowning" means a person almost died from not being able to breathe (suffocating) under water.
"Near drowning" means a person almost died from not being able to breathe (suffocating) under water.
DROWNING
DEFINITION:
-when a person dies in the water because he/she is
unable to breathe.
"Near drowning“
means a person almost died from not being able
to breathe (suffocating) under water.

51. DROWNING
PREVENTION:
√ Creating awareness (sensitization) among families,
local leaders and the community at large about dangers to
children of water ponds and any water collection.
√ Protection of children from bodies of water by fencing,
including fencing swimming pools.
√ If children have to go to the bodies of water, they MUST
be accompanied by a grown up and preferably one who
knows how to swim.
√ Educate children about dangers of water bodies.

52. DROWNING
FIRST AID:
1.Move the person.
2.Check for breathing.
3. If the person is not breathing, check pulse.
4. If there is pulse, start CPR.

53. DROWNING
FIRST AID:
For an adult or child, place the heel of one hand on
the center of the chest at the nipple line. You can also push
with one hand on top of the other. For an infant, place two
fingers on the breastbone.
For an adult or child, press down about 2 inches.
Make sure not to press on ribs.

54. DROWNING
FIRST AID:
For an infant, press down about 1 and 1/2 inches.
Make sure not to press on the end of the breastbone.
Do 30 chest compressions, at the rate of 100 per
minute or more. Let the chest rise completely between
pushes.
Check to see if the person has started breathing.

55. OTHER CAUSES OF
ACCIDENTS
MECHANICAL HAZARDS
Mechanical hazards refer to moving
machinery that can cause injury or death
RADIATION HAZARDS
can be caused by, for example,
an accident when transporting
radioactive substances

56. BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
Biological hazards, also known as
biohazards, refer to biological substances that
pose a threat to the health of living
organisms, primarily that of humans
CHEMICAL HAZARDS
can be caused by, for example,
an accident when transporting
radioactive substances

57. NATURAL HAZARDS
Natural hazards are severe and extreme
weather and climate events that occur
naturally in all parts of the world.
CARELESSNESS, OVER DRINKING, OVER SPEEDING

58. REFERENCES
ONLINE SOURCES:
Cable Organizer (2014). 10 ways to prevent home electrical
hazards. Cableorganizer.com. Retrieved December 3, 2014
fromwww.cableorganizer.com/articles/preventing-home-electrical-hazards.
html
Daley, B.J (n.d). Electrical Injuries. Medscape. Retrieved
December 3, 2014 from emedicine.medscape.com/article/433682-
overview

59. REFERENCES
EnWin Utilities Ltd. (2007). Energy and Electricity. EnWin Utilities
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www.enwin.com/kids/electricity/energy_electricity.cfm
Injuria Ltd. (2014). Types of accidents. Injuria personal injury
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injuria.co.uk/TypesofAccident.htm
“Accident” (2014). Accident. Dictionary.com. Retrieved December 3, 2014
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“Accident” (2014). Accident.Merriam Webster. Retrieved December 3,
2014 from www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/accident

60. REFERENCES
“Broken Bone”. (2014). Fitness & Exercise. WebMD. Retrieved
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“Burns” (n.d). Burns and Scalds. Egton Medical Information Systems.
Retrieved December 3, 2014 from www.patient.co.uk
“Common Injuries” (2014). Lesson 18: Common Injuries and
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wikieducator.org/Lesson_18:_Common_Injuries_and_Accidents
“Electrical” (2014). Electrical Injury. Medline Plus. Retrieved December 3,
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61. REFERENCES
“Fever” (n.d). Fever definition. Medicine.net. Retrieved December 3,
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“First Aid” (2014). First Aid & Emergencies: Fever Facts. WebMD.
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“First Aid” (n.d). First Aid: Sprains and Fractures. Fairview. Retrieved
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62. REFERENCES
“Fitness”. (2014). Fitness & Exercise. WebMD. Retrieved December 3,
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